Kainella Walcott, 1925 (Trilobita, Early Ordovician) in Northwestern Argentina and Southern Bolivia. Systematic Paleontology. A taxonomic study is presented involving different species of Kainella from the Central Andean Basin. These early Tremadocian species come from the Santa Rosita, Cardonal, and Devendeus formations, and also from the Guayoc Chico Group; all units lie exposed at numerous localities in the Argentine Cordillera Oriental. Also analyzed are Kainella species from the Iscayachi Formation exposed in the Yunchará Segment in southern Bolivia. A group of eight species is recognized, suggesting a significantly greater diversity than previously assessed. An emmended diagnosis of K. meridionalis Kobayashi is provided, and a lectotype is designated. On this basis, some of the former assignments to this species are now rearranged into the taxa described herein. Complete morphological information is provided on K. andina Suárez Soruco, based on new collections from its type locality (Cuesta de Erquis), and from Argentina. The new species K. teiichii sp. nov., K. morena sp. nov., Kainella sp. nov. A and Kainella sp. nov. B are described and illustrated. Also, K. colombiana Harrington and Kay from the Güéjar Group (Tremadocian-Floian, Sierra de La Macarena, Colombia) is tentatively referred to Naustia Ludvigsen of Late Cambrian age.