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1 June 2016 Daily and Seasonal Variation in Non-Acoustic Communicative Behaviors of Male Greater Short-Nosed Fruit Bats (Cynopterus sphinx)
D. Paramanantha Swami Doss, Venkatesh Nagarajan-Radha, Sripathi Kandula
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Abstract

Monthly observations were made at a natural roosting site of Cynopterus sphinx, with a view to the behavior of males being observed over a period of one year. Here, we report seasonal, daily and inter-individual variation in three communicative behaviors engaged in by male bats. The frequency of male behaviors identified as scent-marking, vigorous wing-flapping and the making of an openwing gesture were found to vary seasonally, depending on the reproductive status of conspecific females in the study colony. The duration of scent-marking was markedly high during mating seasons, in comparison with wing-flapping and wing-gesturing. In mating seasons, the pattern to the daily variation in behavior correlated strongly with the gender of the responder present in the diurnal roost and/or colony. For instance, scent-marking and vigorous wing-flapping were more frequent during late-evening and early-morning hours, mostly when females were absent from the day roost, while male-male encounters were possible. In contrast, wing-gesturing was more frequent during morning and early-evening hours, when females were present in the day roost. The results from our study suggest that male scent-marking and wing-flapping are directed towards competitor males in the colony, with a view to resource-defense behavior being manifested. Furthermore, male wing-gesturing is predicted to be directed towards co-roosting females, with the aim in this case being for some form of social information to be communicated, particularly during the mating season. However, marginal inter-individual variation in the frequency of occurrence of behaviors between seasons was apparent, suggesting that these communicative behaviors could be tied to male-male competition in this species.

© Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS
D. Paramanantha Swami Doss, Venkatesh Nagarajan-Radha, and Sripathi Kandula "Daily and Seasonal Variation in Non-Acoustic Communicative Behaviors of Male Greater Short-Nosed Fruit Bats (Cynopterus sphinx)," Acta Chiropterologica 18(1), 199-207, (1 June 2016). https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.1.010
Received: 7 September 2015; Accepted: 1 January 2016; Published: 1 June 2016
KEYWORDS
communicative behavior
mate competition
resource defence
scent marking
sociality
wing gesturing
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