In a survey of bats from La Rioja (Spain), several specimens of the mystacinus group were captured at different mountain localities. Genetic and morphologic analyses have revealed the presence of two lineages within this group in La Rioja. The lineages have been identified as corresponding to two different species: Myotis mystacinus sensu stricto and the recently described M. alcathoe. Both species were found using the same nocturnal refugia (caves) and the same forest habitats. This study extends the distribution of M. alcathoe west and southwards and adds a new mammal species to the Iberian fauna.
LITERATURE CITED
P. T. Agirre-Mendi
2002.
Myotis mystacina (Kuhl, 1817), Murciélago ratonero bigotudo. Pp. 162–165,
in
Atlas de los Mamíferos terrestres de España (
L. J. Palomo
and
J. Gisbert
, eds.). Dirección General de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, SECEM-SECEMU, Madrid, 564 pp. Google Scholar
J. R. Aihartza
2001. Quirópteros de Araba, Bizkaia y Guipuzkoa: distribución, ecología y conservación. Ph.D. Thesis, Basque Country University, Leioa, 336 pp. Google Scholar
E. M. Barratt
,
R. Deaville
,
T. M. Burland
,
M. W. Bruford
,
G. Jones
,
P. A. Racey
, and
R. K. Wayne
.
1997. DNA answers the call of pipistrelle bats species. Nature, 387: 138–139. Google Scholar
P. Benda
, and
K. A. Tsytsulina
.
2000. Taxonomic revision of Myotis mystacinus group (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the western Palearctic. Acta Societas Zoologica Bohemica, 64: 331–398. Google Scholar
P. Benda
,
M. Ruedi
, and
M. Uhrin
.
2003. First record of Myotis alcathoe (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Slovakia. Folia Zoologica, 52: 359–365. Google Scholar
V. Castella
,
M. Ruedi
,
L. Excoffier
,
C. Ibáñez
,
R. Arlettaz
, and
J. Hausser
.
2000. Is the Gibraltar Strait a barrier to gene flow for the bat Myotis myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)? Molecular Ecology, 9: 1761–1772. Google Scholar
R. Fernández
, and
C. Ibáñez
.
1989. Patterns of distribution of bats in the Iberian peninsula. Pp. 357–361,
in
European bat research 1987 (
V. Hanák
,
I. Horáček
and
J. Gaisler
, eds.).
Charles University Press, Praha, 718 pp. Google Scholar
R. Fernández
,
L. Lopo
, and
R. Rodriguez
.
1989. Mapa forestal de La Rioja. Estudios Monográficos lnstituto de Estudios Riojanos, 18: 1–72. Google Scholar
J. Fernández-Gutiérrez
2002. Los murciélagos en Castilla y León. Atlas de distribución y tamaño de poblaciones. Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Valladolid, 343 pp. Google Scholar
I. Garin
,
J. L. García-Mudarra
,
J. R. Aihartza
,
U. Goiti
, and
J. Juste
.
2003. Presence of Plecotus macrobullaris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Pyrenees. Acta Chiropterologica, 5: 243–250. Google Scholar
R. Gerell
1999a.
Myotis brandtii (Eversmann, 1845). Pp. 104–105,
in
The atlas of European mammals (
A. J. Mtchelll-Jones
,
G. Amori
,
W. Bogdanowicz
,
B. Kryštufek
,
P. J. H. Reijnders
,
F. Spitzenberger
,
M. Stubbe
,
J. B. M. Thissen
,
V. Vohralík
and
J. Zima
, eds.).
Academic Press, London, xi + 484 pp. Google Scholar
R. Gerell
1999b.
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817). Pp. 116–117,
in
The atlas of European mammals (
A. J. Mitchelll-Jones
,
G. Amori
,
W. Bogdanowicz
,
B. Kryštufek
,
P. J. H. Reijnders
,
F. Spitzenberger
,
M. Stubbe
,
J. B. M. Thissen
,
V. Vohralík
and
J. Zima
, eds.).
Academic Press, London, xi + 484 pp. Google Scholar
V. Hanák
1965. Zur Systematic der Bartfledermaus Myotis mystacinus Kuhl, 1819 und über das Vorkommen von Myotis ikonikovi Ognev, 1912 in Europa. Věstník Ccaron;eskoslovenské Společnosti Zoologické, 29: 353–367. Google Scholar
O. Von Helversen
,
K.-G Heller
,
F. Mayer
,
A. Nemeth
,
M. Volleth
, and
P. Gombkötö
.
2001. Cryptic mammalian species: a new species of whiskered bat (Myotis alcathoe n. sp.) in Europe. Naturwissenschaften, 88: 217–223. Google Scholar
G. M. Hewitt
1999. Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 68: 87–112. Google Scholar
R. Higuchi
,
C. H. Von Beroldingen
,
G. F. Sensabaugh
, and
H. A. Erlich
.
1988. DNA typing from hairs. Nature, 332: 543–546. Google Scholar
C. Ibáñez
,
A. Guillén
,
R. Fernández
,
J. L. Pérez
, and
S. I. Guerrero
.
1992. Iberian distribution of some little known bat species. Mammalia, 56: 433–144. Google Scholar
J. Juste
,
C. Ibáñez
,
J. Muñoz
,
D. Trujillo
,
P. Benda
,
A. KarataŞ
. and
M. Ruedi
.
2004. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the long-eared bats (Plecotus) in the Mediterranean Palaearctic and Atlantic Islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31: 1114–1126. Google Scholar
A. Kiefer
,
F. Mayer
,
J. Kosuch
,
O. Von Helversen
, and
M. Veith
.
2002. Conflicting molecular phylogenies of European long-eared bats (Plecotus) can be explained by cryptic diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 25: 557–566. Google Scholar
S. Kumar
,
K. Tamura
,
I. B. Jakobsen
, and
M. Nei
2001. MEGA2: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. Google Scholar
T. Maniatis
,
E. F. Fritsh
, and
J. Sambrook
.
1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, USA. Google Scholar
J. Martínez abaigar
,
E. Núñez olivera
, and
R. T. Las Heras
.
1994. Agroclimatología de La Rioja. Biblioteca de Temas Riojanos, IER Logroño, Spain, 155 pp. Google Scholar
F. Mayer
, and
O. Von Helversen
.
2001. Cryptic diversity in European bats. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 268: 1825–1832. Google Scholar
D. Posada
, and
K. A. Crandall
.
1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14: 817–818. Google Scholar
M. Ruedi
, and
V. Castella
.
2003. Genetic consequences of the ice ages on nurseries of the bat Myotis myotis: a mitochondrial and nuclear survey. Molecular Ecology, 12: 1527–1540. Google Scholar
M. Ruedi
, and
F. Mayer
.
2001. Molecular systematics of bats of the genus Myotis (Vespertilionidae) suggests deterministic ecomorphological convergences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 21:436–148. Google Scholar
M. Ruedi
,
P. Jourde
,
P. Giosa
,
M. Barataud
, and
S. Y. Roué
.
2002. DNA reveals the existence of Myotis alcathoe in France (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 109: 643–652. Google Scholar
D. L. Swofford
2000. PAUP*. Phylogenetic anal-ysis using parsimony. Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. Google Scholar
M. Volleth
1987. Differences in the location of nucleolus organizer regions in European vespertilionid bats. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 44: 186–197. Google Scholar
J. Worthington Wilmer
, and
E. Barratt
.
1996. A non-lethal method of tissue sampling for genetics studies of chiropterans. Bat Research News, 37: 1–3. Google Scholar
K. Woutersen
, and
J. J. Bafaluy-Zoriguel
.
2001. Murciélagos del Alto Aragón. K. Woutersen Publicaciones, Huesca, Spain, 144 pp. Google Scholar
