We investigated breeding densities and distribution of the woodpigeon Columba palumbus in woodland and urban habitats of Lithuania, Belarus and the Kaliningrad oblast (administrative district) of Russia. In Lithuania and Belarus, where the urbanisation process of the woodpigeon is in an initial phase, breeding densities in woodland habitats are higher than in urban areas. In the Kaliningrad oblast of Russia, where abundant urban populations have been established in towns for decades, breeding densities in urban habitats are significantly higher than in woodland sites. Available data indicate that at present the eastern border of the European distribution of well-established urban woodpigeon populations extends approximately along the western border of Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine.