Twenty-six species and one subspecies assigned to FilistataLatreille, 1810 are revised. The genus is rediagnosed and redelimited to encompass only 11 species, including three newly described: ♂ F. albenssp. n. (Israel), ♂♀ F. canariensisSchmidt, 1976 (Spain), ♂♀ F. gomerensisWunderlich, 1992 (Spain), ♂♀ F. insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (West Palaearctic), ♂♀ F. lehtineniMarusik & Zonstein, 2014 (Azerbaijan, Iran), ♂ F. lubinaesp. n. (Israel), ♂♀ F. maguirei Marusik & Zamani, 2015 (Iran), ♂♀ F. pseudogomerensisWunderlich, 1992 (Spain), ♂♀ F. pygmaeaZonstein, Marusik & Grabole, 2018 (Portugal), ♂♀ F. teideensisWunderlich, 1992 (Spain), and ♂♀F. wunderlichisp. n. (Spain). Nine species earlier considered in Filistata are transferred to other genera: Labahitha gibsonhilli (Savory, 1943) comb. n., Pholcoides chiardolae (Caporiacco, 1934) comb. n., Pritha hirsuta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) comb. n., Pritha marginata (Kishida, 1936) comb. n., Pritha napadensis (Patel, 1975) comb. n., Tricalamus longiventris (Yaginuma, 1967) comb. n., Tricalamus tarimuensis (Hu & Wu, 1989) comb. n., Tricalamus xizanensis (Hu, Hu & Li, 1987) comb. n., and Zaitunia rufa (Caporiacco, 1934) comb. n. The following seven synonyms are recognized, five of them within the Filistatidae: Filistata delimbataStrand, 1914syn. n. and F. puta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876syn. n. = F. insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775), F. hebraea hebraeaStrand, 1914syn. n. and F. hebraea limbomaculataStrand, 1914syn. n. = Pritha tenuispina (Strand, 1914), F. tenerifensisWunderlich, 1992syn. n. = Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz, 1842); two more synonyms are coupled with other spider families: Filistata dubiaWider, 1834syn. n. = Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833) (Gnaphosidae) and F. truncataRisso, 1826syn. n. = Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772) (Thomisidae). Sahastata bosmansisp. n., based on Filistata puta sensuWunderlich, 1995 (Algeria), is proposed. Since it has been found that Simon's (1864) name Filistatiens (family group name) has priority over Ausserer's (1867) Filistatidae, the correct authorship should be cited as Filistatidae Simon, 1864. Illustrations for all 11 species left in Filistata are provided. Vulvae of four species are illustrated here for the first time. KukulcaniaLehtinen, 1967, earlier known exclusively from the New World, and its type species K. hibernalis (Hentz, 1842), is reported for the first time in the western Palaearctic (Canary Islands) and West Africa (Liberia). An updated diagnosis is provided for subfamilies Filistatinae Simon, 1864 and Prithinae Gray, 1995 and genera belonging to each of them are listed. A tabular key is provided to Filistatinae genera.

The first DNA barcode for the as yet unnamed species of harvestmen known as Leiobunum sp. A is presented, in addition to a preliminary phylogeny of the genus based on mitochondrial sequence data. It is hoped that the availability of this sequence will further efforts to discover the source population of these harvestmen, and facilitate species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses.

A new linyphiid spider, Canariphantes barrientosisp. n., is described from the Balearic islands of Ibiza and Majorca. It is similar to Canariphantes ritae (Bosmans, 1985) comb. n. from Algeria, Morocco, and Spain, here transferred from Lepthyphantes.

The type material of several Central American tarantulas (Theraphosidae; Theraphosinae) were re-examined within a broader revision involving the defunct genus EurypelmaKoch, 1850 and the poorly defined AphonopelmaPocock, 1901. Here, we create the new monotypic genus Sandinistagen. nov. for a revised taxon Sandinista lanceolatum (Simon, 1891) comb. nov., which is a small tarantula from the Pacific lowland dry forests of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It was originally described under Eurypelma and later transferred to Aphonopelma without justification. Based on comparison of type specimens against new material, we emphasise its unusual bulb anatomy to rediagnose it as a new genus with suggested close affinity to AphonopelmaPocock, 1901 (sensu stricto), Sphaerobothria Karsch, 1897, and StichoplastorisRudloff, 1997. We also re-examined the type material of Brachypelma fossorium Valerio, 1980, which is here treated as a junior synonym of S. lanceolatum, syn. nov. We also discuss the Mexican/Central American genus Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1999, into which we transfer another former Eurypelma from the Yucatán. This species was later called Aphonopelma stoicum (Chamberlin, 1925), which we revise as Crassicrus stoicumcomb. nov. and contrast against other described congeners. We also re-evaluate two other specimens later determined as Aphonopelma stoicum by Schmidt & Piepho (1997), including the alleged first female for the species, and consider them as mis-identified congeners. Finally, we provide some discussion on Citharacanthus meermani Reichling & West, 2000 from Belize in the context of Crassicrus, due to similar aspects of their male palpal bulb morphology, highlighting potentially informative aspects.

A new species of jumping spider, Pseudomogrus dumosusn. sp. (♂♀), from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) is diagnosed, illustrated, and described. Comparative illustrations of the holotype of Pseudomogrus algarvensis (Logunov & Marusik, 2003) are also provided.

Schizomida is an arachnid order widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, commonly found in humid and warm environments such as leaf litter, on the underside of rocks, and in caves. Stenochrus portoricensis has been observed in association with termite and ant nests. In this study, we report for the first time S. portoricensis living within a nest of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima. This new interaction triggers interest in the mechanisms used by the schizomid to deceive and be undetected by fire ants, as well as the potential advantages for the schizomid in living within Solenopsis nests.

Boliscus decipiens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 from Sri Lanka is redescribed based on type and newly collected material. It is distinguished from congeners by the long, needle-shaped embolus that winds twice around the tegulum. In the light of this new information, an updated diagnosis for Boliscus tuberculatus (Simon, 1886) is provided. Further, the monotypic genus BoliscodesSimon, 1909 is synonymized with Boliscus (Boliscodes amaenulus = Boliscus tuberculatus) n. syn.

The epigean species Roncus crassipalpusRafalski, 1949 is redescribed and illustrated, based on the specimens collected from Georgia. Males are described for the first time.

The chaotic taxonomy of the subfamily Ornithoctoninae Pocock, 1895 is partially addressed, with a focus on redefining the arboreal genera LampropelmaSimon, 1892, OmothymusThorell, 1891, and PhormingochilusPocock, 1895. Previous works placing heavy emphasis on unstable taxonomic characters are addressed and stable taxonomic features presented for the clear delineation of males of arboreal ornithoctonine genera. The male of Phormingochilus everettiPocock, 1895 is described for the first time. A new species, Omothymus rafnisp. nov. is described from historical material collected in Sumatra. Lampropelma violaceopesAbraham, 1924 is transferred to Omothymus based on comparative leg measurements and geographical location comb. nov.Lampropelma nigerrimum arboricola Schmidt & Barensteiner, 2015 is transferred to the genus Phormingochilus with full species status acknowledged, giving the new combination Phormingochilus arboricolacomb. nov.Omothymus thorelliSimon, 1901 is considered a junior synonym of Omothymus schioedteiThorell, 1891syn. nov., based on similar morphology and geographical locations. Phormingochilus carpenteriSmith & Jacobi, 2015 is transferred to the genus Lampropelma based on comparative leg measurements and geographical location comb. nov.Phormingochilus kirkiSmith & Jacobi, 2015 is considered a junior synonym of L. carpenterisyn. nov.Phormingochilus fuchsiStrand, 1906 is transferred to the genus Omothymus based on comparative leg measurement and geographic distribution comb. nov.Phormingochilus tigrinusPocock, 1895 is removed from synonymy with P. everetti based on the lack of justification for the synonymy comb. rest.Omothymus dromeusChamberlin, 1917 is removed from Omothymus and returned to the restored genus Melognathuscomb. rest.

The intentional consumption of spider silk, which is composed of proteins, by a non-spider organism, has not been observed, and consumption by non-owner spiders has only rarely been observed. Here, we report the discovery of a bagworm, likely Bambalina sp. (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), eating an orb web constructed by a juvenile Plebs sachalinensis (Araneidae), whilst moving from side to side from below. This rather adapted behaviour implies regular silk eating by bagworms, but possibly as an emergency food source, considering the date observed.

The recent rediscovery and examination of the holotype of Neischnocolus panamanusPetrunkevitch, 1925 and its comparison with type material of the genera BarropelmaChamberlin, 1940 and AmiPérez-Miles, 2008 led us to establish their generic synonymy. Ami species and the monotypic Barropelma parvior (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) fit with the diagnostic characters of Neischnocolus, with the presence of modified type I urticating setae and the singular spermathecal morphology. B. parvior is considered a junior synonym of N. panamanussyn. nov. based on genital organ morphology and geographical location. Ami bladesi Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008 is also considered a junior synonym of Neischnocolus panamanussyn nov. based on genital organ morphology and geographical location. As a consequence, of the synonymies of the genera Barropelma and Ami with Neischnocolus, seven new combinations are created: N. amazonicacomb. nov., N. armihuarensiscomb. nov., N. caxiuanacomb. nov., N. obscuruscomb. nov., N. pijaoscomb. nov., N. weinmannicomb. nov. and N. yupanquiicomb. nov.

This paper describes a new species of trapdoor spider from the Spansh mainland, Iberesia valdemoriana n. sp., and provides some data about its natural history. The presence of both I. brauni (L. Koch, 1882) and I. barbara (Lucas, 1846) is reported for the first time in the south-east and south of the Iberian Peninsula, respectively. An update of the key to the species currently described of the genus based on the previous literature and the results of present work is proposed.

The diversity of spiders on 13 islands and island groups in the Indian Ocean consists of 2 to 207 species per island, and depends on distance to the nearest mainland, but not on island size, which is due to the heterogeneity of these islands. Geology and age of the islands are important: coralline islands are small, flat, and young, and harbour a low number of species. Volcanic or microcontinental islands are larger, older, and reach high elevations; they have a high species diversity except for three sub-Antarctic islands. From a total of 492 species known from these islands, 55.5% are endemic, underlining the importance of such islands as hotspots of diversity. 17.1% are African, 13.6% Asian, and 0.4% are Australasian species; 8% are of alien origin. The high degree of endemism supports the idea that these island spider faunas are much isolated and that ballooning and island hopping played a minor role during colonization. It is estimated that the spider fauna on the Indian Ocean islands will be in the range of 1000–1500 species, i.e. less than half of the spider fauna is already known and major research efforts are needed.