Stauffer, F., L. Ramella, E. Ferreira & L. Noblick (2016). Lectotypification of names proposed by J. Barbosa Rodrigues in the publication “Palmae novae Paraguayenses”. Candollea 71: 105–115. In Spanish, English and Spanish abstracts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a13

In the frame of the treatment of the family Palmae to be published in the Flora del Paraguay, lectotypes are designated for the following names described by J. Barbosa Rodrigues in the publication “Palmae novae Paraguayenses”: Attalea guaranitica Barb. Rodr., Bactris anisitsii Barb. Rodr., Cocos paraguayensis Barb. Rodr. and Cocos sapida Barb. Rodr. The latter is here proposed as a new synonym of the widely distributed South-eastern Brazil - Southern Cone palm Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman. The fate of the important palm collection gathered by Barbosa Rodrigues is here discussed and notes on the palms described in the publication are added in order to better define their taxonomic identity.

Phillipson, P.B. & L. Allorge (2016). A remarkable new species of Clerodendrum L. (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 71 : 117–126. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a14

A species new to science is formally described and named as Clerodendrum kamhyoae Phillipson & Allorge. It is the third species of Clerodendrum L. (Lamiaceae) to be described from Madagascar that combines a long slender corolla tube with cauliflory, attributes that are uncommon in the genus. The prolific production of flowers along the trunk of the new species is quite extraordinary. Its possible relationships with other species of the genus are discussed and certain aspects of its reproductive biology are described. We provide line drawings, photographs and a distribution map for the new species, as well as an assessment of its conservation status using IUCN Categories and Criteria.

Stevens, W.D., J.-N. Labat & F. Barthelat (2016). Two new species of Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae from Mayotte. Candollea 71:127–134. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a15

Two new species endemic to Mayotte are described and illustrated : Marsdenia mayottae W.D. Stevens, Labat & Barthelat and Tylophora mayottae W.D. Stevens, Labat & Barthelat (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). Marsdenia mayottae is similar to Marsdenia vohiborensis Choux from Madagascar but differs by its very small or sometimes absent corona. Tylophora mayottae is morphologically close to Tylophora coriacea Marais but differs by its much smaller flowers. These two new species, discovered in during recent inventories, are assessed as threaten following the Categories and the Criteria of the IUCN Red List.

Scherberich, D. & J.Duruisseau (2016). Begonia henrilaportei Scherber. & J. Duruisseau (Begoniaceae), a new endemic species from the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Candollea 71 : 13–18. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a3

Begonia henrilaportei Scherber. & J. Duruisseau, new species of Begoniaceae from the Masoala peninsula, in north-east Madagascar, is described and illustrated. It is provisionally placed in section Nerviplacentaria A. DC. and compared with Begonia lyallii A. DC. with which it presents morphological affinities. It is also compared with Begonia nana L'Hér. and Begonia bogneri Ziesenh. with which it has been mistaken in herbarium. A comparative table of characters is provided. The new species differs from these three species by having a caulescent habit with a creeping stem and linear-lanceolate blades with pinnate venation. The diagnostic characters, geographic distribution and a preliminary conservation assessment of the new species using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria are presented.

Luino I., M.W. Callmander, O. Poncy, S. Da-Giau & L. Gautier (2016). A new Pararistolochia Hutch. & Dalziel (Aristolochiaceae) from the Beanka tsingy (western Madagascar). Candollea 71 : 135–141. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http ://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a16

Pararistolochia Hutc. & Dalziel (Aristolochiaceae) is a genus that comprised about 35 species known until present from continental Africa and Australasia. Two recent inventories carried in the limestone massif of Beanka in western Madagascar have led to the detection of a new species that we describe here as Pararistolochia enricoi Luino, L. Gaut. & Callm. This impressive liana is until today the only malagasy representative of the genus. The deciduous habit, together with the two-lobed perianth and the presence of trichomes covering most parts of the plant are exclusive characters that clearly distinguish Pararistolochia enricoi within the genus. The new species is provided with a preliminary risk assessment of its conservation status based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Rakotondrainibe, F. & A. Jouy (2016). A new species and a new synonymy in the genus Selaginella P. Beauv. (Lycopodiophyta, Selaginellaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 71: 143–148. In French, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a17

A new Malagasy species of Selaginella P. Beauv. (Lycopodiophyta, Selaginellaceae) is described and a new synonymy in the same genus is established. The new species Selaginella rasoloheryi Rakotondr. belongs to the subgenus Heterostachys Baker; it differs from all other Africano-Malagasy species of this subgenus by the main stem being prostrated throughout its entire length, without soboles, with rhizophores and ramifications unbranched, and with median leaves strongly acuminate. Selaginella rasolohery has a close affinity to Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring, an asiatic and oceanic species, but differs from it by more pronounced leaf dimorphism in both vegetative and fertile shoots, median leaves longer acuminate, strobili less compact and lateral sporophyll carina narrow and dentate (vs. carina large and ciliate in Selaginella ciliaris). The new synonymy between Selaginella fissidentoides (Hook. & Grev.) Spring f.fissidentoides and Selaginella fissidentoides f. ovata Stefanović & Rakotondr. is established after observation of numerous Malagasy specimens recently collected between 1997 and 2015 after the publication of the first Selaginella revision for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.

Castillon, J.-P. & J.-B. Castillon (2016). About forgotten names in the genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 71 : 149–158. In French, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a18

Errors in the interpretation of some names in Malagasy Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) are corrected here. Euphorbia subapoda Baill., who was erroneously considered as a synonym of Euphorbia primulifolia Baker, is reinstated, with Euphorbia quartziticola Leandri as synonym. The identity of the poorly known Euphorbia physoclada is also elucidated following a better understanding of its type locality. A description and photographs are provided for the first time. At last, it is shown that Euphorbia francoisii Leandri is a synonym of Euphorbia decaryi Guillaumin and that the plant currently known as Euphorbia decaryi is in fact Euphorbia boiteaui Leandri. In consequence, new combinations are proposed for varieties described under Euphorbia francoisii and Euphorbia decaryi.

Daly, D.C., J. Raharimampionona & S. Federman (2016). New names for two Malagasy species of Canarium L. (Burseraceae). Candollea 71 : 159–160. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a19

New names are provided for two recently described Malagasy species of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) for which the epithets proved to be later homonyms of already published taxa. These new names are Canarium fugax Daly, Raharim. & Federman, and Canarium lobocarpum Daly, Raharim. & Federman.

Du Pasquier, P.-E. & D. Jeanmonod (2016). Lectotypification of three species of Silene sect. Italicae (Rohrb.) Schischk. (Caryophyllaceae). Candollea 71: 19–22. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a4

Lectotypes are designated in Boissier's Flora Orientalis herbarium for Silene astartes C.I. Blanche ex Boiss., Silene galataea Boiss. and Silenea splendens Boiss., three species belonging to Silene sect. Italicae (Rohrb.) Schischk. (Caryophyllaceae). An authorship ambiguity about Silene astartes is also resolved.

Manudev, K.M. & S. Nampy (2016). Lectotypification of Arisaema consanguineum Schott (Araceae). Candollea 71: 23–26. In English, English abstract. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a5

The genus Arisaema Mart. is the largest genus of Araceae in India with 48 species and 13 infraspecific taxa. While updating the nomenclature of the genus in India, the authors found ambiguity in the typification of Arisaema consanguineum Schott. The designation of authentic type material by earlier authors was not satisfying. Therefore, a lectotype is designated here on a Joseph Dalton Hooker collection from Sikkim in India preserved at CAL.

Received: April 13, 2015; Accepted: December 16, 2015; First published online: March 14, 2016

Moraes R., M. & J.-C. Pintaud (2016). Attalea blepharopus Mart. (Arecaceae) from Bolivia revisited since Martius. Candollea 71: 27–32. In English, English abstract. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a6

Populations in Bolivia of an Attalea Kunth species (Arecaceae) with regularly spaced pinnae were historically assigned to Attalea butyracea (Mutis) Wess. Boer, which also occurs in Colombia, western Venezuela and northern Ecuador. During a recent fieldtrip to the Chapare province in Cochabamba department (central Bolivia), we visited the Yuracaré people's territory that Alcide d'Orbigny mentioned as harboring a large and distinct palm, Attalea blepharopus Mart. Based on its morphology, we recognize the species as distinct from Attalea butyracea and designate a lectotype based on the original illustrations and an epitype based on a recent complete collection. The species is described in details and illustrated with photographs for the first time.

Received: November 2, 2015; Accepted: December 16, 2015; First published online: March 14, 2016

Applequist, W.L. (2016). A revision of the Malagasy Species of Homalium Sect. Eumyriantheia Warb. (Salicaceae). Candollea 71: 33–60. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a7

Homalium sect. Eumyriantheia Warb. (Salicaceae) is the largest and most widespread fasciculate-stamened section of Homalium Jacq. Though the section is markedly heterogeneous, the Malagasy species appear to form a natural group. A new revisionary treatment of these species is presented and an identification key is provided.Fifteen species are recognized, of which five, i.e. Homalium dorrii Appleq., Homalium pseudoboinense Appleq., Homalium randrianasoloi Appleq., Homalium ranomafanicum Appleq., and Homalium schatzii Appleq., are newly described. Occasional hybridization is observed. Most species are endangered.

Fernández-Alonso, J.L. & Á. Cogollo-Pacheco (2016). Chionanthus abriaquiensis Fern. Alonso & Cogollo (Oleaceae), a new species from Columbia. Candollea 71: 61–66. In Spanish, English and Spanish abstracts.

Chionanthus abriaquiensis Fern. Alonso & Cogollo (Oleaceae), a new species from the cloud forests of Colombia, is described and illustrated. This species clearly differs from the previously known Chionanthus L. in Mesoamerica and Northern South America for the long petiolate leaves, the number of secondary veins on the blades, and very long axillary inflorescences. An identification key for the species of Chionanthus from Northern South America and Panama is also presented.

Snow, N., J.W. Dawson, M.W. Callmander, K. Gandhi & J. Munzinger (2016). New species, new combinations, and lectotypifications in New Caledonian Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae). Candollea 71: 67–81. In English, English and French abstracts.

Five new species of Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) are proposed from New Caledonia: Eugenia amosensis N. Snow, Eugenia homedeboana N. Snow, Eugenia sicifolia J.W. Dawson & N. Snow, Eugenia tchambaensis J.W. Dawson & N. Snow, and Eugenia tiwakaensis J.W. Dawson & N. Snow. The new species are provided with detailed species descriptions, digital images, comments on morphology and ecology, and conservation assessments following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. The following new combinations are proposed: Eugenia gomonenensis (Guillaumin) J.W. Dawson & N. Snow, Eugenia lotoides (Guillaumin) J.W. Dawson & N. Snow, Eugenia styphelioides (Schltr.) J.W. Dawson & N. Snow, and Eugenia poimbailensis (Guillaumin) J.W. Dawson & N. Snow. The new name Eugenia veillonii N. Snow & Callm. is proposed and its basionym is lectotypified. Lectotypes also are designated for Eugenia mendute Guillaumin, Eugenia ovigera Brongn. & Gris, Eugenia horizontalis Pancher ex Brongn. & Gris and its synonym Myrtus aemulans Schltr., as well as for Myrtus gomonenensis Guillaumin, basionym of Eugenia gomonenensis.

Di Gristina, E., G. Gottschlich & F.M. Raimondo (2016). Pilosella hoppeana subsp. sicula Di Grist., Gottschl. & Raimondo (Asteraceae), a new endemic subspecies from Sicily (Italy). Candollea 71: 7–12. In English, English abstract. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a2

Pilosella hoppeana subsp. sicula Di Grist., Gottschl. & Raimondo (Asteraceae), a new endemic subspecies from the Madonie and Nebrodi Mountains (Sicily, Italy), is described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to Pilosella hoppeana subsp. macrantha (Ten.) S. Bräut. & Greuter, but the two subspecies can be distinguished by the indument on the bracts. Its morphology, distribution, ecology, taxonomic relationships are commented and a key to the Pilosella hoppeana (Schult.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. aggregate is provided.

Received: October 16, 2014; Accepted: September 9, 2015; First published online: March 14, 2016

Low, Y.W., D. Scherberich & G. Gusman. Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae), a new threatened species endemic to the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia). Candollea 71: 83–89. In English, English abstract.

Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae) is described as new and illustrated. The new species is similar to Arisaema anomalum Hemsl. but differs by the morphology of its spathe. It is placed under Arisaema sect. Anomalum Gusman & L. Gusman based on morphological and growth characters, the latter observed in the field and unique to that section. Arisaema brinchangense is endemic to the Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, and is assessed as “Critically Endangered” following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria due to habitat loss.

Received: January 26, 2016; Accepted: March 2, 2016; First published online: March 31, 2016

Miller, J.S., P.P. Lowry II, J. Aronson, S. Blackmore, K. Havens & J. Maschinski (2016). Conserving biodiversity through ecological restoration : the potential contributions of botanical gardens and arboreta. Candollea 71 : 91–98. In English, English abstract.

In the face of ever-increasing destruction and degradation of ecosystems and landscapes worldwide, there is critical and growing need for ecological restoration to maintain both biodiversity and the quality and quantity of ecosystem services. The term holistic restoration has been used for efforts with these dual goals. Botanical gardens and arboreta often have the full range of skills and resources needed to accomplish ecological restoration, including the ability to identify the appropriate species composition of reference ecosystems, to plan and design succession strategies, to propagate and cultivate trees and other plants for successful reintroduction, to monitor the success of restoration, and to play an important role in education and capacity building and serve as advocates for ecological restoration as part of a new paradigm of sustainability.

Received: February 2, 2016; Accepted: March 9, 2016; First published online: March 31, 2016

Mouly, A. (2016). A new species of Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae) on mining land, micro-endemic of the Poum Massif (New Caledonia). Candollea 71: 99–104. In French, English and French abstracts.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a12

A new species of Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae, Chiococceae) endemic to New Caledonia is described and illustrated. Thiollierea laureana Mouly belongs to the group of species with red and/or yellow flowers. This new taxon is morphologically close to Thiollierea neriifolia (Brongn.) Barrabé & Mouly but differs by its large oblanceolate leaves, solitary flower borne on a short peduncle lacking leafy bracts, and an hypanthium fluted by 10 discrete linear semi-cylindrical ribs. Thiollierea laureana is a New Caledonian micro-endemic, found only on the small ultramafic Poum massif, located at the northern tip of the largest island, Grande Terre. The new species is assessed as “Critically Endangered” using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.