Preliminary results for the artisanal fisheries of Octopus cyanea Gray (1849) in Tanzania are provided for the period April 2000 until June 2001. A total of 2546 individual catches and 15473 specimens were analyzed from 3 sites located at Tanga, Mafia Island, and Mtwara. Size range, average weight and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were all significantly lower at Tanga and Mtwara compared to Mafia indicating that the former sites may be overfished. Abundance of smaller individuals was higher at Tanga and Mtwara, but overall biomass was lower. Octopi at each site exhibited allometric growth as indicated by analyses of the length-weight relationships. Females become sexually mature at a minimum weight of 600 g while for males the minimum weight was 320 g. Higher numbers of mature individuals were found in June of both years and correlate with peaks in the gonosomatic index. Recruitment peaked a few months after brooding periods. Sex ratios indicate females may be more prone to capture during brooding periods. Reasons for differences between sites are discussed.