Open Access
How to translate text using browser tools
1 December 2002 Directionality of Drinking Passes by Bats at Water Holes: is there Cooperation?
Rick A. Adams, James A. Simmons
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

In 2000 and 2001, we used an infrared imaging system to film the drinking behaviors of bats at high-use water holes outside Boulder, Colorado. We recorded for two hours on each of four nights at two water hole sites, Stockton Cabin (SC) and Bear Creek (BC), known to be high in bat visitation and small enough to allow filming of the entire hole from a single position. A total of 855 drinking passes was observed: 417 and 438 in SC and BC, respectively. Of these, 814, or 95.2%, of all drinking passes occurred from a particular directional pathway (dominant approach pathway) at each site, with a mere 1.3% occurring from the immediately opposite direction, and 3.5% occurring from a direction convergent with, but not opposite to, the dominant approach path. At both sites, the direction of the dominant approach path was against stream-flow. The strict directionality of drinking passes portrayed at the water's surface was in stark contrast to activity above the water hole where no directionality of flight could be discerned, even when dozens of bats were circling together. We hypothesize that bats use unidirectional coordination of drinking passes to lessen the chance of collisions and/or to avoid the energetic expense of collision avoidance.

LITERATURE CITED

1.

Y. Barak , and Y. Yom-Tov . 1989. The advantage of group hunting in Kuhl's bat, Pipistrellus kuhli (Microchiroptera). Journal of Zoology (London), 219: 670–675. Google Scholar

2.

G. P. Bell 1980. Habitat use and response to patches of prey by desert insectivorous bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58: 1876–1883. Google Scholar

3.

J. W. Bradbury , and S. L. Vehrencamp . 1976. Social organization and foraging in emballonurid bats. I. Field studies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1: 337–381. Google Scholar

4.

A. R. C. Britton , and G. Jones . 1999. Echolocation behaviour and prey-capture success in foraging bats: laboratory and field experiments on Myotis daubentonii. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 202: 1793–1801. Google Scholar

5.

P. D. Dwyer 1970. Foraging behavior of the Australian large-footed Myotis (Chiroptera). Mammalia, 34: 76–80. Google Scholar

6.

M. B. Fenton , and G. K. Morris . 1976. Opportunistic feeding by desert bats (Myotis spp.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 54: 526–530. Google Scholar

7.

B. G. Galef Jr . 1988. Imitation in animals: history, definition, and interpretation of data from the physiological laboratory. Pp. 3–28, in Social learning: psychological and biological perspectives ( T. R. Zentall and B. G. Galef, Jr., eds). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, 368 pp. Google Scholar

8.

C. L. Gaudet , and M. B. Fenton . 1984. Observational learning in three species of insectivorous bats (Chiroptera). Animal Behavior, 32: 385–388. Google Scholar

9.

D. J. Howell 1979. Flock foraging in nectar-feeding bats: advantages to the bats and to the host plants. American Naturalist, 114: 23–49. Google Scholar

10.

G. Jones 2000. The ontogeny of behavior in bats: a functional perspective. Pp. 362–392, in Ontogeny, functional ecology, and evolution of bats ( R. A. Adams and S. C. Pedersen, eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 398 pp. Google Scholar

11.

G. Kerth , and B. König . 1999. Fission, fusion and nonrandom associations in female Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii). Behaviour, 136: 1187–1202. Google Scholar

12.

I. Sazima , and M. Sazima . 1977. Solitary and group foraging: two flower-visiting patterns of the lesser spear-nosed bat, Phyllostomus discolor. Biotropica, 9: 213–215. Google Scholar

13.

B. J. Siemers , P. Stilz , and H.-U. Schnitzler . 2001. The acoustic advantages of hunting at low heights above water: behavioural experiments on the European ‘trawling’ bats Myotis capaccinii, M. dasycneme and M. daubentonii. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 204: 3843–3854. Google Scholar

14.

M. Tokeshi 1999. Species coexistence: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, 464 pp. Google Scholar

15.

G. E. Wilkinson 1985. The social organization of the common vampire bat. I. Pattern and cause of association. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 17: 111–121. Google Scholar

16.

G. E. Wilkinson 1987. Altruism and co-operation in bats. Pp. 299–323, in Recent advances in the study of bats ( P. A. Racey, M. B. Fenton, and J. M. V. Rayner, eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 470 pp. Google Scholar

17.

G. E. Wilkinson 1992. Information transfer at evening bat colonies. Animal Behavior, 44: 501–518. Google Scholar

18.

G. E. Wilkinson 1995. Information transfer in bats. Pp. 345–361, in Ecology, evolution and behavior of bats ( P. A. Racey and S. M. Swift, eds.). Oxford University Press, New York, 421 pp. Google Scholar
© Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS
Rick A. Adams and James A. Simmons "Directionality of Drinking Passes by Bats at Water Holes: is there Cooperation?," Acta Chiropterologica 4(2), 195-199, (1 December 2002). https://doi.org/10.3161/001.004.0211
Received: 6 May 2002; Accepted: 12 July 2002; Published: 1 December 2002
KEYWORDS
bats
behavior
Colorado
COOPERATION
water resources
Back to Top