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1 November 2011 Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management
Britas Klemens Eriksson, Katrin Sieben, Johan Eklöf, Lars Ljunggren, Jens Olsson, Michele Casini, Ulf Bergström
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Abstract

By mainly targeting larger predatory fish, commercial fisheries have indirectly promoted rapid increases in densities of their prey; smaller predatory fish like sprat, stickleback and gobies. This process, known as mesopredator release, has effectively transformed many marine offshore basins into mesopredator-dominated ecosystems. In this article, we discuss recent indications of trophic cascades on the Atlantic and Baltic coasts of Sweden, where increased abundances of mesopredatory fish are linked to increased nearshore production and biomass of ephemeral algae. Based on synthesis of monitoring data, we suggest that offshore exploitation of larger predatory fish has contributed to the increase in mesopredator fish also along the coasts, with indirect negative effects on important benthic habitats and coastal water quality. The results emphasize the need to rebuild offshore and coastal populations of larger predatory fish to levels where they regain their control over lower trophic levels and important links between offshore and coastal systems are restored.

© Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2011
Britas Klemens Eriksson, Katrin Sieben, Johan Eklöf, Lars Ljunggren, Jens Olsson, Michele Casini, and Ulf Bergström "Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management," AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 40(7), 786-797, (1 November 2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0158-0
Received: 21 December 2010; Accepted: 13 May 2011; Published: 1 November 2011
JOURNAL ARTICLE
12 PAGES

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KEYWORDS
Baltic Sea
COD
Commercial fisheries
Human transformation
mesopredator release
Swedish coast
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