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1 July 2009 Spider Silk Structures as Seen with a Scanning Electron Microscope
Kristine Bielecki
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Abstract

There are seven documented types of spider silk, all composed of proteins. Each type is synthesized in a specific gland on a spider's abdomen in a liquid crystalline form and spun through a unique spinneret where it experiences oligomerization and becomes a solid. In this study, the structures of spider silk were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Spider silk was collected from a variety of species from both indoor and outdoor environments in Massachusetts and Vermont, including the genera: Achaearanea, Araneus, Argiope, Cryphoeca, Mimetus, and Pholcus as well as the family Salticidae. The silk was sputter coated with gold and visualized at magnifications up to 35,000×. Several types of silk structures were observed to be common regardless of the species. These structures included large rounded bilateral fibers averaging 1.29µm in diameter and fibers laden with equidistant silk droplets ranging from 0.22µm to 43.75µm depending on the species. Based on their consistency in appearance, these structures may be associated with particular functions. The bilateral fibers may be dragline or major ampullate silk, which has been described as the strongest silk, providing the web's structural support. The strands covered in droplets may be viscid or glue-like silk that is involved in catching prey. Several other structures were observed as well, and included rectangular bifurcated, ridged, corkscrew, wound bifurcated, semi-braided, single and multiple stranded fibers. Further research may provide insight in to spider silk structures and how each type is used by the spider.

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Kristine Bielecki "Spider Silk Structures as Seen with a Scanning Electron Microscope," BIOS 80(4), 170-175, (1 July 2009). https://doi.org/10.1893/011.080.0405
Received: 31 March 2009; Accepted: 1 September 2009; Published: 1 July 2009
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