Primula filchnerae R. Knuth, an endangered species from Shaanxi Province, China, was previously believed to be extinct in the wild. Two wild populations were rediscovered in Hubei Province in 2006, only one of which is extant with fewer than 100 individuals. Since the original holotype of P. filchnerae was destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin Herbarium, a neotype (X. W. Li 150311 at HIB) is designated here with an emended description of the species.