Ligularia philanthrax Lazkov & Sennikov sp. nova (Asteraceae) is a new species from Kyrgyzstan, narrowly distributed in the Turkestan Mountain Range. It differs from the most similar species, L. pavlovii (Syrdarya Karatau Mts., Kazakhstan) by having fewer scales at its stem base, oblong-obovate basal and lower cauline leaves with narrow herbaceous sheaths, and by having more numerous longer ligulate flowers. Ligularia philanthrax occurs in the Sülüktü coal mining region and is considered Critically Endangered because of its restricted distribution, anthropogenic impact and a high level of grazing.