The savannah lilliput (Toxolasma pullus, Bivalvia: Unionidae) is the only member of its genus represented along the mid-Atlantic slope. The rarity, limited range, and declining status of this species have caused concern among resource managers for its conservation. Little is known about the life history of T. pullus; such information is necessary for recovery of the species. We conducted a fish host trial and examined population demographics of T. pullus from University Lake, NC. Toxolasma pullus appears to be a long-term brooder, brooding into August. Hybrid bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus × L. cyanellus) are suitable hosts for T. pullus, however, other Lepomis species may also serve as hosts. The sex ratio of the population was 1:1. Most specimens of T. pullus were between 4 and 6 years old; the oldest specimen was 9 years of age. Predation by muskrats and raccoons may be an important source of mortality in University Lake.