Kansas faces the challenge of reduced surface water storage in eastern Kansas caused by sedimentation of its reservoirs. The 24 federal reservoirs in Kansas have an average age of about 50 years and current estimates indicate that 17% of their collective storage capacity (originally 3.2M ac-ft.) has been lost to sedimentation. Six of these reservoirs are already more than 33% infilled. So basic in all ways is ecology and hydrology to the functioning of a region that changes in water storage and movement and how both may be managed must be carefully followed. Also we discuss the merits of four types of remediation for addressing reservoir infilling, recognizing that combinations of methods can be used, and that water conservation is essential. Also we describe the important role of research and monitoring facilities at research stations in Kansas where controlled experiments identifying cause and effect relationships can provide insight for reservoir management.