The history of the ex-segregates of the genus Parodia Spegazzini s.l. (Cactaceae), since 1819 has been reviewed. A rather conservative approach is adopted to sum up the large number of the proposed names within 62 natural species. For each accepted species, a complete synonymy is given down to the subspecies level (varieties are included only in the case of basionyms). An enlarged description is taken from the field data, along with etymology, information about distribution, biome, ecological region and habitat, maps and, where necessary, an update on the conservation status expressed by the IUCN assessors.