Englerocharis cuzcoensis Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae), a new species from the Peruvian department of Cuzco, is described and illustrated. It is easily distinguished from the closely related E. ancashensis Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano & Trinidad by having caducous sepals, ciliate leaf bases, 24 to 32 ovules/seeds per ovary/fruit, and long-sericeous trichomes 0.9–1.5 mm long. The novelty is readily separated from other congeners by having caducous sepals and yellow petals. A synopsis and a key distinguishing the six species of Englerocharis Muschl. are presented.

The Iranian Lepidium pabotii Al-Shehbaz, Peruvian L. arequipa Al-Shehbaz, and Bolivian L. lapazianum Al-Shehbaz & S. G. Beck, L. linearilobum Al-Shehbaz, and L. stephan-beckii Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae) are described and illustrated. Their relationships to nearest relatives and means of distinguishing them are discussed.

The new combinations Acuston perenne (Mill.) Mabb. & Al-Shehbaz and A. perenne subsp. obovatum (Boiss. & Kotschy) Mabb.& Al-Shehbaz are proposed. The nomenclatural history, images of relevant types, and detailed descriptions of Acuston Raf. and A. perenne are provided for the first time.

The nomenclaturally correct names of two specific epithets of the economically important Thinopyrum Á . Löve, related to bread wheat, are given and explained.

A new species of Alectryon Gaertn. (Sapindaceae) endemic to the Fijian archipelago is described as A. vitiensis Buerki, Lowry, Munzinger & Callm. based on morphological and molecular evidence. It can easily be distinguished from the two congeners currently known from Fiji by its smaller leaves, subsessile leaflets, apetalous flowers, and crested fruits. A phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequence data shows that the new species is closely related to two Australian endemics, A. diversifolius (F. Muell.) S. T. Reynolds and A. oleifolius (Desf.) S. T. Reynolds, but differs in having compound leaves covered with a golden indument. Moreover, the Australian taxa are associated with dry habitats, whereas the new species from Fiji is confined to evergreen humid forests. Among apetalous species (all of which belong to a well-supported clade), A. vitiensis morphologically most closely resembles the generic type, A. excelsus Gaertn., endemic to New Zealand, but they differ from one another in the type of indument covering their branches and leaves and the arrangement, shape, and nature of the indument on their leaflets; and they belong to different clades. The new species is provisionally assigned a conservation status of “Endangered” according to the IUCN Red List criteria.

A new species of Delphinium L., D. callichromum Q. L. Gan & X. W. Li, from Hubei, China, is described and illustrated. It belongs to Delphinium sect. Anthriscifolium W. T. Wang, which now includes two species: D. callichromum and D. anthriscifolium Hance. Both species are similar in having pinnately divided leaves, petals broadest above the midpoint, and racemose inflorescences. Delphinium callichromum differs from D. anthriscifolium in its densely long-pilose stems, racemes with more flowers, red-brown immature anthers, oblong staminode limb with a prominent midvein, and sepals with a long claw.

Senecio L. subsect. Radiati Cabrera, an illegitimate name, is replaced with the name Senecio subser. Polyphylli Giuliano, M. P. Hernández & S. E. Freire, nom. nov.; the epithet of the replacement name refers to the type species of this subsection, S. polyphyllus Kunze ex DC. The epithet Radiati was previously published by Bentham to designate a series of Senecio.

The infraspecific taxon Vriesea gradata Mez var. bicolor E. Pereira & I. A. Penna is elevated to the rank of species and given the new name V. fluviatilis Kessous & A. F. Costa, and the taxonomy and geographical distribution of this species are discussed.

ThenameParaphlomis hispida (Lamiaceae), proposed by C. Y. Wu, was originally described from Yunnan, China, but was not validly published because the author simultaneously cited three gatherings without indicating the holotype in the protologue. The name is validated here by designating C. W. Wang 83872 as the holotype of P. hispida C. Y. Wu.

Typhonium thatsonense Luu & H. T. Van (Araceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the That Son Mountains, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. It most closely resembles T. supraneeae A. Galloway, Petra Schmidt & Sinhab. in its trifoliolate leaves and general appearance of the inflorescence but differs in many leaf and floral characters.

The name Onopordum arabicum Podlech is illegitimate because there exists an earlier homonym. A new name, O. podlechii Negaresh, is proposed for O. arabicum Podlech.

Three previously unrecognized species of Quercus L. from Mexico and Central America are named and described here: Q. breedloveana Nixon & Barrie, Q. sarahmariae Nixon & Barrie, and Q. melissae Nixon & Barrie. Additionally, a lectotype is designated for the name Q. acutifolia Née, thereby stabilizing its application.

Four new species of Gentianella Moench (Gentianaceae, Gentianeae, Swertiinae) are described from Peru. Gentianella bussmannii J. S. Pringle, from Amazonas Department, is characterized by nodding flowers with red corollas 20–50 mm, with the lobes about as long as or slightly shorter than the tube, and linear, apically acuminate leaves densely spaced proximally, gradually more widely spaced distally. Gentianella empetroides J. S. Pringle, from La Libertad Department, is similar to G. quipuscoana J. S. Pringle, differing in its glabrous stems, smaller leaves, and larger flowers in more compact clusters. Gentianella nephostelium J. S. Pringle, from Amazonas Department, is characterized by a stout stem with a persistent basal rosette of thick leaves and numerous flowers with white, campanulate corollas, proximally with purple veins, 18–25 mm, with obovate lobes ca. 3 times as long as the tube. Gentianella yanachagensis J. S. Pringle, from Pasco Department, is probably gynomonoecious, at least in the larger plants, and is characterized by creeping, vinelike stems, widely spaced, lanceolate leaves, and flowers with white to pale violet corollas 8–16 mm, with the lobes slightly shorter than the tube. The taxonomic history of Gentianella, including its distinction from related genera, exclusions based on phylogenetic studies, and infrageneric divisions that have been proposed, is reviewed.

We describe Carex socotrana Rěpka & Maděra, a new endemic species found in the Hajhir Mountains on Socotra Island. It differs from the morphologically similar African continental species C. steudneri Boeckeler in having a shorter stem, smaller leaf length and width, completely smooth leaf blades and margins, and pistillate scales without a whitish membranous margin and with distinctive awns at the apex. The spike clusters are smaller and more scattered on the stem, and the perigynium and its beak are smaller than in C. steudneri. So far only one small and one large population have been found near the highest mountain peak, Mount Scand. The new taxon is 1370 km from the closest known site of C. steudneri.

An undescribed species of Phaleria Jack from Sulawesi has been uncovered during ongoing herbarium studies of Thymelaeaceae and is still only known from the type. The species, P. stevensiana Z. S. Rogers, is endemic to a single limestone mountain in South Sulawesi and assigned a preliminary IUCN conservation status of Critically Endangered (CR). Morphologically, it is easily distinguished from the widespread P. octandra (L.) Baill. and P. capitata Jack by its linear-lanceolate leaves (length:width ratios ca. 11–20:1) and distinctive venation pattern, composed of ca. 29 to 35 pairs of secondary veins that diverge from the midrib of the blade at ± 90° angles; the contrasted species have much broader leaves with substantially fewer secondaries. Variation in other characters related to inflorescences, flowers, and fruits is also discussed, as is their taxonomic value. Moreover, all four species of Phaleria occurring in Sulawesi are allopatric, separated geographically and ecologically. The new species, overlooked in several herbaria since 1980, raises the number of Sulawesian Thymelaeaceae species to 10 and the total number of Phaleria species to ca. 25.

Diptychandra granadillo C. Romero & Arbeláez (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Caesalpinieae) is described, illustrated, and compared with its most closely related species D. aurantiaca Tul. Diptychandra granadillo constitutes a new endemic species from the eastern Antioquia Department in the Central Cordillera of Colombia and represents the second species described within the genus Diptychandra, which was previously known only fromthe seasonally dry forests and the Chaco of Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Diptychandra granadillo differs fromD. aurantiaca by its larger habit, lack of canescent indumentum, larger leaflets, inflorescences in congested conical racemes, longer staminal filaments, and larger fruits and seeds.

The following new combination in Campanulaceae is proposed: Downingia ornatissima Greene var. mirabilis (J. T. Howell) Schultheis & Zarucchi.

Viburnum obtectum H. Vargas and V. stipitatum H. Vargas are described as new species. They differ from all other Ecuadorian species of Viburnum L. by having marginal teeth along the whole margin of the leaves, while such teeth in other species are restricted to either the basal or apical half of the leaf. Differences between the two new species are expressed particularly on the abaxial leaf surface. Viburnum obtectum is extremely densely pubescent; the indument completely obscures the abaxial leaf surface, and the stellate trichomes are almost always sessile. Viburnum stipitatum has a visible abaxial leaf surface, with long-stalked stellate trichomes having a forest-like appearance. A key to the Viburnum species in Ecuador is provided, as well as illustrations of the new proposed species.

A new species of the genus Lagochilus Bunge ex Benth. from Iran and Turkmenistan, L. khorassanicus Zeraatkar, F. Ghahrem. & Joharchi, is described and illustrated here. The new species most closely resembles L. schugnanicus Knorring of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the mountain ranges of Central Asia. It is easily differentiated from other species of the Flora Iranica area by the bracteole morphology and number of flowers in verticillasters. A key to the species of that area and a distribution map of the new species and its relatives are provided.