Type species: Avititerra lepidothrix, n. sp., by original designation.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately small, body narrow, elongate (fig. 12); eyes medium to large; labium short, extending only to mesocoxae; dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale to mediumbrown simple setae intermixed with scalelike setae; dorsum bright yellow-green or bright pale green, cuneus entirely concolorous with rest of hemelytra or with yellow inner margin and tip; forewing membrane uniformly light or dark gray-brown, without subcuneal clear spot (fig. 12A), veins orange or yellow, or partly concolorous with membrane, with color confined to vein (fig. 12); pygophore subquadrate, genital opening moderately large, round, dorsal margin weakly to moderately concave, sometimes with very small spinelike left lateral tergal process (fig. 17A–C); parameres both extend externally well beyond genital opening, meeting medially and enclosing phallotheca and aedeagus (fig. 17A–C); left paramere L-shaped, with large, bulbous, and serrate sensory lobe, apophysis elongate, broad, apex truncate and round with small, recurved hook (figs. 15B, C, 18B); right paramere C-shaped, apex moderately elongate, round, with expanded submedial dorsal lobe, apex and dorsal lobe with small spinelike serrations (figs. 15D, 18C); phallotheca simple, lightly sclerotized, lateral/dorsal margins reduced (figs. 15E, 18E); aedeagus with three elongate sclerotized spicules; PES left lateral to secondary gonopore and base tubular and distal to that of DES2 and DES1, bifurcate, ventral branch curved and serrate, dorsal branch with smooth margins (figs. 11, 17D, F); DES2 wrapped sheathlike partially around secondary gonopore and dorsad to secondary gonopore, unbranched or branched and only weakly serrate at most (figs. 11, 17E); DES1 unbranched or bifurcate with short basal keel (figs. 11, 17E); DES2 and DES1 closely associated and flattened basally (fig. 17E), right dorsolateral to secondary gonopore (fig. 11); vestibulum of female light to moderately sclerotized (fig. 19B); ventral labiate plate spiniferous, without spiniferous lateral lobes (fig. 19A); spiniferous mediolateral lobes on posterolateral walls of dorsal labiate plate, proximate to gonapophyses 8 (fig. 19A); interramal sclerites not fully divided, with U-shaped junction and inner margins ridged and heavily sclerotized (fig. 19C); one pair of elongate interramal lobes, medially divided, with one or two basal lobes (fig. 19C).

Description: Male: Macropterous, small size, body narrowly elongate, lateral margins parallel, curved ventrally (fig. 12); body length 3.03–3.83 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum, overall yellowish green to bright pale green; head, antennae, pronotum, mesoscutum, and scutellum sometimes faded to yellow; antennae sometimes darkening apically; cuneus sometimes with inner margin and tip yellow; forewing membrane translucent, uniform light brown to dark gray, without subcuneal clear spot (fig. 12A); forewing membrane veins yellow or orange, with color confined to vein, major vein sometimes concolorous with membrane; venter faded yellowish green; legs mostly faded to yellow, tarsi darkened (fig. 12). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum smooth, weakly polished; mixed vestiture (fig. 16A, C) with moderately dense distribution of pale to medium-brown, semierect simple setae; dorsum also with shorter, white or brown, adpressed, scalelike setae; antennae with dense distribution of short, pale simple setae, AI also with more elongate, bristlelike setae (approx. 5), pale in color; legs with pale simple setae; hind tibiae with several rows of minute dark spinulae; tibial spines pale; pygophore ventral surface proximal to genital opening, without short, spinelike setae (fig. 17B). STRUCTURE: Head: Subovate in lateral view (fig. 16D), strongly expanded anteriorly, frons moderately protruding beyond anterior margin of eyes (fig. 16A); mandibular and maxillary plates, and clypeus large (fig. 16B, D); maxillary plate elongate, subquadrate, anterodorsal margin squared and aligned with anterior margin of mandibular plate; clypeus prominent, round to subtriangular in dorsal view (fig. 16A), dorsal edge squared in lateral view (fig. 16D); vertex flat (fig. 16A); eyes medium to large size, two-thirds to threequarters height of head (fig. 16D), extending beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum (figs. 12, 16C); labium moderately short, extending only to anterior margins of mesocoxae. Antennae: Elongate, insertion just dorsad to ventral margin of eye, very slightly removed from anterior margin of eye (fig. 16D); AI short, subequal to vertex width, slightly wider than remaining segments; All moderate length ca. 1.2× pronotum width; AIII moderate length, less than 2× length of AIV; AIV sub equal or slightly long to AI; AIII and AIV slightly thinner than AII Pronotum: Trapezoidal; anterior margin weakly concave to straight; collar reduced to thin lip; callosite region obsolete; lateral margins straight, moderately to strongly angled 30° to 45° to midline; humeral angles round; posterior margin weakly convex to straight (figs. 12, 16C). Mesoscutum and scutellum: Slightly raised, mesoscutum narrow, at most one-third length of scutellum, sometimes partially hidden under pronotum. Metathorax: Metathoracic spiracle slitlike, more subovate ventrally, with evaporative area spanning anterior margin (fig. 16E); metathoracic scent gland with ostiole subovate, peritreme narrow, relatively small, evaporative area with elongate evaporative bodies (fig. 16E, F). Hemelytra: Elongate, abdomen extending only to cuneal fracture; lateral margins parallel and sometimes slightly curved ventrally; cuneus moderately elongate; forewing membrane major cell elongate and narrow, longitudinal vein straight, parallel to inner margin of cuneus (fig. 12). Legs: Elongate, femora slightly flattened, hind femur slender. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Subquadrate, genital opening large, round (figs. 15A, 17C, 18A); dorsal margin weakly to moderately concave, margin round or rather sinuous, with or without one small spinelike left lateral tergal process; ventral margin of genital opening straight (fig. 17B); phalloguide round and extending just beyond ventral margin of opening (fig. 15A), with or without slightly sclerotized lobe on right lateral margin ventrad to right paramere articulation; left paramere situated just inside ventral margin of pygophore, right paramere mostly visible with only base hidden within pygophore (fig. 17B); phallotheca and aedeagus not visibly protruding beyond genital opening of pygophore, surrounded by parameres and covered with membranous or sclerotized and spiniferous proctiger (fig. 17A–C). Left paramere: L-shaped; strongly expanded medially, sensory lobe prominent, greatly expanded and bulbous, with few spinelike serrations on outer margin; apophysis moderately elongate, broad, uniform width or narrowing slightly toward apex, ca. 90° to rest of paramere; apex truncate, round with small, curved hook; simple setae present on outer surface (figs. 15B, C, 18B). Right paramere: C-shaped; apex round, sometimes curved inward, forming moderately elongate and sometimes bulbous lobe, with few spinelike serrations on mesiolateral surface; subapical to medial dorsal margin expanded, forming small or more bulbous round lobe, projected dorsally, with few small spinelike serrations on inner surface; mesiolateral surface not excavated; simple setae present on outer lateral surface (figs. 15D, 18C). Phallotheca: Simple; lightly sclerotized, golden color; opening large, distal to medial; apex round; lateral dorsal margins reduced, appearing more like a shallow trough (figs. 15E, 18E). Aedeagus: Secondary gonopore elongate, cylindrical, membranous, and faint; three elongate sclerotized endosomal spicules; spicule arrangement (fig. 11): PES left lateral to secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsal to right dorsolateral of secondary gonopore, wrapped sheathlike around dorsal half of secondary gonopore, DES1 right dorsolateral to DES2 with base flattened and adjacent to DES2, PES originates near apex of secondary gonopore, base of DES2 and DES1 originating adjacent to base of secondary gonopore; base of DES2 and DES1 flattened, base of PES narrow and tubular; spicules subequal in length; PES bifurcate medially (fig. 18F) or in distal third (fig. 15F), branches subequal in length and tapering to narrow pointed apex, ventral branch with apex curved downward and margins serrate subapically only (fig. 15F) or fully to apex (fig. 18F, G), dorsal branch with margins smooth (figs. 15F, 18F) and sometimes with couple of threadlike processes subapically (figs. 17F, 18F); DES2 curved downward apically (figs. 15F, 17D–F, 18G) unbranched (fig. 15F) or bifurcate (figs. 17D–F, 18F–G) with sparsely serrate margins; DES1 unbranched (fig. 15F) or bifurcate (fig. 18F), sometimes with short medial processes (fig. 15F), with short basal keel (DESk) (figs. 15F, 18F–G).

Female: Only slight sexual dimorphism. As in male except eyes slightly smaller, vertex wider, and hemelytra slightly shorter; only very marginally smaller than male, body length 2.93–3.77 mm. GENITALIA: Vestibulum moderately sclerotized (fig. 19B); ventral labiate plate sclerotized, mesial surface spiniferous, without spiniferous lateral lobes (fig. 19A); dorsal labiate plate with pair of moderately sized mediolateral lobes adjacent to base of rami of gonapophyses 8 (fig. 19A); sclerotized rings moderately sized, narrow, subovate, anteriorly pointed with lightly spiniferous surface, posteriorly broader (fig. 19A, B); posterior wall lightly sclerotized; medial region of posterior wall reduced; interramal sclerites (IRS), not fully divided, with U-shaped junction and heavily sclerotized, ridged inner margins, forming posterior margin of posterior wall, posterior margin slightly convex (fig. 19C), IRS with one pair of interramal lobes (IRL) (fig. 19C); IRL bisected medially, outer branch of moderate length, inner branch either more elongate or shorter than outer branch, margins and surface of IRL covered with minute spinelike serrations (fig. 19C); IRL also with one (fig. 19C) or two spiniferous basal lobes.

Etymology: Named in reference to the age of the varied landscapes of the ancient Australian continent, from a combination of the Latin words avitus (“grandfatherly, ancestral, or old”) and terra (“earth”). The gender is feminine.

Remarks: The endosomal spicule arrangement in Avititerra is similar to Blattakeraia, where they are largely dorsad to the secondary gonopore, and DES2 and DES1 are closely associated basally and flattened. In Blattakeraia, however, PES is dorsad of the secondary gonopore and originates proximal to the base of the secondary gonopore and is more sheathlike at the base, whereas in Avititerra PES is more removed from DES2 and DES1, left lateral to the secondary gonopore, originates near the apex of the secondary gonopore and has a narrow tubular base (cf. fig. 11). Avititerra has similarities to Naranjakotta including the mixed vestiture of both simple and scalelike setae (fig. 16), the meeting of the parameres medially in repose in the pygophore, ventrad to the phallotheca (fig. 17B), there is a single tergal spine (fig. 18A) and the endosomal spicules are dorsolateral in position (figs. 11, 15, 18). Avititerra species are relatively small and have a more slender, parallel-sided body in comparison with species in the other callitroid-inhabiting genera. The overall coloration is a relatively uniform green, the wing membrane lacks a subcuneal clear spot (Ngullamiris is the only other genus without this), and Avititerra is also the only one of these five genera with mixed vestiture.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: eyes medium; labium extending only to mesocoxae; dorsum bright yellow-green; cuneus with yellow inner margin and tip; forewing membrane uniformly dark gray-brown, veins— major vein concolorous with membrane, inner vein orange-yellow; dorsum with medium- to dark-brown scalelike setae; pygophore dorsal margin moderately concave, without any tergal process, with membranous proctiger covering phallotheca and aedeagus; left paramere, sensory lobe greatly enlarged and bulbous with large spinelike serrations on outer margin, apophysis broad with uniform width to apex; right paramere apex not curved inward, with moderately elongate round apex and small subapical/medial dorsal lobe, both sparsely serrate; phallotheca with fully sclerotized apex; aedeagus with PES bifurcate with both branches smooth at apex and ventral branch curved and subapically serrate, DES2 unbranched with apex downturned, DES1 unbranched with short medial processes; female interramal lobes with elongate and broad inner branch, two basal lobes.

Description: Male: Small size, elongate slender body, lateral margins of hemelytra not curved ventrally, body length 3.03–3.45 mm, pronotal width 0.85–0.94 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum, overall bright yellowish green; head, antennae, mesoscutum, and scutellum sometimes faded to yellow; two apical antennal segments darkened; cuneus with inner margin and tip yellow; fore wing membrane uniform dark gray-brown; forewing membrane veins, inner vein orange-yellow, major vein mostly concolorous with membrane and dark gray-brown (fig. 12). VESTITURE: Dorsum with lightbrown simple setae and medium- to darkbrown scalelike setae (fig. 12). STRUCTURE: Head: Eyes midsize, two-thirds height of head, weakly exerted from outline of head and extending just moderately beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum (fig. 12); labium moderately short, extending only to anterior margins of mesocoxae. Pronotum: Trapezoidal, narrow; 1.3× wider than head; lateral margins angled ca. 30° to midline. Mesoscutum and scutellum: Mesoscutum one-third length of scutellum, sometimes partially hidden under pronotum. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening moderately concave, margin round, without any tergal processes; phalloguide with lightly sclerotized right lateral margin ventrad to right paramere articulation; phallotheca and aedeagus covered with membranous proctiger (fig. 15A). Left paramere: L-shaped; strongly expanded medially, sensory lobe prominent, greatly expanded and bulbous, with few large spinelike serrations on margin; apophysis moderately elongate, moderately broad, uniform width to apex, connected to sensory lobe at 90° angle; apex truncate, round with weakly recurved hook (fig. 15B, C). Right paramere: C-shaped; apex not curved inward; apex round, forming moderately elongate lobe, with few large spinelike serrations on mesiolateral surface; subapical to medial dorsal margin expanded, forming small lobe projected dorsally, with few small spinelike serrations on inner surface; mesiolateral surface not excavated (fig. 15D). Phallotheca: Apex round, fully sclerotized; lateral/dorsal margins reduced (fig. 15E). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement and orientation as in generic description (fig. 15); PES bifurcate in distal third, branches subequal in length and tapering to narrow pointed apex, ventral branch with apex curved downward and margins serrate after bifurcation and then smooth to apex, dorsal branch margins smooth; DES2 unbranched, apex curved downward and sparsely serrate; DES1 unbranched, apex tapering and serrate, three short medial processes, one smooth and two apically serrate, with short basal keel (DESk) (fig. 15F).

Female: As in generic description, body length 2.93–3.40 mm, pronotal width 0.88–0.92 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (IRL) bisected medially with inner branch elongate and broad with bulbous round apex, longer than outer branch, margins and surface of IRL covered with minute spinelike serrations; IRL with two moderately large and distantly spaced spiniferous basal lobes, inner lobe only sparsely serrate on margin (not illustrated).

Etymology: Named for the adpressed, scalelike setae present on the dorsum. Noun in apposition.

Host plants: Known from Callitris pyramidalis and C. roei (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 8.6 km S of Ravensthorpe on Hopetoun Road, 33.61625°S 120.1345°E, 500 m, 06 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Callitris roei, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05055466, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000090) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 8.6 km S of Ravensthorpe on Hopetoun Road, 33.61625°S 120.1345°E, 500 m, 06 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Callitris roei, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05055466, 1 ♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000087), 3 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000089, 00000091, 00000093) (AM), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003931) (AMNH), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000092) (WAMP). 31 km WNW of Gingin, 31.23067°S 115.6°E, 110 m, 09 Dec 1997, Schuh, Brailovsky, Actinostrobus pyramidalis, det. WA Herbarium, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003971, 00003972), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003976, 00003977) (AM), 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003967–00003970), 7♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003978-AMNH_PBI 00003984) (AMNH), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003966), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003973–00003975) (WAMP).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 8.6 km S of Ravensthorpe on Hopetoun Road, 33.61625°S 120.1345°E, 500 m, 06 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Callitris roei, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05055466, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000094, 00000086) (AM). 10.7 km S of Cataby on Brand Hwy, 31.25855°S 115.82047°E, 57 m, 08 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Actinostrobus pyramidalis, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620330, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00021802) (AM).

Distribution: Known from three localities in southwesterm Western Australia, around Perth, and on the south coast (map 1). Collected with B. actinostrobi (table 2).

Remarks: Avititerra lepidothrix is most easily distinguished externally from A. xerophila by the brown scalelike setae on the dorsum, the brighter and more yellowish-green coloration, the cuneus not entirely concolorous with the hemelytron, with a yellow inner margin and tip, the hemelytral membrane darker and more gray brown with the inner vein orange-yellow, the strongly reflexed lateral hemelytral margins, the concave and round dorsal margin of the pygophore, the lack of a tergal spine, and the proctiger membranous without serrations covering the phallotheca and aedeagus. The major male genitalic characters that distinguish this species from A. xerophila are the fully sclerotized apex of the phallotheca (fig. 15E), the unbranched DES 1 and DES2 spicules (fig. 15F), PES without small threadlike processes apically on the dorsal branch, and the ventral branch serrate after the point of bifurcation and then smooth to the apex. In females the interramal lobe has an elongate inner branch and two basal lobes (not illustrated). See also remarks below for A. xerophila.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: eyes medium to large, rather bulbous; labium extending only to mesepisternum; dorsum bright pale green, cuneus concolorous with rest of forewing and dorsum; forewing membrane uniformly light brown, veins all yellowish orange; dorsum with white scalelike setae; lateral margins of hemelytra curved ventrally; pygophore dorsal margin weakly concave, irregular shape with very small left lateral tergal spinelike process; sclerotized and serrate proctiger covering phallotheca and aedeagus; left paramere subtriangular, strongly expanded medially, sensory lobe bulbous with few small spinelike serrations on outer margin, apophysis broad and tapering slightly apically; right paramere apex moderately curved inward; with serrate bulbous apex and subapical/medial dorsal lobes; phallotheca apex partially membranous; aedeagus with all three spicules bifurcate, PES ventral branch curved and apically serrate, dorsal branch with smooth margins and small threadlike processes subapically; female dorsal labiate plate with pair of spiniferous pads on posterolateral walls proximate to valvulae; interramal lobes with short inner branch, one small basal lobe.

Description: Male: Moderately small size, very slender, lateral margins of hemelytra curved ventrally, body length 3.49–3.83 mm, pronotal width 0.86–0.99 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum, overall bright pale green; head, antennae, pronotum and scutellum faded to pale yellowish green or very pale green and almost white; mesoscutum orangey yellow; forewing membrane uniform light brown; forewing membrane veins yellowish orange (fig. 12). VESTITURE: Dorsum with pale simple setae and white scalelike setae (fig. 12). STRUCTURE: Head: Eyes medium to large size, three-quarters height of head, strongly exerted from outline of head and extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum (figs. 12, 16A-D); labium short in length, extending only to mesepisternum. Pronotum: Trapezoidal, 1.3× wider than head, lateral margins strongly angled 45° to midline (fig. 16C). Mesoscutum and scutellum: Mesoscutum one-quarter length of scutellum, sometimes partially hidden under pronotum. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening weakly asymmetrically concave, margin rather sinuous, with one left lateral tergal process; tergal process small, spinelike; phalloguide without (sclerotized or serrate) lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation; aedeagus and phallotheca covered with sclerotized and spinifero us proctiger (figs. 17A, C, 18A). Left paramere: L-shaped; strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe prominent, expanded, and bulbous, with few spinelike serrations; apophysis moderately elongate, broad, narrowing slightly apically; apex truncate, round with weakly recurved hook (figs. 17B, 18B). Right paramere: C-shaped; apex moderately curved inward dorsally and forming moderately elongate, serrate, bulbous lobe; subapical to medial dorsal margin expanded, forming serrate, bulbous lobe directed inward; mesiolateral surface not excavated (figs. 17A, B, 18C). Phallotheca: Apex round, partially membranous; lateral/dorsal margins reduced (fig. 18D, E). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement and orientation as in generic description; PES bifurcate medially, branches sub equal in length and tapering to narrow pointed apex, ventral branch with apex curved downward and margins serrate, dorsal branch with two threadlike processes and margins smooth; DES2 bifurcate in distal half, right branch short and uniformly narrow, almost threadlike, margins smooth, left branch elongate with bisected apex, apical margins weakly serrate; DES1 bifurcate in distal third, branches subequal, one with serrate apex, other with mostly smooth margins, with short basal keel (DESk) (figs. 17D–F, 18F, G).

Female: As in generic description, body length 3.50–3.77 mm, pronotal width 0.86–0.94 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (IRL) bisected medially with inner branch short and outer branch elongate, margins and surface of IRL covered with minute spinelike serrations, IRL with single small spiniferous basal lobe (fig. 19C).

Etymology: Named in reference to the hot, dry climates of the regions this species inhabits, from the Greek xēros (dry) in combination with phila (lover).

Host plants: Known from Callitris glaucophylla (after Hill, 1998, see also appendix 2) across much of this hosts range with one specimen collected from C. canescens (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Charles Darwin Reserve, 4 km N of Wanarra East Rd, track directly N of homestead, 29.54497°S 116.93527°E, 299 m, 06 May 2009, C. Symonds, A. Molan, A. Wheeler, B. Yardley, Callitris columellaris, det. T.D. Macfarlane WA Herbarium, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00030446) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Euglo South State Forest, 33.53305°S 147.20888°E, 11 Dec 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016255-00016257), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016258) (AM). Queensland: 5.9 km E of Mitchell, 26.48726°S 148.0361°E, 380 m, 31 Oct 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW427493, 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000155, 00000160, 00000166, 00000169), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000156) (AMNH), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000170), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003922, 00003923) (QM). South Australia: 12 km E of Nepabunna, Gammon Ranges National Park, 30.60057°S 139.092°E, 440 m, 07 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW427486, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016253, 00016254) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016252) (SAMA). Western Australia: Charles Darwin Reserve, 4 km N of Wanarra East Rd, track directly N of homestead, 29.54497°S 116.93527°E, 299 m, 06 May 2009, C. Symonds, A. Molan, A. Wheeler, B. Yardley, Callitris columellaris, det. T.D. Macfarlane WA Herbarium, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00404854, 00404855), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00404856) (UNSW), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00030445, 00030447), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00030448-00030450) (WAMP). Charles Darwin Reserve, Wanarra East Rd, NW of Homestead, 29.55577°S 116.90005°E, 04 May 2009, C. Symonds, L. Botten, R. Gilmore, K. Reynolds, K. Woods, Callitris columellaris, det. T.D. Macfarlane WA Herbarium, 2♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00404857, 00404859), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00404858) (UNSW).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Charles Darwin Reserve, 4 km N of Wanarra East Rd, track directly N of homestead, 29.54497°S 116.93527°E, 299 m, 06 May 2009, C. Symonds, A. Molan, A. Wheeler, B. Yardley, Callitris columellaris, det. T.D. Macfarlane WA Herbarium, 1 juv. (UNSW_ENT 00027086) (UNSW), 1 juv. (UNSW_ENT 00027087) (WAMP). Credo Station, 4.8 km along Telstra track off Coolgardie Nth Rd, 30.07069°S 120.57025°E, 503 m, 08 Sep 2011, M. Cheng & C. Symonds, Callitris canescens, det. WA Herbarium, 1♀ (UNSW_ENT 00027094) (UNSW).

Distribution: Known from all mainland states and territories, except the Northern Territory, from six semiarid inland localities. It is the most widespread callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini species (map 1). It cooccurs with six other callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini across its range (table 2).

Remarks: Some specimens of Avititerra xerophila are partly or completely faded to white by alcohol preservation. This species is most easily distinguished externally from A. lepidothrix by the white scalelike setae on the dorsum, the lighter and paler green coloration less yellowish, the cuneus concolorous with the hemelytra (all pale green), the hemelytral membrane a lighter brown, and the membrane veins all yellow-orange. Avititerra xerophila is also distinguished more subtly by having larger and more bulbous eyes, the labium slightly shorter, the lateral margins of the pronotum projected at slightly less of an angle, the lateral hemelytral margins flexed more downward (fig. 12), the dorsal margin of the pygophore irregular, with a sclerotized and serrate proctiger covering the phallotheca and aedeagus (figs. 17A, 18A). The major internal male genitalic characters that distinguish this species from A. lepidothrix are the membranous apex of the phallotheca (fig. 18D), DES1 and DES2 bifurcate distally (figs. 17D–F, 18F–G), PES with small threadlike processes on the dorsal branch with the ventral branch serrate to the apex (figs. 17D–F, 18F–G), and the female interramal lobes with a short inner branch and just one basal lobe (fig. 19C). See also remarks for A. lepidothrix.

Type species: Blattakeraia actinostrobi, n. sp., by original designation.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: large, elongate body (fig. 12); large, bulbous eyes; dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale or dark simple setae; bright green to yellowish-green coloration; AI bright to dark red, reddish brown (fig. 12); forewing membrane light gray-brown, slightly darker laterally, with subcuneal clear spot (fig. 12B); forewing membrane veins green with adjacent green suffusion, major cell with green spot (fig. 12); pygophore genital opening large, round, dorsal margin strongly concave, without any tergal processes, phalloguide with sclerotized and serrate lobe, ventrad to right paramere articulation (figs. 22A, 26A); ventral surface of pygophore proximal to genital opening with short, light-brown, spinelike setae (figs. 21E, 25D); left paramere prominent externally, extending across ventral surface of pygophore with apex directed anteriorly (figs. 21B, 25B), right paramere with only apex visible externally (figs. 21D, E, 25B, D); phallotheca and aedeagus visible externally and extending beyond parameros from genital opening (figs. 21B, C, 25B–D) covered with membranous proctiger (figs. 21A, C, 24H, 25B–D); left paramere L-shaped with broad apophysis, truncate apex with weakly recurved and inset subapical hook (figs. 22B, 26B); right paramere club shaped with apical flange and unexpanded subapical dorsal margin, apical flange and subapical dorsal margin with small spinelike serrations (figs. 22C, 26C); phallotheca lightly sclerotized, dorsal opening large, apex round (figs. 22D, 26D); aedeagus with three sclerotized endosomal spicules, all dorsad to secondary gonopore (fig. 11); PES partially sheathing secondary gonopore at base, distally bifurcate with serrate or smooth apical margins; PES with ventrally positioned submedial process projecting distally, before bifurcation point (figs. 22E, 26E); DES2 unbranched, with broad base, narrow acuminate apex, margins smooth (figs. 22E, 26E); DES1 bifurcate in distal third, branches unequal in length, with elongate basal keel (figs. 22E, 26E); DES2 and DES1 closely associated at base situated adjacent, originating distad to base of PES; vestibulum of female with lightly sclerotized, asymmetrical structure (fig. 27B); mesial surface of ventral labiate plate spiniferous, with small lateral lobes adpressed at surface (figs. 23A, 27A); small narrow mediolateral lobes on dorsal labiate plate; interramal sclerites with membranous attachment to posterior wall at base (fig. 27C), with one pair of bifurcate, spiniferous interramal lobes (figs. 23B, 27C).

Description. Male: Macropterous, large size, body elongate, parallel sided (fig. 12); body length 4.51–5.06 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum uniformly bright green, including head and hemelytra; AI bright to dark red, remainder yellowish orange, darkening apically; cuneus of forewing concolorous, sometimes slightly more yellowish green than rest of hemelytra (fig. 12); forewing membrane translucent, light graybrown, with slightly darker patches laterally, with subcuneal clear spot (fig. 12B); fore wing membrane veins bright green, adjacent membrane suffused with green, major cell with bright green spot (fig. 12); legs mostly pale yellow; tarsi dark brown; abdominal venter pale yellowish green; phallotheca golden. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum smooth, weakly polished, with moderately dense distribution of light or dark, semierect simple setae, few setae more elongate and bristlelike on head and lateral margins of dorsum; antennae with dense distribution of short, brown simple setae; AI also with few dark, elongate, erect, spinelike setae (approx. 5); femora with light-brown simple setae, intermixed with few, more elongate, erect, spinelike setae; tibiae and tarsi with light-brown simple setae, on tibiae intermixed with light-brown spines; hind tibiae with rows of minute, dark spinulae; pygophore ventral surface proximal to genital opening with short, light-brown, spinelike setae (figs. 21D, E, 25). STRUCTURE: Head: Subovate in lateral view, strongly expanded anteriorly; mandibular and maxillary plates and clypeus large; maxillary plate subovate, anterodorsal margin round, aligned with round anterodorsal margin of mandibular plate; clypeus prominent, round or slightly pointed in dorsal view, dorsal edge round in lateral view; vertex flat; eyes large, strongly exerted beyond outline of head, extending well beyond anterolateral angles of pronotum (figs. 20A–D, 24A–D); labium medium to elongate length. Antennae: Elongate, insertion dorsal to ventral margin of eyes, very slightly removed from anterior margin of eyes (figs. 20B, 24B); AI elongate, longer than width of vertex, slightly wider than remaining segments (fig. 12); All elongate, ca. 1.5× pronotum width; AIII moderately long, ca. 2× length of AIV; AIV subequal or slightly shorter length to AI; AIII and AIV slightly thinner than AII. Pronotum: Trapezoidal, broad or narrow; anterior margin weakly concave; collar reduced to thin lip; callosite region weakly defined; lateral margins straight, weakly to strongly angled from 30-45° to midline of body; humeral angles round; posterior margin very weakly sinuous or concave to straight (figs. 20C, 24C). Mesoscutum: Slightly raised; mesoscutum wide, exposed, one-third length of scutellum (fig. 12). Metathorax: Metathoracic spiracle elongate, subcylindrical, with evaporative area spanning anterior margin and expanded dors ally (figs. 20E, F, 24E, F); metathoracic scent gland with ostiole subcylindrical, peritreme subtriangular extending onto posterior ostiole margin, evaporative area with small subovate to elongate evaporative bodies (figs. 20E, G, 24E, G). Hemelytra: Elongate, extending well beyond apex of abdomen, abdomen extends to cuneal fracture; lateral margins parallel; cuneus elongate; forewing membrane major cell elongate, major vein straight, parallel to inner margin of cuneus (fig. 12). Legs: Elongate, fernora slightly flattened; pretarsus with moderately short claws, pulvilli moderately sized, fleshy parempodia broad, apically convergent (fig. 20H). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Transverse to subquadrate, weakly narrowing posteriorly, genital opening large, round (figs. 21A, B, 22A, 24H, 25A); dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, lacking tergal processes (figs. 21A, 22A, 24H, 26A); ventral margin of genital opening straight; phalloguide round, extending just beyond ventral margin of opening, with round, strongly sclerotized lobe ventrad to articulation of right paramere, with minute spinelike serrations (figs. 22A, 25B, 26A); left paramere extending across ventral surface of pygophore (figs. 21B, 25A); right paramere mostly nested within pygophore, only apex visible (figs. 21D, E, 25B, D); phallotheca visible externally from pygophore and extending beyond parameres (figs. 21, 25), covered with membranous proctiger (figs. 21 A, C, 24H, 25B–D). Left paramere: L-shaped; sensory lobe greatly (fig. 26B) or only weakly expanded (fig. 22B); apophysis uniformly broad, either elongate and curved (fig. 26B) or short and relatively straight (fig. 22B), ca. 45° to rest of paramere; apex truncate, round with weak hook, slightly inset from tip of apex (figs. 21D, 22B, 25D, 26B); simple setae on sensory lobe and outer surface. Right paramere: Club shaped, subovate in lateral view; apex weakly (figs. 25B, 26C) to moderately curved inward (figs. 21D, 22C), forming small, unexpanded or weakly expanded, sclerotized, flattened flange, with or without small, marginal, spinelike serrations; mesiolateral surface weakly excavate; subapical dorsal margin round, unexpanded, lightly sclerotized, with few small spinelike serrations; simple setae present on outer lateral surface. Phallotheca: Lightly sclerotized, dorsal opening large, apex round, with left lateral tumescence, with small subapical ventral tumescence (figs. 22D, 26D), sometimes with left dorsal margin retracted laterally (fig. 26D). Aedeagus: Secondary gonopore elongate, cylindrical, membranous; three elongate sclerotized endosomal spicules, subequal in length (fig. 11); PES dorsad to secondary gonopore, originating at base of secondary gonopore, sheathlike, partially bounding gonopore, bifurcate distally, branches unequal in length, branches extending distally, left branch perpendicularly oriented to right branch at base, apical margins smooth or serrate; PES with elongate submedial process, ventrally positioned, slender, elongate, serrate or smooth distally, projected distally (figs. 22E, 26E); DES2 and DES1 originating distad to PES (e.g., fig. 26E); DES2 dorsad to PES, unbranched, tapering to apex or broad and constricted at apex, margins smooth (figs. 22E, 26E); DES1 dorsal (fig. 22) or left dorsolateral (fig. 26) to DES2, bifurcate in distal third, branches unequal in length, apical margins serrate (fig. 26E) or mostly smooth (fig. 22E), left branch very short, narrow, right branch elongate, tapering to arcuate apex, with elongate basal keel (DESk) (e.g., fig. 22E); DESk situated adjacent, ventrad to DES2 and with partial membrane join to base of DES1; base of PES and DES2 broad and flattened, base of DES1 tubular.

Female: As in male except eyes slightly smaller, vertex wider and hemelytra shorter; abdomen extending almost to tip of cuneus; only very marginally shorter than male, occasionally slightly larger, body length 4.34–5.28 mm. GENITALIA: Vestibulum with lightly sclerotized asymmetrical tubular processes (fig. 27B); ventral labiate plate (VLP) sclerotized, mesial surface spiniferous, with small spiniferous lateral lobes arising laterally adjacent to gonapophyses 8, adpressed to VLP (figs. 23A, 27A); dorsal labiate plate with paired mediolateral lobes, lobes small and narrow, surface mostly smooth, marginally spiniferous, positioned posterolateral in genital chamber adjacent to base of rami of gonapophyses 8 (figs. 23A, 27A); sclerotized rings large, subovate, anterior margin round, anterior surface spiniferous (figs. 23A, 27B); posterior wall sclerotized (fig. 27); medial region of posterior wall lightly sclerotized, margin slightly convex, positioned just below anterior margin of interramal sclerites (1RS) (fig. 27); 1RS deeply divided, with U-shaped junction, forming posterior margin of posterior wall of bursa copulatrix, posterior margin ill defined, membranous (fig. 27); IRS with one pair of interramal lobes (IRL) (figs. 23B, 27C); IRLs spiniferous, bifurcate basally (fig. 27C) or medially (fig. 23B), outer branch elongate.

Etymology: Named for the distinctive red first antennal segment of the species described in this genus, from Latin blatta meaning “bloodclot” and Greek keraia “feeler or antenna.” The gender is feminine.

Remarks: Blattakeraia species are most easily distinguished from other callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini by their relatively large size, elongate reddish first antennal segment, green wing membrane veins and dorsal vestiture of simple setae. Blattakeraia is most closely related to Callitricola + Erysivena. The most striking differences of Blattakeraia (to the other four genera) are the elongate reddish first antennal segment (fig. 12), the very broad apophysis of the left paramere, which has a broad and rounded apex and weak subapical hook (figs. 22B, 26B), as well as the position of the left paramere, which projects over the ventral surface of the pygophore in repose (figs. 21B, 25). Other characters that differentiate Blattakeraia from both Callitricola and Erysivena are the absence of pygophoral tergal processes on the dorsal margin of the pygophore (figs. 21A, 22A, 24H, 26A), a lightly sclerotized and golden colored phallotheca, the three endosomal spicules all positioned dorsad to the secondary gonopore and with differing substructure (cf. fig. 11), and a more cylindrical club-shaped right paramere (figs. 22C, 26C). The female genitalia of Blattakeraia is characterized by divided interramal processes but without additional medial or basal lobes (figs. 23B, 27C).

Blattakeraia most closely resembles Callitricola externally, with both genera not having red coloration on the hemelytra and the membrane veins are often green (cf. figs. 12, 13), the presence of a subcuneal clear spot on the hemelytral membrane (e.g., fig. 12B), the dorsum has simple setae only, the right paramere is club shaped, and left paramere is relatively long and L-shaped, with a hooked apex. Blattakeraia is differentiated from Callitricola by the characters above that the latter genus has in common with Erysivena, as well as the strongly concave dorsal margin of the pygophore. In addition, the attachment of the basal keel to DES1 is more membranous in Blattakeraia. The keel extends adjacent to DES2 in Blattakeraia and Erysivena and because of its proximity, we first interpreted it to be attached to DES2 rather than DESÍ. On closer examination its attachment to DES1 was established, although the join is more membranous than observed in other Australian orthotyline genera.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: elongate labium, extending over abdomen; pronotum narrow, lateral margins angled no more than 30°; dorsum with dark simple setae; left paramere with round and broad sensory lobe, short and broad apophysis; right paramere with moderately arcuate apex and expanded apical flange with serrate margin, subapical dorsal margin with few serrations; PES with smooth, narrow apical margins on submedial process, distally with right branch also smooth and narrow, left branch short and serrate; DES2 constricted subapically with narrow, pointed apex; DES1 distally bifurcate with few marginal serrations, margins mostly smooth, pointed apically; DES1 dorsad to DES2; female interramal lobes medially bifurcate.

Description: Male: Large size, elongate, body length 4.78–5.15 mm, pronotal width 1.07–1.14 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum uniformly bright green; AI bright to dark red, remainder of antenna yellowish orange, darker apically; cuneus concolorous with rest of forewing; forewing membrane vein bright green, with adjacent bright green suffusion; major cell of fore wing membrane with bright green spot (fig. 12). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with dark, almost black, simple setae; antennae with moderately short, mediumbrown simple setae; AI simple setae almost black. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly, ca. half width of eye; frons moderately protruding beyond anterior margin of eyes (fig. 20 A,C); eyes large, four-fifths height of head (fig. 20B,D); labium elongate, extending beyond metacoxae over abdomen. Pronotum: Trapezoidal, narrow (figs. 12, 20C, D); 1.3× wider than head; lateral margins weakly angled 30° to midline of body; posterior margin very weakly concave to straight. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Left paramere extending slightly over ventral margin of pygophore (fig. 21B, D, E). Left paramere: Sensory lobe weakly expanded, round, broad, arcuate (fig. 22B); apophysis short, relatively straight, uniformly broad (fig. 22D). Right paramere: Apex moderately curved inward, sclerotized flange with small spinelike marginal serrations, subapical dorsal margin with few small spinelike serrations (figs. 21D, E, 22C). Phallotheca: Entire left dorsal margin below lateral tumescence (fig. 22D). Aedeagus: PES dorsad to secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsad to PES, DES1 dorsad to DES2 (fig. 22E); PES originating proximate to base of secondary gonopore, DES1 and DES2 originating distad to base of PES and secondary gonopore; PES bifurcate distally, branches unequal in length, right branch narrow, acuminate, margins smooth, left branch short and serrate; submedial process of PES narrow, apically acuminate, margins smooth, base straight; DES2, unbranched, apex constricted and narrow, margins smooth; DES1, bifurcate in distal third, branches unequal in length, apical margins pointed and mostly smooth with few spinelike serrations, with elongate basal keel (DESk).

Female: Large size, elongate, body length 4.51–4.76 mm, pronotal width 1.11–1.21 mm. GENITALIA: VLP with small spiniferous lateral lobes arising adjacent to rami of gonapophyses 8, adpressed to VLP (fig. 23A); posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with posterior margin straight; IRL divided medially with inner branch short, outer branch elongate, surface spiniferous (fig. 23B).

Etymology: This species is named after its association with the previously recognized Australian plant genus Actinostrobus (now synonymized with Callitris).

Host plants: Known from Callitris arenaria, C. pyramidalis and an unidentified Callitris species.

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 10.7 km S of Cataby on Brand Hwy, 31.25855°S 115.82047°E, 57 m, 08 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Actinostrobus pyramidalis, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620330, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005731) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1.3 km E of Brand Hwy on Bibby Rd, 30.49747°S 115.46602°E, 231 m, 08 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Actinostrobus pyramidalis, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07621825, 15 (AMNH_PBI 00005733) (AM). 10.7 km S of Cataby on Brand Hwy, 31.25855°S 115.82047°E, 57 m, 08 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Actinostrobus pyramidalis, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620330, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005730) (AM), 15 (AMNH_PBI 00005732) (WAMP). 12.9 km E of Green Head on Coorow Green Head Rd, 30.06102°S 115.09913°E, 83 m, 09 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Actinostrobus arenarius, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620233, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005740) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005739), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005741-00005744) (WAMP). Needelup Rd North, 31.3 km N of Gnowangerup-Jerramungup Rds, 33.67855°S 118.79086°E, 290 m, 07 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Callitris sp., 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005735), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005736-00005738), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00021791-00021794) (AM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1.3 km E of Brand Hwy on Bibby Rd, 30.49747°S 115.46602°E, 231 m, 08 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Actinostrobus pyramidalis, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07621825, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005734) (AM).

Distribution: Known from four localities in the southwest of Western Australia, which is the limit of the range of the two identified Callitris host-plant species (map 1). Collected with Avzfiterra lepidothrix (table 2).

Remarks: Blattakeraia actinostrobi is distinguished from B. hochuli by the following characters: the labium extends to the basal abdominal sternites; the pronotum is relatively narrow, with the lateral margins not strongly divergent posteriorly (fig. 20C); the left paramere is round and has a broad sensory lobe and short apophysis (fig. 22B) (cf. acuminate and apically serrate sensory lobe and elongate apophysis (fig. 26B)), and extends only slightly onto the ventral margin of the pygophore (fig. 21B, D); the right paramere has a more arcuate apex and enlarged flange (fig. 22C); the submedial process and right distal branch of PES has smooth apical margins, and the base of the submedial process is straight (cf. serrate distal margins and twisted base of submedial process for PES in B. hochuli: fig. 26E); DES1 is more dorsal to DES2 (cf. left dorsolateral in B. hochuli: fig. 26); and the interramal lobes differ in shape (cf. figs. 23B and 27C).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderate length of labium, extending to metacoxae; pronotum broad, lateral margins angled 45°; dorsum with pale simple setae; left paramere with expanded and acuminate sensory lobe, elongate, broad and arcuate apophysis; left paramere situated at rest extending well across ventral surface of pygophore; right paramere with weakly arcuate apex and small apical flange, subapical dorsal margin with numerous serrations; phallotheca left dorsal margin retracted laterally below left lateral tumescence; PES with serrate apical margins on submedial process, distally right and left branches serrate, right branch slightly longer than left branch, submedial process twisted at base; DES2 tapering to apex, round lobe on submedial margin; DES1 bifurcate in distal third, distally serrate and pointed; DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2; female interramal lobes basally bifurcate.

Description: Male: Large size, elongate, body length 4.72–5.31 mm, pronotal width 1.10–1.30 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum bright green to yellowish green overall; AI faded red, reddish orange-brown, remainder of antenna yellowish green; cuneus concolorous and slightly more yellowish green medially; forewing membrane veins bright green, with adjacent bright green suffusion, major cell with large green spot (fig. 12). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with light-brown simple setae; antennae with dense distribution of short, light-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly, ca. three-quarters width of eye, frons strongly protruding beyond anterior margin of eyes (fig. 24A–C); eyes three-quarters height of head (fig. 24B, D); labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Pronotum: Broad, transverse, at least 1.5× wider than head, lateral margins strongly angled 45° to midline of body, posterior margin very weakly sinuous to straight (fig. 24C, D). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Left paramere extending well over ventral surface of pygophore at rest (fig. 24). Left paramere: Sensory lobe greatly expanded, subtriangular, with an acuminate apex with few small serrations, apophysis elongate, arcuate, broad (figs. 24, 26B). Right paramere: Apex weakly curved inward, with small sclerotized flange, subapical dorsal margin sclerotized, serrate (figs. 25B, 26C). Phallotheca: Left dorsal margin retracted laterally below lateral tumescence (fig. 26D). Aedeagus: PES dorsad to secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsad to PES, DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2 (fig. 26); PES originating proximate to base of secondary gonopore, bases of DES2 and DES1 originating more distal to base of PES; PES bifurcate distally, branches almost equal in length, left branch slightly shorter than right branch, both branches with serrate splayed apices; submedial process of PES narrow, with serrate apical margins, twisted at base; DES2 tapering to apex, with round lobe on left margin submedially; DES1 with serrate apical margins, left branch very short and narrow, right branch elongate and tapering to arcuate apex, with elongate basal keel (DESk, not illustrated) (fig. 26E).

Female: Large size, elongate, body length 4.34–5.28 mm, pronotal width 1.10–1.27 mm. GENITALIA: VLP with small spiniferous lateral lobes arising adjacent to rami, adpressed to VLP (fig. 27A); posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with posterior margin undefined and membranous (fig. 27C); IRL divided at base, outer branch elongate, spiniferous with round apex, inner branch subrectangular, two-thirds length of outer branch, margins serrate, apex truncate (fig. 27C).

Etymology: Named in honor of invertebrate ecologist Dieter Hochuli in recognition of his support of this project and mentorship of the senior author.

Host plants: Known from Callitris glaucophylla.

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Gunningbland State Forest, 33.10111°S 147.945°E, 09 Oct 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016307) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Bulbodney State Forest, 32.515°S 147.201°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 3♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041770, UNSW_ENT 00041771, UNSW_ENT 00041915), 3♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041772, UNSW_ENT 00041773, UNSW_ENT 00041918) (AM). Gunningbland State Forest, 33.09222°S 147.9675°E, 08 Oct 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016316, 00016317, 00016319, 00016320), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016318) (AM). Gunningbland State Forest, 33.10111°S 147.945°E, 09 Oct 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016305, 00016306), 8♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016308-00016315) (AM). Murda State Forest, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 24 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 3♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041912-UNSW_ENT 00041914), 2♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041916, UNSW_ENT 00041917) (AM). Murda State Forest, Parkes-Condoblin, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041774) (AM). Roadside remnant near Condobolin tip, 33.07505°S 147.14466°E, 25 Sep 1997, Australian Museum, Callitris glaucophylla, 5♀ (UNSW_ ENT 00041782, UNSW_ENT 00041783, UNSW_ENT 00041785-UNSW_ENT 00041787), 1♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041784) (AM). Taratta State Forest, 32.8°S 147.03333°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 5♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041777-UNSW_ENT 00041781) (AM). Western Australia: Charles Darwin Reserve, track to Seven Mile Well, N of Wanarra Rd, 29.52483°S 117.01675°E, 265 m, 24 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Callitris columellaris, det. WA Herbarium, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00030456), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00030457) (WAMP). Lochada, Kelly Well, 29.08191°S 116.58677°E, 281 m, 17 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Callitris columellaris, det. WA Herbarium, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00404860, 00404861), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00404862-00404866) (UNSW). Lochada, Steves track, 29.23719°S 116.54694°E, 253 m, 20 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Callitris columellaris, det. WA Herbarium, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00030451, 00030452), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00030453-00030455) (WAMP).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Lochada, Steves track, 29.23719°S 116.54694°E, 253 m, 20 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Callitris columellaris, det. WA Herbarium, 1♀ (UNSW_ENT 00401278) (UNSW).

Distribution: Known from 10 localities in southwestern Western Australia and central western New South Wales (map 1). Collected with four other callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini (table 2).

Remarks: There is large variation in the body length of Blattakeraia hochuli, within and between populations. Body lengths (table 6) for New South Wales specimens have a large range from 4.72–5.31 mm in males and 4.34–5.28 mm in females. Western Australian specimens are larger (male body length 5.74–5.91 mm) and have a more elongate and more brownish antennal AI (fig. 12). Other than these characters, these disjunct populations cannot be differentiated and the male genitalia are nearly identical. Thus, we regard them as conspecific.

Blattakeraia hochuli and B. actinostrobi both have a large and elongate body, large bulbous eyes, distinctive bright to dark red first antennal segment, and lightly sclerotized and exposed phallotheca in repose. This species is most readily distinguishable from B. actinostrobi by the shape of the left paramere, with an extended and acuminate sensory lobe (fig. 26B), and enlarged, broad curved apophysis that projects onto the ventral surface of the pygophore in repose (see fig. 25). See also remarks for B. actinostrobi. Some specimens are faded to white because of ethanol preservation.

Type species: Callitricola wiradjuri, n. sp., by original designation.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: variable size (fig. 13); subovate to elongate; pale dusty green to yellowish-green coloration; antennae green; cuneus green; forewing membrane with subcuneal clear spot (fig. 12B), light brown, with darker patches laterally; forewing membrane veins either green or orange/yellow, major cell sometimes with green spot (fig. 13); dorsum with moderate distribution of pale simple setae; pygophore with short dark spinelike setae proximate to genital opening on ventral surface (fig. 31 A, B); genital opening of pygophore large, round (figs. 29A, 31B); pygophore dorsal margin straight (figs. 30H, 32A), rarely moderately concave (figs.43H, 45A), with one short left lateral tergal process positioned left lateral or just left of midline on dorsal margin of pygophore (figs. 38A, 39F), rarely absent (figs. 30H, 32A), rarely with second right lateral tergal process or lobe (figs. 36A, 43H); phalloguide on pygophore with small, sclerotized, and weakly serrate lobe or very small lobe with serrate margin ventrad to right paramere articulation (figs. 29A, 32A); left paramere L-shaped, only weakly expanded medially, sensory lobe elongate and round, strongly curved, apex mostly hooked (figs. 29B, 32B); left paramere positioned just inside and along entire ventral margin of pygophore (figs. 31A, 43B); right paramere club shaped, widest distally, with an apical or sub apical flange on inner ventral surface, shape more variable than left paramere (figs. 28C, 32C, 33C); right paramere nested within pygophore with only expanded apex visible externally (figs. 31B, 44B); phallotheca very dark and heavily sclerotized, visible protrading from genital opening, well beyond parameres, covered with membranous proctiger (figs. 31A, B, 44A, B), with subapical ventral tumescence and right basal lobe and tumescence on dorsal margin; aedeagus with three mostly elongate sclerotized endosomal spicules (figs. 11, 31D–F), proximal endosomal spicule (PES) positioned ventral or left ventrolateral to and sheathing, fully (figs. 38G, 40E), partially (figs. 29D, 33E) or slightly removed from secondary gonopore (figs. 28F, 31F, 32F), second dorsal endosomal spicule (DES2) left lateral to PES (fig. 29) or dorsad to PES and secondary gonopore (fig. 28), first dorsal endosomal spicule (DES1) left lateral (fig. 29) or dorsad to DES2 (fig. 28); PES and DES2 associated with secondary gonopore, while DES1 is removed from secondary gonopore and adjacent to DES2 (fig. 31C); DES1 with basal keel (DESk) (fig. 32F); PES bifurcate distally, left branch downturned or perpendicular, with or without medial process, distally serrate (figs. 31D, E, 33F); DES2 simple, unbranched (fig. 35E, F), or bifurcate in distal half (figs. 36I, J), distally serrate (figs. 28, 31D, 32F) or smooth (figs. 29D, 33F, 35F); DES1 simple, unbranched or bifurcate, distally serrate, with basal keel (figs. 28E, 29D, 32F, 42H); female, vestibulum heavily sclerotized, ventral labiate plate with paired spiniferous lateral lobes (fig. 46A); large spiniferous mediolateral lobes on dorsal labiate plate (fig. 46A); interramal sclerites, deeply divided with V-shaped junction, with two pairs of interramal lobes (figs. 46B, 48), partially joined at base, lateral interramal lobe with basal lobe (fig. 48).

Description: Male: Macropterous, small to large size, body subovate to elongate, sides parallel or slightly round; body length 2.84–5.73 mm (fig. 13). COLORATION: Dorsum pale to bright, yellowish green, often faded to yellow as specimens age, with partial color retained on hemelytra and pronotum, or faded yellow all over; when faded, specimens may sometimes have bright green patches of pigmentation retained on hemelytra on inner lateral margin of clavus, lateral margins above and below costal fracture, and lateral margins and tip of cuneus; cuneus concolorous, sometimes slightly more yellow than rest of hemelytra; forewing membrane translucent light silvery gray-brown, sometimes with slightly darker patches laterally; clear spot present below cuneus (fig. 12B); veins orange-yellow with pigmentation confined to vein or yellowish green with adjacent suffusion onto surrounding membrane, middle of inner cell (major cell) sometimes with green spot; venter yellowish green, often faded to yellow; legs mostly yellow with little green and orange pigmentation; tarsi darkened (fig. 13). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum smooth, weakly polished, with moderately dense covering of pale to medium-brown, semierect simple setae, sometimes more bristlelike on head and along lateral dorsal margins. Antennae: Dense covering of short, pale, soft, simple setae; AI, simple setae medium-brown and more bristlelike, with few long erect spinelike setae (approx. 5). Legs: Femora with medium-brown to dark simple setae and some longer, erect, spinelike setae; tibiae and tarsi with pale simple setae; hind tibiae with several rows of minute, dark spinulae; tibial spines light brown. Male genitalia: Pygophore, ventral surface proximate to genital opening with short, light or dark brown, spinelike setae (fig. 31A, B). STRUCTURE: Head: Subovate in lateral view; moderately expanded anteriorly; frons sloping downward, mandibular and maxillary plates and clypeus not greatly enlarged; clypeus moderately prominent with rounded dorsal margin; eyes moderately large occupying two-thirds to three-quarters of head height, strongly exerted beyond outline of head, extending well past anterolateral angle of pronotum; labium medium length, extending to mesocoxae or metacoxae, or elongate, extending beyond metacoxae, over abdomen. Antennae: Elongate; inserted well above ventral margin of eye, insertion just slightly removed from anterior margin of eye (fig. 30A, B); AI short, subcylindrical, slightly wider than remaining segments, at least subequal to vertex width; AII moderately elongate, 1.2–1.6× pronotum width; AIV subequal length or slightly less than AI, half to two-thirds length of AIII, AIII and AIV slightly thinner than AII Pronotum: Trapezoidal; anterior margin slightly concave; collar reduced to thin lip defined by join to proepisternum; callosite region weakly defined; lateral margins straight, angled 30°–45° to midline of body; humeral angles round extending slightly beyond posterior margin; posterior margin (shallowly and broadly concave medially) straight or slightly sinuous (figs. 30C, 39C, 43C). Mesoscutum and scutellum: Moderately raised, mesoscutum one-third length of scutellum (fig. 13). Metathorax: Metathoracic spiracle not elongate, narrowly subcylindrical, with evaporative area spanning anterior margin and expanded slightly dorsally (figs. 30E, 39E, 43E); metathoracic scent gland with ostiole subovate to lanceolate, peritreme subovate, extending onto posterior ostiole margin, evaporative area with small subovate to elongate evaporative bodies (figs. 30E, F; 39E, F, 43E, F). Hemelytra: Elongate, extending moderately beyond apex of abdomen, abdomen extending to middle of cuneus; lateral margins parallel; cuneus moderately long, at least two-thirds as long as wide; major membrane vein straight and parallel to cuneal margin or slightly curved. Legs: Elongate, femora slightly flattened, hind femur incrassate; pretarsus with moderately long claws, pulvilli moderately sized, fleshy parempodia broad, apically convergent (figs. 30G, 43G). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Transverse wider than long, or subquadrate, narrowing slightly posteriorly; genital opening large, round (figs. 29A, 31B, 32A, 35A); dorsal margin straight (figs. 30H, 32A) or at most weakly concave (figs. 29A, 37A), usually with one (e.g., figs. 38A, 39F) or rarely two tergal process (figs. 43H, 45A), and occasionally tergal lobe just right lateral of midline (figs. 30H, 36A), rarely without tergal process (figs. 30H, 32A); left tergal process just left lateral of midline, sometimes more farleft lateral, second when present just right lateral of midline; tergal process(es), short, linear (figs. 35A, 36A), or broad (e.g., figs. 38A, 45A), and generally distally serrate; tergal process(es) usually originating from dorsal margin of pygophore, sometimes originating from tergal plate across dorsal margin (e.g., figs. 38A, 41A, 45A); medial tumescence sometimes present on dorsal surface of pygophore proximate to genital opening (figs. 38A, 42A, 43H, 44A, 45A); ventral margin slightly convex medially (figs. 31A, 40B, 44B); phalloguide protruding slightly over ventral margin, round and cup shaped (figs. 29A, 32A), with small, round, sclerotized lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation (figs. 28A, 35A, 37A, 44B), or very slight lobe with sclerotized or serrate margin (figs. 32A, 36A); lobe of phalloguide with serrate margin on right side or more broadly serrate, serrations minute and spinelike; right paramere nested within pygophore with apex only visible, left paramere situated adjacent, just inside ventral margin of pygophore at rest, aedeagus and phallotheca protruding well beyond parameres posteriorly (figs. 29A, 31B), covered by membranous caplike proctiger. Left paramere: L-shaped; weakly expanded medially (figs. 28A, 29A, 32A, 40B); strongly curved from sensory lobe to apex; sensory lobe narrow, elongate, with round outer margin; apophysis uniformly narrow or tapering, elongate, ca. <45° to rest of paramere connected by smooth arc; apex acuminate and hooked, hook generally round (figs. 28A, 29A), sometimes slightly blunt (figs. 34B, C, 37B, C); outer margin of sensory lobe with pale simple setae, semierect but soft in appearance (figs. 31A, 32B). Right paramere: Club shaped; widest apically; variation in apical structure and amount of serration or spines; with flange or ridge on inner lateral margin at apex, apex curved inward or straight; apical or subapical flange or ridge with or without spinelike serrations; mesiolateral surface usually slightly excavated (e.g., figs. 32C, 33C); subapical dorsal margin round and unexpanded or expanded and bulbous, nearly always with few spinelike serrations; short, pale simple setae usually present on outer lateral surface. Phallotheca: Dark and heavily sclerotized; protruding strongly from pygophore and visible externally in repose (figs. 31A, B, 40A, B, 44A, B); overall curved to right side, opening large, distal to medial (figs. 31E, 33D, 35D); apex round (e.g., fig. 35D) or with an acute twisted point (e.g., fig. 36E–H); large sub-apical ventral tumescence (e.g., figs. 31B, 32D, 38D, 40A), sometimes doubled (e.g., fig. 37F); with various other species-specific tumescences and sculpturing, always with subbasal lobe on right dorsal margin and basal right lateral tumescence, sometimes also with left lateral tumescence, right lateral tumescence (figs. 36G–H, 47A), left dorsal margin sometimes enlarged and folded over dorsal opening (e.g., fig. 37E). Aedeagus: Secondary gonopore elongate, cylindrical, membranous, and faint; three elongate, sclerotized endosomal spicules (fig. 11); proximal endosomal spicule (PES) either enclosing secondary gonopore (figs. 38, 41, 42, 45), wrapped sheathlike partially around secondary gonopore (figs. 29, 33, 35, 37) or slightly removed from secondary gonopore (i.e., not wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore) (figs. 28, 32, 34, 36), position ventral or left ventrolateral to secondary gonopore (figs. 11, 38G, 40E); second dorsal endosomal spicule (DES2) position variable, either left lateral to PES (figs. 29, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40D, 41, 42), or sometimes dorsad, left dorsolateral of PES and secondary gonopore (figs. 28, 31D, 32, 34, 36, 44D, 45); first dorsal endosomal spicule (DES1) left lateral (e.g., fig. 29) or dorsad (e.g., fig. 28) to DES2, removed from secondary gonopore; bases of spicules often broad then constricted or narrowing either medially or at bifurcation point, base of all spicules originating proximate to base of secondary gonopore (e.g., figs. 38G, 40E), sometimes PES originating more distal to DES1 and DES2 (e.g., figs. 31D, 32F); PES bifurcate, dividing in distal half or third, rarely more basally, apex of left branch turned downward or perpendicular, right branch projected distally, PES distally serrate (figs. 31, 40, 44); PES rarely with submedial process (fig. 33F); DES2 unbranched (figs. 34, 35, 38, 41, 42, 44E, 45), or bifurcate (figs, 28, 29, 31F, 32, 33, 36. 37), distally serrate or margins entirely smooth; DES1 unbranched or bifurcate, distally serrate and sometimes also medially serrate (fig. 35F), elongate, curved basal keel (DESk) present (figs. 28E, 29D, 32F, 40C, 42H).

Female: Almost identical to male, with slight sexual dimorphism in slightly smaller eyes and shorter hemelytra; mostly sub equal length to males, sometimes slightly smaller or larger than males in average body length, body length 2.81– 5.22 mm. GENITALIA: Vestibulum with heavily sclerotized asymmetrical tubular processes, species specific; ventral labiate plate sclerotized, mesial surface spiniferous, with spiniferous lateral lobes (fig. 46A); dorsal labiate plate with paired spiniferous mediolateral lobes on posterior lateral sides of genital chamber, lobes distally expanded, with broadly acuminate apex directed inward across genital chamber, extending from margin (fig. 46A); sclerotized rings large, anterior surface spiniferous (fig. 46A); posterior wall heavily sclerotized, medial region of posterior wall more lightly sclerotized, margin straight or slightly convex, level with or below anterior margin of interramal sclerites (figs. 46B, 48); interramal sclerites (IRS) deeply divided with V-shaped junction, fused posteriorly below medial region of posterior wall forming posterior margin of posterior wall, posterior margin straight (figs. 46B, 48); IRS with two sets of paired interramal lobes, with species specific differences, partially joined at base (fig. 48); lateral interramal lobes (laIRL) elongate and spiniferous with inner margin smooth and with one (e.g., figs. 46B, 48) or two spiniferous lobes on inner margin at base (e.g., fig. 48); medial interramal lobes (mIRL) ventrad to laIRL, with base partially embedded in socket and partially joined to laIRL at base (outer margin of mIRL to base of inner margin of laIRL); mIRL shorter and broader than laIRL, elongate (only just shorter than laIRL) or short (half-length of laIRL), and sometimes in-between lengths (figs. 46B, 48); mIRL shape variable from subrectangular to subtriangular, apex pointed or round, margins and sometimes also distal surface spiniferous (fig. 48).

Etymology: Named in reference to the callitroid southern conifer host plants of these bugs, in combination with Latin cola meaning “dweller or inhabitant.” The gender is feminine.

Remarks: Callitricola is best recognized by body color, hemelytral membrane color patterning, dorsal vestiture, and shape of the parameres, pygophore, and phallotheca. Callitricola is most closely related to Erysivena and they share the following characters: the body has hairlike simple setae only; the dorsum is bright to pale, and yellowish green in color; a postcuneal clear spot is present; the hemelytral membrane vein is patchily colored; the phallotheca is heavily sclerotized; the left paramere is simple and L-shaped; the pygophore has a round genital opening and dark bristles on the ventral surface; sclerotized tergal processes are present; PES is ventral in position; the basal keel of DES has a membranous attachment; and the interramal lobes are basally fused with the interramal sclerite.

Callitricola and Blattakeraia share similar external characters such as dorsal coloration, a distally broad phallotheca, capped with a membranous proctiger (cf. figs. 25D and 31B), and club-shaped right paramere. Callitricola is distinguished externally by uniform antennal coloration and the structure and positioning of the left paramere in repose. See remarks also for Blatta-keraia for differential diagnosis.

Callitricola is distinguished from Erysivena by: the variable wing-membrane coloration (yellow-orange or green) and lack of color variation on the cuneal tip (cf. often red cuneal tip and uniformly red veins in Erysivena); the uniform shape of the left paramere, which is always positioned inside and extending the full length of the ventral margin of the genital opening (cf. figs. 31A and 72A) and is strongly curved, weakly expanded medially, with a round sensory lobe, elongate, narrow apophysis, and hooked apex (cf. figs. 28B and 49B); the club-shaped right paramere, which is situated mostly within the pygophore, with only the expanded apex protruding (cf. figs. 31B and 52B), and is widest distally, with an apical or subapical flange (cf. figs. 28B and 49C); the straight to weakly concave dorsal margin of the genital opening of the pygophore, which in most cases has a single short tergal process, positioned on left side to submedially (cf. 39F and 51H); the heavily sclerotized, very dark and prominent phallotheca, which protrudes significantly over the ventral margin of the pygophore and beyond the parameres and is easily visible, distally broad, and much darker than in Erysivena, and capped with a membranous proctiger (cf. figs. 31A, B and 52A, B); the caplike membranous proctiger covers the phallotheca (similar to Blattakeraia) (cf. figs. 30H, 31B and 51H, 52A); the uniform greenish coloration of the body without any contrasting coloration on head, antennae, or cuneus (cf. figs. 13 and 14); the green or yellow/ orange hemelytral membrane veins (cf. figs. 13 and 14); the PES that sometimes sheaths the secondary gonopore and is always bifurcate and serrate distally (cf. narrow, tapering and undivided distally with mostly smooth margins in Erysivena) (cf. fig. 11); the lateral lobes of the ventral labiate plate that are more flattened, whereas in Erysivena they are more bulbous, three-dimensional, and club shaped; and the mediolateral lobes on the dorsal labiate plate that are more distally expanded and somewhat acuminate (cf. more round or ovate and padlike in Erysivena) (cf. figs. 46A, 55A).

Callitricola exhibits greater external variation than Erysivena. Accurate identification of species within the genus can be achieved using a combination of external characters, including: body size; hemelytral membrane vein color; and the tergal processes on the dorsal margin of the pygophore. Differentiating closely related species within Callitricola requires confirmation with characters of the right paramere, phallotheca, and aedeagus, postdissection. There is also greater morphological variation in the phallotheca within Callitricola than in Erysivena. Although the left paramere has a very uniform shape across all the species in Callitricola there are a few subtle differences in the shape of the apex, either truncate and round or narrow and tapering, and in the shape of the apical hook, which can be strongly or weakly recurved and rarely lacks a hook.

Identifying female species in Callitricola based on external characters is problematic, unless they are associated with males by collection event. Identification of females to species level is possible using the structure of the interramal lobes and asymmetrical sclerotization of the vestibulum, which are generally species specific, as they are in other orthotyline groups (e.g., Schwartz, 2011; Cassis and Symonds, 2016).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: small size; yellow-green forewing membrane veins; pygophore with one tergal process on dorsal margin, just left lateral of midline, tergal process broad round and spiniferous; left paramere with strong apical hook; right paramere base short, apex strongly curved inward and bulbous, subapical dorsal margin round, apical flange and subapical dorsal margins with small spinelike serrations; phallotheca with twisted point at apex, subapical right ventrolateral tumescence, large lobe on right dorsal margin, medially, and retracted left dorsal margin at base; aedeagus with short PES and DES2 originating above base of secondary gonopore, elongate DES1 originating adjacent to base of secondary gonopore; PES left lateral to secondary gonopore, bifurcate distally with left branch weakly downcurved; DES2 bifurcate, branches unequal in length, distally serrate; DES1 unbranched, elongate; female laIRL slightly wider distally, uncurved, base with large spiniferous lobe, margin of lobe sinuous; mIRL moderately elongate, three-quarters length of laIRL, subovate, apex pointed, margin only serrate.

Description: Male: Moderately small size, subovate, body length 3.13–3.48 mm, pronotal width 0.91–0.96 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum with patches of bright green pigmentation remaining on hemelytra, creating spotted appearance on faded yellow background; forewing membrane light brown, with slightly darker patches laterally, vein yellow-green with color confined to vein only, major cell with faint green spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of medium-brown simple setae, slightly bristlelike. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, AII 1.2× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to mesocoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane short, major membrane vein very slightly rounded (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening straight, with one tergal process medially to just left lateral of midline (not illustrated); left tergal process broad, lobelike, distally round, with spiniferous surface; ventral margin weakly convex medially; phalloguide with small, round, lightly sclerotized, lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation, with minute serrations on right lateral margin of lobe (fig. 28A). Left paramere: Apophysis subrectangular; apex truncate with strongly recurved hook (fig. 28B). Right paramere: Base short; apex strongly curved inward, bulbous, with slight ridge at edge; subapical dorsal margin weakly expanded and angular, continuous with apical margin; apical margin slightly sclerotized, with minute spinelike serrations on surface; mesiolateral surface weakly excavate (fig. 28C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial, narrowing distally; apex with twisted point; large subapical right ventrolateral tumescence; small left lateral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; large lobe on right dorsal margin medially; left dorsal margin retracted medially down to base (fig. 28D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement: PES left lateral to secondary gonopore, not wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsad to secondary gonopore, DES1 dorsad to DES2 (fig. 28); PES and DES2 short with bases originating near apex of secondary gonopore, DES1 elongate with base originating adjacent to base of secondary gonopore; PES bifurcate distally, branches equal length with serrate margins, left branch only weakly downturned; DES2 bifurcate, branches unequal length, distally serrate; DES 1 unbranched, distally serrate, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 28E, F).

Female: Moderately small, subovate, body length 3.13–3.36 mm, pronotal width 0.89–0.96 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL slightly wider distally, uncurved, base with large spiniferous lobe, margin of lobe sinuous; mIRL moderately elongate, three-quarters length of laIRL, subovate, apex pointed, margins serrate.

Etymology: Named after the town of Ballina on the northern coast of New South Wales, near the type locality. Noun in apposition.

Host plants: Known from Callitris columellaris (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Bundjalung National Park, 10 km from Pacific Hwy on road to Black Rocks, 29.17617°S 153.39075°E, 7 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005676) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Bundjalung National Park, 10 km from Pacific Hwy on road to Black Rocks, 29.17617°S 153.39075°E, 7 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005677, 00005678) (AM). Wardell, 16 km S of Ballina on Pacific Hwy, 28.95005°S 153.4658°E, 7 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005679) (AM).

Distribution: Known from two localities in New South Wales (map 2), where it was collected with E. bundjalung (table 2).

Remarks: Although definitively within Callitricola, C. ballina is distinct, and in the phylogenetic analysis is sister to clade 15, comprising five species (fig. 2). The endosomal spicule structure and the retracted left dorsal margin on the phallotheca are unique within the genus (fig. 28D). It possesses some characters in common with C. cordylina and C. graciliphila, including the shape of the apex and lobe on the right dorsal margin of the phallotheca (fig. 28D), the shape of the apophysis and apex of the left paramere, and PES not sheathlike around the secondary gonopore (fig. 28E, F).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: small size; yellow-green faded coloration, forewing membrane veins yellow-green; pygophore margin weakly concave with one small spinelike tergal process, just left lateral of midline; left paramere apophysis tapering, apex narrow with weakly recurved hook; right paramere subovate in lateral view, apex strongly curved inward, forming sclerotized and slightly serrate ridge, subapical dorsal margin round with one small spine-like serration; phallotheca simple, round distally, with small subapical ventral tumescence, and left lateral tumescence; aedeagus with PES wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, left ventrolateral, bifurcate distally with twisted, distally serrate apex on right branch, left branch strongly downturned and slender with smooth margins; DES2 bifurcate medially, branches unequal in length; DES1 unbranched, distally serrate; all spicules originate adjacent to base of secondary gonopore, DES2 longer than DES1 and PES; female laIRL uniformly narrow, curved inward distally, base spiniferous with two spiniferous lobes; mIRL short, half height of laIRL, subtriangular, margins and surface serrate.

Description: Male: Small size, total length 3.16–3.39 mm, pronotal width 0.93–0.97 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellow-green, some-what faded to yellow with few bright green patches of pigmentation retained on lateral margins of hemelytra; forewing membrane, translucent gray-brown, mostly uniform coloration, with very slightly darker patches laterally, veins yellow-green, with color confined to vein, major cell without colored spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale (light-brown) simple setae, few slightly longer and more bristlelike. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, AII 1.2× pronotal width; labium extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately short, major membrane vein round (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening weakly concave, with one tergal process positioned just left lateral of midline; tergal process sclerotized, short, linear, or spinelike, and with jagged distal edge, lacking serration; ventral margin concave medially; phalloguide with small, round lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation; right margin of lobe sclerotized with minute spinelike serrations on margin (fig. 29A). Left paramere: Apophysis tapering, apex narrow, with weakly recurved hook (fig. 29B). Right paramere: Sub ovate in lateral view; apex strongly curved inward and flattened into subtriangular ridge, with sclerotized, weakly serrate margin; subapical dorsal margin round, with one small spinelike serration; inner surface not excavated (not illustrated). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; round distally; small subapical ventral tumescence (fig. 29C); left lateral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence. Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement: PES left ventrolateral to secondary gonopore, wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, DES2 left ventrolateral to PES and secondary gonopore, DES1 left lateral to DES2 (fig. 29); bases of spicules originating at base of secondary gonopore with base of DES1 slightly more basal to those of PES and DES2 (which are adjacent); bases of PES and DES2 flattened and broad, sheathlike, while base of third more tubular; PES bifurcate in distal third, right branch twisted distally with serrate distal margins, left branch narrow and strongly downturned directed basally with smooth margins; DES2 bifurcate medially, branches unequal in length, acuminate apically with smooth distal margins, ventral branch very short, dorsal branch greatly elongate, longer than PES and DES1, dorsal branch also with submedial row of small spinelike serrations; DES1 unbranched, distally serrate, basal keel elongate (DESk) (fig. 29D).

Female: Small, subovate, body length 3.08 mm, pronotal width 0.93 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL uniformly narrow, curved inward distally, base spiniferous with one large and one small spiniferous lobe; mIRL short, half height of laIRL, subtriangular, margins and surface serrate.

Etymology: Named for the type locality, near Boorabbin in southwestern Western Australia. Noun in apposition.

Host plants: Known from Callitris tuberculata (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 92.5 km W of Coolgardie at east side of Boorabbin National Park on Great Eastern Hwy, 31.21233°S 120.31°E, 445 m, 17 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05672058, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016550) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 92.5 km W of Coolgardie at east side of Boorabbin National Park on Great Eastern Hwy, 31.21233°S 120.31°E, 445 m, 17 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05672058, I♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016329), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016330) (AM).

Distribution: Known from one inland locality in the Southwest Interzone phytogeographic subregion of Western Australia (map 2), and was collected with E. drepanomorpha (table 2).

Remarks: Callitricola boorabbin is one of the smallest species of the genus and can be distinguished externally by its small size and the unique left tergal process on the genital opening of the pygophore, which is spinelike and distally jagged (fig. 29A). These characters separate it from C. tatarnici, which is also found in the found in southwestern Western Australia on Callitris tuberculata.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately large size; forewing membrane veins yellow-orange; labium extending over abdomen; pygophore, dorsal margin straight, retracted on left side, with right submedial tergal lobe, lacking tergal processes; left paramere apex truncate with strongly recurved hook; right paramere base elongate, apex twisted, uncurved inward, subapical inner ventral ridge small, without serrations; phallotheca with twisted point at apex, subbasal lobe on right dorsal margin small, subquadrate, with left and right lateral tumescence; aedeagus with PES left ventrolateral and not wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, curving outward away from DES1 and DES2; PES, trifurcate in distal third, with left branch elongate and strongly curved downward; DES2 bifurcate in distal half, branches unequal in length, left branch elongate with an expanded subtriangular apex; DES1 bifurcate in distal half, branches unequal in length, dorsal branch very short, margins serrate, with small lobe below bifurcation point; female laIRL slightly wider at apex and curved inward distally, base with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL elongate, almost as long as laIRL, subtriangular, margins and distal surface (sparsely) serrate.

Description: Male: Moderately large size, elongate, body length 4.49–4.65 mm, pronotal width 1.09–1.20 mm. COLORATION: Bleached by ethanol preservation; forewing membrane light brown, veins with slight orange-yellow tint confined to vein only. VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with A1 1.5× vertex width, AII 1.5× pronotal width; labium elongate, extending beyond metacoxae over abdomen. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of wing membrane elongate, major membrane vein straight. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening straight, retract on left side, with broad tergal lobe, narrowing apically, positioned just right of midline (figs. 30H, 32A); ventral margin very weakly convex medially (fig. 31A); phalloguide broadly subrectangular, margin ventrad to right paramere articulation with very slight sclerotized lobe with minute spinulae (figs. 31B, 32A). Left paramere: Apophysis subrectangular, apex truncate with strongly recurved hook (fig. 32B). Right paramere: Base elongate; apex twisted, not curved inward; subapical inner ventral margin constricted slightly to ridge, slightly more sclerotized than rest of paramere; subapical dorsal margin round; apical and subapical margins smooth; mesiolateral surface weakly excavate (figs. 32C, 31B). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, narrows distally; apex with twisted point (fig. 32E); large subapical ventral tumescence (figs. 32D, 31B); left lateral tumescence; large right lateral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; small subquadrate basal lobe on right dorsal margin, subbasal (fig. 32D, E). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement: with PES left ventrolateral to secondary gonopore, not wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsad to PES and secondary gonopore, DES1 dorsad to DES2 (fig. 32); base of PES more distal to bases of DES2 and DES1 which are adjacent (figs. 31D, E, 32F); PES bifurcate distally, appearing trifurcate with extra branch on right branch, branches unequal in length, constricted with narrow shaft before dividing point, left branch elongate and strongly curved downward, right branch reduced, all branches distally serrate (figs. 31D–F, 32F); DES2 bifurcate in distal half, branches unequal in length, left branch elongate with an expanded subtriangular apex, right branch short with an expanded diamondshaped apex, distal margins of branches serrate (figs. 31E, F, 32F); DES1 distal margins serrate, bifurcate in distal half, branches unequal in length, dorsal branch very short, ventral branch elongate, slightly constricted below leaf-shaped apex (figs. 31F, 32F); DES1 with small lobe below bifurcation point, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 32F).

Female: Moderately large, elongate, body length 4.43–4.85 mm, pronotal width 1.09–1.24 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL slightly wider at apex and curved inward distally, base with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL elongate, almost as long as laIRL, subtriangular, margins and distal surface sparsely serrate.

Etymology: This species name is from the Greek kordylinos meaning “clublike,” after the characteristic shape of the right paramere.

Host plants: Known from Callitris glaucophylla, which is a dominant species in semiarid woodland remnants throughout western and central New South Wales (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Near Pullabooka State Forest, 33.79083°S 147.73777°E, 06 Nov 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016275) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Euglo South State Forest, 33.49111°S 147.24777°E, 06 Nov 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016274) (AM). Gunningbland State Forest, 33.10972°S 147.92944°E, 19 Oct 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00016273) (AM). Gunningbland State Forest, 33.10111°S 147.945°E, 09 Oct 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00016285) (AM). Pullabooka State Forest, 33.77138°S 147.79972°E, 03 Nov 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI00016284) (AM). Pullabooka State Forest, 33.76111°S 147.815°E, 06 Nov 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI00016282) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI00016283) (UNSW). Near Pullabooka State Forest, 33.79083°S 147.73777°E, 06 Nov 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 5♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00016277-00016281) (AM), 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00016276) (UNSW).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Murda State Forest, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 24 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041911) (AM).

Distribution: Known from seven localities in state forests in central western New South Wales (map 2) and collected with six other species, including B. hochuli and C. pullabooka at two localities each (table 2).

Remarks: Callitricola cordylina is most closely related to C. graciliphila but can be differentiated from it by the following characters: smaller size (fig. 13); lack of left tergal process on the dorsal margin of pygophore (cf. figs. 32A and 36A); the right paramere lacking any serrations on the subapical inner ventral and dorsal margins (fig. 32C); the phallotheca with a small subquadrate lobe on the right dorsal margin, subbasally (as opposed to the larger round lobe in C. graciliphila) (cf. figs. 32E and 36E, H); PES with an elongate left downturned branch (short in C. graciliphila) (cf. figs. 32F and 36J); DES2 branches unequal in length, with the left branch having an expanded splayed apex; DES1 with a short apically serrate and acuminate dorsal branch and lobe proximal to the bifurcation point (cf. figs. 32F and 36J); the female laIRL with only one basal process and base not broadly serrate (cf. two basal processes), apex curved inward and weakly expanded (rather than uniform width and straight), and mIRL subtriangular (rather than subrectangular) (cf. fig. 48). See also remarks for C. graciliphila and C. wollemi.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: small size; large, bulbous eyes; pale, dusty green coloration, forewing membrane veins yellow-green; pygophore with comblike, serrate left lateral tergal process; left paramere with tapering apophysis, narrow apex with weakly recurved hook; right paramere base short, apex strongly curved inward with bulbous apical margin; inner ventral margin with small serrate ridge, subapical dorsal margin expanded and bulbous with spinelike serrations; phallotheca with sub apical right lateral tumescence and large, broad lobe on right dorsal margin; aedeagus with PES wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, left ventrolateral position, bifurcate distally, both branches serrate, with small medial process, left branch weakly downturned; DES2 bifurcate with right branch twisted above bifurcation point and distally serrate, left branch forked at apex with smooth margins; DES1 unbranched and shorter than PES and DES2; female laIRL uniformly narrow, curved inward at apex, base with small spiniferous lobe; mIRL moderately elongate, three-quarters height of laIRL, subrectangular with an acuminate apex, margin only serrate.

Description: Male: Small size, total length 2.84–3.11, pronotal width 0.83–0.89 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum dusty pale green, with some darker bright green pigmentation on hemelytral margins, cuneus faded to yellow; forewing membrane translucent gray-brown, slightly darker patches laterally, veins yellow (perhaps faded from green) with color extending onto membrane around vein, major cell without colored spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale simple setae, intermixed with sparse distribution of more elongate darker, midmedium-brown, bristlelike setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Eyes very large, bulbous, greatly exerted from outline of head; antennae with A1 subequal to vertex width, A11 1.2× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus short, major cell subovate, major membrane vein slightly rounded (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening straight, one left lateral tergal process, only weakly produced from margin; left tergal process sclerotized and serrate, comblike (fig. 33A); ventral margin weakly convex medially; phalloguide with small, slightly sclerotized lobe, at base of right paramere articulation (fig. 33A). Left paramere: Apophysis tapering apically, apex narrow with strongly recurved hook (fig. 33B). Right paramere: Base short; paramere round in lateral view; apex strongly curved inward, apical margin bulbous; inner ventral margin with small sclerotized ridge, with minute serrations on margin; apical dorsal margin expanded into bulbous lobe, with small spinelike serrations; inner surface excavated (fig. 33C). Phallotheca: Opening large, distal to medial; strongly curved to right side; apical margin round; apex flattened; large subapical right ventrolateral tumescence; small left lateral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; large medial lobe on right dorsal margin (fig. 33D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement: PES left ventrolateral to secondary gonopore, base wrapped sheathlike around part of secondary gonopore, DES2 left dorsolateral to PES, DES1 left lateral to DES2 (fig. 33); bases of PES and DES2 spicules flattened and broad, base of DES1 tubular and narrower; bases of all spicules originating adjacently at base of secondary gonopore (fig. 33F); PES bifurcate in distal third, branches subequal in length and both distally serrate, small, hooklike submedial process below bifurcation point, left branch weakly downcurved (fig. 33F); DES2 bifurcate in distal half, left branch bifurcate at apex with smooth distal margins, right branch twisted just above bifurcation point with serrate distal margins, right branch slightly shorter than left branch, left branch slightly longer than PES; DES1 unbranched, distally serrate, significantly shorter than other two spicules, basal keel elongate (DESk) (fig. 33E, F).

Female: Small, sub ovate, body length 2.81– 3.22 mm, pronotal width 0.82–0.89 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL uniformly narrow, curved inward at apex, base with small spiniferous lobe; mIRL moderately elongate, three-quarters height of laIRL, subrectangular with an acuminate apex, margin serrate.

Etymology: Named after the type locality in Finke Gorge, central Australia. Noun in apposition.

Host plants: Known from Callitris glaucophylla (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Finke Gorge National Park, Palm Valley, 24.03333°S 132.7101°E, 586 m, 04 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW666321, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016207) (MAGNT).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Finke Gorge National Park, Palm Valley, 24.03333°S 132.7101°E, 586 m, 04 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW666321, 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016203-00016206), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016210-AMNH_PBI 00016215) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016208, 00016209), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016216-00016218) (MAGNT). Kings Canyon, Watarrka National Park, 24.25001°S 131.5689°E, 633 m, 02 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016220, 00016221), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016224-00016226, 00016230, 00016231) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016222, 00016223), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016227-00016229) (MAGNT).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Finke Gorge National Park, Palm Valley, 24.03333°S 132.7101°E, 586 m, 04 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW666321, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016219) (AM). Kings Canyon, Watarrka National Park, 24.25001°S 131.5689°E, 633 m, 02 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016232) (AM).

Distribution: Known from two localities in central Australia, Kings Canyon and Finke Gorge (map 2). This is the only Callitricola species from the Northern Territory.

Remarks: Callitricola finke is the smallest species in the genus and of all other callitroidinhabiting orthotylines. It is recognized by its pale dusty coloration, large, bulbous eyes (fig. 13), the phallotheca has a flattened and rounded apex as well as a prominent subapical right ventrolateral tumescence (fig. 33D), the shapes of PES and DES2 (fig. 33E, F), and the female interramal lobes with a more slender laIRL, and more slender and apically acuminate mIRL (fig. 48). This is a very distinctive species within Callitricola and C. gammonensis and C. wiradjuri are also a slighter paler and more dusty yellow-green (cf. to bright yellow-green). Callitricola finke is distinguished from both these species by its single serrate comblike left tergal process and the body is smaller than C. wiradjuri (fig. 13). See also remarks for C. gammonensis.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately large size; forewing membrane veins yellow-orange; pygophore dorsal margin weakly concave with one tergal process, just left lateral of midline; left tergal process short with round spiniferous apex; left paramere apex truncate with strongly recurved, reduced hook; right paramere subtriangular in lateral view, apex weakly curved inward forming small ridge on inner ventral margin with minute. spinelike marginal serrations, subapical dorsal margin strongly expanded, bulbous, with strong, spinelike serrations; phallotheca with doubled subapical ventral tumescence, left dorsal margin with large broad lobe folding partially over dorsal opening; aedeagus with PES not wrapped sheathlike around and left ventral to secondary gonopore, bifurcate basally, branches unequal in length, shorter than DES1 and DES2; DES2 unbranched, with submedial smooth threadlike process; DES1 unbranched, with broad base, broad subrectangular and serrate apex; female laIRL apex slightly wider and curved inward, base spiniferous with one small spiniferous lobe; mIRL short, half length of LaIRL, subtriangular, margins and distal surface (sparsely) serrate.

Description: Male: Moderately large size, body length 3.85–4.14 mm, pronotal width 1.02–1.18 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellow-green, with patches of bright green pigmentation on lateral margins of hemelytra around cuneal fracture and spotted, bright green pigmentation across hemelytra; forewing membrane light brown with slightly darker patches laterally, vein yellow-orange, color confined to vein, major cell without color spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of medium-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Eyes very large, bulbous, exerted strongly from outline of head; antennae with AI 1.5× vertex width, AII 1.3× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to mesocoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus short; major cell of membrane elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening weakly concave, with one tergal process positioned just left lateral of midline; tergal process sclerotized, short, linear, apex round with minute spinelike serrations (fig. 34A); ventral margin slightly concave medially; phalloguide with small, round lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation; right margin of lobe with minute, spinelike serrations (fig. 34A). Left paramere: Apophysis subrectangular; apex truncate with strongly recurved hook (fig. 34B); hook weak, reduced (fig. 34C). Right paramere: Base short; subtriangular in lateral view; apex weakly curved inward, forming slightly pointed, sclerotized ridge with minute, spinelike serrations at tip, on inner ventral margin, extended as small flange; subapical dorsal margin enlarged, bulbous, sclerotized, surface covered with large spinelike serrations; mesiolateral surface weakly excavated (fig. 34D). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; slightly pointed at apex; doubled subapical ventral tumescence; large right lateral tumescence; basal lobe on right dorsal margin, broad, submedial; left dorsal margin with large, broad lobe folding partially over dorsal opening of phallotheca (not shown in illustration) (fig. 34E). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 34): PES left ventral to secondary gonopore, removed slightly from and not sheathing secondary gonopore (fig. 34F); DES2 dorsad to PES and left lateral to secondary gonopore, DES1 dorsad to DES2 and left dorsolateral to secondary gonopore; bases of spicules originating above (more distal to) base of secondary gonopore, all adjacent; bases of spicules flattened and broad, sheathlike; PES bifurcate basally, branches unequal in length and distally serrate, left branch broad and leaf shaped, weakly down turned, right branch narrow, tapering to apex, PES shorter than DES2 and DES1, which are subequal (fig. 34G); DES2 unbranched, with submedial smooth threadlike process, narrow medially between expanded base and apex, distally serrate, apex pointed at tip (fig. 34F, G); DES1 unbranched, base very broad, narrows medially, apex subrectangular with serrate margins (fig. 34F), basal keel short (DESk).

Female: Moderately large, subovate, body length 4.02–4.27 mm, pronotal width 1.09–1.18 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL and laIRL partially joined at base; laIRL apex slightly wider and curved inward, base spiniferous with one small spiniferous lobe; mIRL short, half length of LaIRL, subtriangular, margins and distal surface sparsely serrate.

Etymology: This species is named in honor of Hannah Mathews (nee Finlay), in recognition of her magnificent taxonomic illustrations of Australian Miridae, including those in this paper.

Host plant: Known from Callitris intratropica (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Kennedy Hwy at Kay Rd, 10 km E of Mareeba, 16.98893°S 145.5084°E, 446 m, 18 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005683) (QM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 10 km E of Mareeba, jct of Kennedy Hwy & Kay Rd, 17.99041°S 145.5075°E, 450 m, 31 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00005700), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005704-00005708) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005698, 00005699), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005701-00005703) (QM). Kennedy Hwy, 8 km E of Mareeba, 16.98458°S 145.4975°E, 454 m, 20 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005695, 00005696) (AM), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005697) (QM). Kennedy Hwy, approx. 9 km E of Mareeba, 16.98621°S 145.5031°E, 450 m, 20 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005689), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005690-00005693) (AM), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005694) (QM). Kennedy Hwy at Kay Rd, 10 km E of Mareeba, 16.98893°S 145.5084°E, 446 m, 18 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005682), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005687, 00005688) (AM), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005684-00005686) (QM). Surprise Creek, 1.5 km along track from Watkins Lookout, 16.84427°S 145.6384°E, 310 m, 19 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID; morphologically distinct population, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005711), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005712, 00005713) (AM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Surprise Creek, 1.5 km along track from Watkins Lookout, 16.84427°S 145.6384°E, 310 m, 19 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID; morphologically distinct population, 2 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005709, 00005710) (AM).

Distribution: Known from two localities in close proximity in the savannah woodlands around Mareeba on the Atherton Tablelands, in northeastern Queensland (map 2). It cooccurs with E. mareeba at both localities (table 2).

Remarks: Callitricola finlayae is similar to C. parawirra from the male genitalia, but can be differentiated as follows: the right paramere has small spinelike serrations on the mesiolateral surface (absent in C. parawirra), a more curved apex, and a smaller flange on the inner ventral surface arising from the apex (rather than being large and arising subapically to medially as in C. parawirra) (cf. figs. 34D and 37D); the phallotheca has a smaller lobe on the left dorsal margin, only partially covering the dorsal opening (which is more enlarged and fully covering the dorsal opening in C. parawirra) (cf. figs. 34E and 37E); and PES is not wrapped sheathlike around the secondary gonopore and branches proximate to the base (rather than branching more distally in C. parawirra) (cf. figs. 34G and 37G). See also remarks for C. parawirra.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately small size; large eyes; pale, dusty yellow-green coloration; forewing membrane veins yellow-green; pygophore dorsal margin with one left lateral tergal process, short digitiform and distally serrate; pygophore, right side lobe on phalloguide with large sclerotized and spiniferous pad; left paramere apophysis tapering, apex narrow with weakly recurved hook; right paramere base short, subquadrate in lateral view, deeply excavated groove on inner ventral margin, apex strongly curved, inward and ventrally forming sclerotized and slightly serrate ridge, subapical dorsal margin round with small spinelike serrations; phallotheca strongly curved to right side, round apex with large left lateral tumescence, large right lateral basal tumescence; aedeagus with PES wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, ventral position, bifurcate distally, both branches distally serrate; DES2 unbranched, apex acuminate with smooth margins; DES1 unbranched, expanded medially, distally and medially serrate; female laIRL uniformly narrow and straight, base with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL subrectangular, moderate length, two-thirds length of laIRL, margin only serrate.

Description: Male: Moderately small size, total length 3.19–3.59 mm, pronotal width 0.80– 0.97 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum mostly faded to yellow with some dusty/pale green coloration on posterior half of pronotum and lateral margins of hemelytra; forewing membrane translucent, clear medially, light gray-brown laterally, veins yellow (faded) with color suffused slightly onto surrounding membrane, major cell with faint green spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of lightbrown simple setae, intermixed with more sparse distribution of longer, more bristlelike, lightbrown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Eyes exerted greatly from outline of head; antennae with A1 subequal to vertex width, AII 1.4× pronotal width; labium elongate, extending just beyond metacoxae over abdomen. Hemelytra: Cuneus moderately elongate, major cell of membrane elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening straight, with one tergal process, positioned medially to just left lateral of midline; tergal process short, linear, and distally serrate; ventral margin weakly convex medially; phalloguide with small, round lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation, right margin of lobe enlarged, sclerotized, surface spiniferous (fig. 35A). Left paramere: Apophysis tapering; apex narrow with very small, weakly recurved hook (fig. 35B). Right paramere: Base short, subquadrate in lateral view; apex strongly curved inward ventrally with small sclerotized ridge, with few small serrations; subapical dorsal margin round, with few small spinelike serrations spread broadly across surface; inner ventral surface with strongly excavated groove (fig. 35C). Phallotheca: Opening large, distal to medial; strongly curved to right side; apex round; lobe on right dorsal margin extending from below apex to base, weakly expanded, small subapical ventral tumescence; large left lateral tumescence; large right lateral basal tumescence (fig. 35D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 35): PES ventral to secondary gonopore, base wrapped sheathlike around part of secondary gonopore; DES2 left lateral to PES, DES1 left lateral to DES2; bases of spicules flattened and broad; bases of all spicules originating adjacently at base of secondary gonopore (fig. 35E, F); PES bifurcate in distal third, branches subequal in length, both distally serrate, left branch strongly downcurved (fig. 35E); DES2 unbranched, acuminate apically, margins smooth (fig. 35E, F); DES1 unbranched, expanded medially, tapering apically, distally serrate margins, medially serrate on one side of expanded margin, basal keel elongate (DESk) (fig. 35F).

Female: Relatively small, body length 3.16–3.33 mm, pronotal width 0.83–0.86 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL uniformly narrow, straight, base with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL subrectangular, moderate length, two-thirds length of laIRL, margin serrate.

Etymology: Named after the type locality in the Gammon Ranges, South Australia.

Host plant: Known from Callitris glaucophylla (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 12 km E of Nepabunna, Gammon Ranges National Park, 30.60057°S 139.092°E, 440 m, 07 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW427486, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016259) (SAMA).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 12 km E of Nepabunna, Gammon Ranges National Park, 30.60057°S 139.092°E, 440 m, 07 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW427486, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016261, 00016265), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016264) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00016260), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016262, 00016263) (SAMA).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 12 km E of Nepabunna, Gammon Ranges National Park, 30.60057°S 139.092°E, 440 m, 07 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016562) (AM).

Distribution: Known from one locality in central eastern (outback) South Australia, in the Gammon Ranges (map 2), and collected with Avititerra xerophila (table 2).

Remarks: Callitricola gammonensis is distinct in comparison to congeners based on characters of the male genitalia. This includes the pygophore having a large sclerotized and spiniferous lobe on the phalloguide ventrad to right paramere articulation (larger than all other species in the group) (fig. 35A), and the right paramere quadrate (fig. 35C), rather than subovate to ovate, which is typical of the genus. This species is similar in external appearance to C. finke, which is pale green and small in size, but the latter differs by being more dusty pale green, having larger bulbous eyes, and being smaller in size (cf. fig 13). The parameres of C. gammonensis bear some resemblance to those of C. finke, in that both have a slender left paramere and more subquadrate to round right paramere. However, the right paramere of C. gammonensis differs by being more subquadrate rather than more round as in C. finke, oriented more ventrally, with a deeper groove on the mesiolateral surface and a round and unexpanded subapical dorsal margin, which is expanded in C. finke. The linear, apically serrate, left submedial tergal process on the ventral margin of the pygophore also differentiates this species from C. finke, which has a serrate comblike tergal process. This tergal process type is found in C. gammonensis as well as C. ballina, C. boorabbin, C. parawirra, and C. finlayae.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: large size: labium extends over abdomen; forewing membrane veins yellow-orange; pygophore dorsal margin weakly concave, with right submedial tergal lobe and left lateral tergal process; left paramere, apophysis subrectangular, apex truncate with strongly recurved hook; right paramere, base elongate, apex twisted but not curved inward, subapical inner ventral ridge small, subapical margins serrate; phallotheca with twisted point at apex, subbasal lobe on right dorsal margin large and round, with left and right lateral tumescence; aedeagus with spicules all compact and situated adjacent, PES not wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, appears trifurcate in distal third, branches short, equal length or left branch slightly longer than divided right branch, left branch strongly curved downward; DES2 bifurcate in distal half, branches equal in length, both narrow and acuminate; DES1 bifurcate in distal half, branches unequal in length, dorsal branch greatly reduced to round lobe with smooth margins; female laIRL uniform width, straight, base spiniferous with two spiniferous lobes; mIRL elongate, almost as long as laIRL, subrectangular, margins and distal surface (sparsely) serrate.

Description: Male: Large size, elongate, body length 5.13–5.73 mm, pronotal width 1.14–1.35 mm. COLORATION: Faded yellow-green dorsum, often faded to yellow; forewing membrane light brown, veins yellow-orange with tint confined to vein only, major cell with dark green spot medially that is sometimes faded in dried specimens (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with AI 1.5× vertex width, All 2× pronotal width; labium elongate, extending beyond metacoxae over abdomen. Hemelytra: Cuneus elongate; major cell of membrane greatly elongate, major membrane vein straight. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening weakly concave, with one sclerotized left lateral tergal process, and broad tergal lobe, narrowing apically, positioned right of midline; left tergal process, short, digitiform, surface from base to apex with minute spinelike serrations, apex round; ventral margin very weakly convex medially; phalloguide broadly subrectangular, margin ventrad to right paramere articulation with weakly expanded round lobe, sclerotized and with minute spinulae (fig. 36A). Left paramere: Apophysis subrectangular, apex truncate with strongly recurved hook (fig. 36B). Right paramere: Base elongate; apex twisted, not curved inward; inner subapical ventral margin constricted to form small, well-defined ridge, slightly more sclerotized than rest of paramere, margin with minute spinulae; subapical inner dorsal margin slightly swollen, covered with minute spinulae; mesiolateral surface weakly excavate (fig. 36C, D). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, pointed distally; apex with twisted point; large subapical ventral tumescence; left lateral tumescence; large right lateral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; large, round lobe on right dorsal margin, subbasal (figs. 36E–H). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 36): PES left ventrolateral to secondary gonopore, not wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsad to PES and secondary gonopore, DES1 dorsad to DES2; base of PES slightly more distal to bases of DES1 and DES2 (which are adjacent) (fig. 36I, J); PES, bifurcate in distal third, branches short, constricted slightly before bifurcation point, left branch short and strongly curved downward, right branch very short, further divided at apex, all branches distally serrate (fig. 36I); DES2 bifurcate in distal half, branches equal in length, both narrow and acuminate, distally serrate (fig. 36J); DES1 bifurcate in distal half, branches unequal in length, dorsal branch greatly reduced to round lobe with smooth margins, ventral branch elongate slightly constricted below leaf-shaped apex, distal margins serrate (fig. 36J); DES1 basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 36J).

Female: Large, slightly subovate, body length 4.55–5.22 mm, pronotal width 1.17–1.31 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL uniform width, straight, base spiniferous with two spiniferous lobes, one large and one small; mIRL elongate, almost as long as laIRL, subrectangular, margins and distal surface sparsely serrate.

Etymology: The name of this species come from a combination of the host-plant species name Callitris gracilis and Greek phila meaning “lover.”

Host plants: Known from Callitris gracilis in Victoria and Callitris verrucosa in South Australia (table 2). Hosts from two other localities in South Australia were unable to be identified to species; this is in a region where a number of Callitris species are known to cooccur and hybridize (Hill, 1998).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 7 km E Para Wirra National Park near Williamstown, 34.70001°S 138.85°E, 250 m, 31 Oct 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Callitris sp., Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00002453) (SAMA).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 7 km E Para Wirra National Park near Williamstown, 34.70001°S 138.85°E, 250 m, 31 Oct 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Callitris sp., Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00002452), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00002455-00002459) (AMNH), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00002454), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00002460-00002463) (SAMA). 11 km W of Gawler, 34.60001°S 138.6167°E, 100 m, 31 Oct 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Callitris glaucophylla or gracilis, det. K.D. Hill 1996 NSW 395960, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016328) (AM), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000302, 00000303) (AMNH), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016327) (SAMA). Road to Streaky Bay from Poochera, 32.73441°S 134.7605°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris sp., det. Field ID, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016323, 00016324) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000152) (AMNH), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016325, 00016326) (SAMA). Victoria: Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.46302°S 142.0464°E, 65 m, 04 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris gracilis, det. RBG Sydney NSW658101, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016321, 00016322), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016337) (AM), 7♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003935-00003940, 00003942), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003933) (AMNH), det. RBG Sydney NSW658101, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003941), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003934) (MVMA).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.4493°S 140.874°E, 120 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00021797-AMNH_PBI 00021800) (AM). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62872°S 140.8598°E, 100 m, 09 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00008002, 00008003), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00021795, 00021796) (AM).

Distribution: Known from six localities spanning northwestern Victoria to the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia (map 2). It was collected with other Callitricola and Erysivena species, including at four localities with E. schwartzi (table 2).

Remarks: The form of PES and the phallotheca relates Callitricola graciliphila to C. cordylina. It can be differentiated from C. cordylina by the following characters (cf. figs. 13, 32): larger size; presence of a left lateral tergal process on the pygophore; a larger right subbasal lobe on the phallotheca; PES having a shorter and downturned left branch; DES2 more distally bifurcate in the distal third, with the subbranches of equal length and narrow; DES1 having a short dorsal branch reduced to a round lobe with smooth margins; the female laIRL of uniform width and narrow with two basal lobes (as opposed to slightly broader and incurved distally, with only one basal lobe); and the mIRL subrectangular (rather than subtriangular). In C. cordylina all endosomal spicules are more elongate and slender and PES curves away from the base and then back toward DES1 and DES2 (figs. 31D, F, 32F); DES2 possesses a distinctive splayed apex on the longer branch (fig. 31D), and DES1 has only a small lobe below the bifurcation point and is then divided with slender serrate branches (figs. 31E, 32F). Due to the large body size and distinctive yellow wing membrane venation, this species is easily distinguished from the other species with which it cooccurs, C. parawirra and C. silveirae.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderate size; forewing membrane veins bright green, with bright green spot in major cell; pygophore dorsal margin weakly concave with one tergal process, just left lateral or midline, tergal process short with round spiniferous apex; left paramere apophysis subrectangular; apex truncate with either strongly recurved, reduced hook or without hook, replaced with two small prongs; right paramere subtriangular in lateral view, apex flattened, not curved inward, large ridge on inner subapical ventral margin with small cluster of spinelike serrations, subapical dorsal margin strongly expanded, with strong, spinelike serrations; phallotheca with doubled subapical ventral tumescence, left dorsal margin with large, broad lobe folding completely over dorsal opening; aedeagus with PES wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, left ventrolateral position, bifurcate medially, distally serrate, left branch strongly directed downward, right branch broad, small threadlike process below bifurcation; DES2 with broad base, bifurcate in distal third, branches of sub equal length, distally serrate; DES1 unbranched, with broad base, serrate apex, shorter than other two spicules.

Description: Male: Midsized, total length 3.67–3.97 mm, pronotal length 1.06–1.16 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum mostly yellow-green, often faded to yellow with patches of bright green pigmentation remaining on hemelytra, creating spotted appearance on faded yellow background; forewing membrane light brown, with slightly darker patches laterally, vein bright green with color extending onto surrounding membrane, major cell with bright green spot, sometimes faint due to fading (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of medium to dark brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, All subequal to pronotal width; labium midlength, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately elongate, major membrane vein slightly round (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening weakly concave, with one tergal process positioned just left lateral of midline; tergal process sclerotized, short, linear, apex round and with few minute spinelike serrations at tip; ventral margin slightly concave medially; phalloguide with small, round lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation; right half of lobe sclerotized with minute spinelike serrations on surface (fig. 37A). Left paramere: Apophysis subrectangular; apex truncate with either strongly recurved, reduced hook (fig. 37C) or without hook, replaced with two small prongs (fig. 37B); sensory lobe very slightly angular. Right paramere: Base short; subtriangular in lateral view; apex uncurved inward, flattened and slightly concave; subapical dorsal margin enlarged, bulbous, sclerotized, surface covered with large spinelike serrations; inner subapical ventral margin expanded into prominent, sclerotized ridge or flange, margin irregular with small cluster of spinelike serrations; inner surface weakly excavated (fig. 37D). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; slightly pointed at apex; doubled subapical ventral tumescence (fig. 37F); large right lateral tumescence (fig. 37E); broad basal lobe on right dorsal margin (fig. 37E); left dorsal margin with large, broad lobe folding completely over dorsal opening of phallotheca (fig. 37E, F). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 37): PES left ventrolateral to secondary gonopore, wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, DES2 left lateral to first spicule and secondary gonopore, DES1 left lateral to DES2; bases of spicules originating at base of secondary gonopore, all adjacent (fig. 37H); bases of spicules flattened and broad, sheathlike; PES bifurcate medially, branches subequal in length and distally serrate, left branch directed basally, strongly downturned and narrow, right branch directed distally and broad with pointed apex; PES also with small submedial threadlike process on dorsal margin, before bifurcations point; DES2 bifurcate medially, branches subequal in length, constricted at bifurcation point and then leaf shaped to apex with distally serrate margins; DES1 unbranched, base very broad, narrowing in distal third, apex serrate, shorter than PES and DES2 spicules, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 37G, H).

Female: Smaller than male, body length 3.29–3.33 mm, pronotal width 1.07 mm. GENITALIA: Unknown. Female specimens not dissected.

Etymology: Named for the type locality, the Para Wirra Conservation Park, in South Australia. Noun in apposition.

Host plants: Known from Callitris gracilis and C. verrucosa in Victoria and an unidentified Callitris species at two localities in South Australia (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 7 km E Para Wirra National Park near Williamstown, 34.70001°S 138.85°E, 250 m, 31 Oct 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Callitris sp., det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000255) (SAMA).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 7 km E Para Wirra National Park near Williamstown, 34.70001°S 138.85°E, 250 m, 31 Oct 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Callitris sp., det. Field ID, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000256, 00000263) (AM), 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000251, 00000252, 00000257, 00000258, AMNH_PBI) (AMNH), 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000254, 00000259, 00000260, 00000264) (SAMA). Victoria: Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.45218°S 142.066°E, 78 m, 05 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW658107, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016561) (AM). Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.46302°S 142.0464°E, 65 m, 04 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris gracilis, det. RBG Sydney NSW658101, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016560) (AM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: road to Streaky Bay from Poochera, 32.73441°S 134.7605°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris sp. (Cupressaceae), det. Field ID, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000148, 00000150) (AMNH).

Distribution: Callitricola parawirra is known from semiarid southern Australia, from northwestern Victoria to just northeast of Adelaide (map 3). It was collected with Callitricola gracil- iphila and Erysivena schwartzi at two localities, and with E. schuhi near Streaky Bay and E. drepanomorpha in Victoria (table 2). It has a similar range to C. graciliphila, but does not extend as far west (map 2). It similarly has a smaller range than the other cooccurring species (maps 4–5).

Remarks: Callitricola parawirra is larger than C. boorabbin and C. gammonensis, and is of a similar size to C. finlayae. It differs from C. finlayae by having smaller and less bulbous eyes, green hemelytral membrane veins and a prominent green spot within the major cell (fig. 13). The PES of C. parawirra resembles that of C. boorabbin, with the small threadlike process proximal to the bifurcation point (cf. figs. 29D, 37G), which does not occur in any other Callitricola species. See also remarks for C. finlayae.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: small size; forewing membrane veins green; pygophore dorsal margin with medial tumescence, one left lateral tergal process arising from tergal plate, tergal process broad serrate comb; left paramere with narrow apex with weakly recurved hook; right paramere base short, apex curved inward forming slightly pointed flange, subapical dorsal margin round, small spinelike serrations on apical flange and subapical dorsal margin; phallotheca with large right basal tumescence and lobe on right dorsal margin; aedeagus with PES fully enclosing secondary gonopore, with perpendicular directed or strongly downturned left branch; DES2 unbranched; DES1 bifurcate, with both branches elongate, subequal; female laIRL wider at apex and curved inward distally, base with two lobes—one round and spiniferous, one with acutely pointed apex and only margins serrate; mIRL moderately elongate, three-quarters length of laIRL, subrectangular, margin only serrate.

Description: Male: Small size, body length 3.20–3.51 mm, pronotal width 0.84–0.97 mm. COLORATION: Bleached by ethanol preservation; forewing membrane light brown, veins retaining slight green tint, bleeding to membrane surrounding veins (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae, AI subequal to vertex width, All 1.2× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell moderately elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening straight, medial tumescence at margin, one sclerotized tergal process positioned left lateral arising from tergal plate, tergal process, broad, serrate comb shape (figs. 38A, 39F, 40A); ventral margin convex medially, phalloguide with small, slightly sclerotized lobe at base of right paramere articulation (figs. 38A, 40B). Left paramere: Apophysis tapering apically, apex narrow with weakly recurved hook (figs. 38B, 40B). Right paramere: Base short; paramere round in lateral view; apex curved inward forming small, slightly pointed flange (fig. 40B), margin with small spinelike serrations; subapical dorsal margin round with small spinelike serrations; mesiolateral surface excavated, concave (fig. 38C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; round distally; large subapical ventral tumescence; large right lateral basal tumescence (figs. 38A, 40A, B). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 38): PES with tubular base entire and wholly sheathing secondary gonopore, opening medially through which apex of secondary gonopore protrudes, distal portion of PES left lateral to secondary gonopore (fig. 38F, G, 40E), DES2 left lateral to PES (fig. 40E), DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2 (fig. 40C, D); bases of all spicules originating adjacently at base of secondary gonopore; DES2 and DES1 flattened at base (rather than tubular); all spicules subequal in length; PES bifurcate medially, branches elongate, distally serrate, left branch either perpendicular (fig. 38F, G) or strongly downturned (fig. 40D); DES2 unbranched, distally serrate (figs. 38G, 40D); DES1, bifurcate in distal half, branches subequal in length and distally serrate, basal keel (DESk) short (figs. 38G, 40C).

Female: GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL wider at apex and curved inward distally, base with one spiniferous lobe and one subtriangular lobe with serrate margins only; mIRL moderately elongate, three-quarters length of laIRL, subrectangular, margin serrate.

Etymology: Named after the type locality, Pullabooka State Forest, in New South Wales. Noun in apposition.

Host plant: Known from Callitris glaucophylla (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Pullabooka State Forest, 33.82444°S 147.81361°E, 05 Nov 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016294) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Euglo South State Forest, 33.53°S 147.27861°E, 08 Dec 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016301, 00016302), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016304) (AM), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005829) (UNSW). Euglo South State Forest, 33.505°S 147.22972°E, 09 Dec 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016303) (AM). Murda State Forest, 33.06972°S 147.13527°E, 09 Feb 1999, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016300) (AM). Murda State Forest, 33.01916°S 147.28583°E, 11 Feb 1999, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016295-00016298) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016299) (UNSW). Murda State Forest, 33.0175°S 147.26611°E, 11 Feb 1999, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016286, 00016287, 00016291, 00016292) (AM). Pullabooka State Forest, 33.84111°S 147.81027°E, 05 Nov 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016293) (AM).

Distribution: Known from seven localities in close proximity in central New South Wales on the southwestern slopes of the Great Dividing Range (map 3). Cooccurs with four other species (table 2) including C. cordylina, which is also known only from this region (map 2).

Remarks: Callitricola pullabooka is closely related to the Western Australian species C. tatarnici, but can be distinguished from it by the smaller size; slightly more bulbous eyes; the basal tumescence on the right dorsal margin of the phallotheca large, and the lobe on the right dorsal margin smaller (cf. figs. 38E and 42F); the right paramere slightly less excavated (cf. figs. 38C and 42C); PES not as narrow having few serrations on the distal half (cf. figs. 38G and 42H); the female laIRL having adjacent basal lobes, of equal size, with one round and spiniferous and the other acute with serrations restricted to the inner only (cf. fig. 48); and the mIRL only three-quarters the length of the laIRL (cf. fig. 48). See alsore-marks for C. tatarnici and C. wiradjuri.

No females of this species were measured, and dried female specimens cannot be distinguished from the cooccurring species, C. wiradjuri.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; forewing membrane veins yellow-green; pygophore dorsal margin with medial tumescence, one left lateral tergal process arising from tergal plate; left tergal process a broad, serrate comb with one prominent spine; left paramere apex narrow with weakly recurved hook; right paramere base short, apex curved inward and slightly pointed, weak ridge on inner subapical ventral surface, subapical dorsal margin round, with few small spinelike serrations on subapical ridge and subapical dorsal margin; phallotheca with small right basal tumescence, large subbasal lobe on right dorsal margin; aedeagus with all three spicules subequal in length; PES fully enclosing secondary gonopore, with strongly downturned left branch; DES2 unbranched; DES1 bifurcate with one branch elongate and one very short; female laIRL slightly wider at apex and weakly curved inward distally, base spiniferous with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL half length of laIRL, subrectangular, margin serrate.

Description: Male: Midsized, total length 4.12–4.15 mm, pronotal width 0.86–0.96 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellow-green, often faded to yellow, with bright green patches retained on lateral margins of cuneus and embolium and at cuneal fracture; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally, veins yellow-green with pigmentation bleeding onto surrounding membrane, major cell with bright green spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, All 1.4× pronotal width; labium mid-length, extending to mesocoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of wing membrane moderately elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening straight, medial tumescence at margin (not illustrated), one sclerotized tergal process positioned left lateral arising from tergal plate; tergal process, broad comblike with one prominent spine; ventral margin convex medially; phalloguide with small, slightly sclerotized lobe at base of right paramere articulation, marginally serrate on right edge (fig. 41 A). Left paramere: Apophysis tapering, apex narrow with weakly recurved hook (fig. 41B). Right paramere: Base short; paramere subovate in lateral view; apex curved inward and slightly pointed to form small lobe, margin forming weak ridge on inner subapical ventral surface, with few small spinelike serrations; subapical dorsal margin round, with few small spinelike serrations; mesiolateral surface excavated (fig. 41C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; round distally; moderately large subapical ventral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; large sub-basal lobe on right dorsal margin (fig. 41D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 41): PES with tubular base entire and wholly sheathing secondary gonopore, opening medially through which apex of secondary gonopore protrudes, with distal portion of PES left lateral to secondary gonopore, DES2 left lateral to first, DES1 left dorsolateral to second; bases of all spicules originating adjacently at base of secondary gonopore; DES2 and DES1 flattened at base (rather than tubular); PES unbranched, sparsely serrate distally with elongate, distally serrate medial process, projected perpendicular to spicule; DES2 unbranched, distally serrate, sub-equal length to DES1 and PES; DES1 bifurcate in distal half, branches unequal in length, right branch elongate and serrate distally, left branch very short with smooth margins, basal keel (DESk) short.

Female: Moderately sized, body length 3.68–3.86 mm, pronotal width 0.97–1.00 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL slightly wider at apex and weakly curved inward distally, base spiniferous with large spiniferous lobe, margin of spiniferous lobe sinuous; mIRL half length of laIRL, subrectangular, apex square, margin serrate.

Etymology: Named in honor of Rossana Silveira, in recognition of her contribution to the taxonomy and knowledge of Australian Heteroptera including collecting and curating of collections of Miridae and Heteroptera more broadly across Australia, including this species.

Host plant: Known from Callitris verrucosa (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.60421°S 140.8646°E, 125 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000186) (SAMA).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.60421°S 140.8646°E, 125 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016335, 00016336), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016332) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000185, 00000189) (AMNH), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016331) (SAMA). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62872°S 140.8598°E, 100 m, 09 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016333) (AM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.60421°S 140.8646°E, 125 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016334) (AM).

Distribution: Callitricola silveirae is only from sandy open woodlands at two sites in Scorpion Springs Conservation Park, in southeastern South Australia (map 3). It has been collected with C. graciliphila, E. drepanomorpha, and E. schuhi (table 2) at both these sites.

Remarks: Callitricola silveirae is differentiated from C. pullabooka and C. tatarnici by the smaller eyes (in relation to head height); shape of the right paramere more subovate rather than round; unequal lengths and irregular shapes of the branches of DES1 (fig. 41E, F); the broad tergal process on the genital opening of the pygophore with one prominent spine and not a more uniformly serrate comb (fig. 41 A); female mIRL short, only half the height of laIRL, and the laIRL has only one (large) basal lobe rather than two (fig. 48). The shape of the right paramere is akin to that of C. wiradjuri, with the more subovate shape, slightly pointed apex, and the presence of a ridge on the inner ventral surface (cf. round apex of right paramere in C. pullabooka and C. tatarnici). The female laIRL of C. silveirae is also similar to C. wiradjuri in being slender, with only one basal lobe (although much larger than in C. wiradjuri), and mIRL is short, only half the height of laIRL (fig. 48). The males of Callitricola wiradjuri are distinguished from C. silveirae by the lobelike right and left tergal processes on the dorsal margin of the genital opening of the pygophore (figs. 43H, 45A) and DES1 is much shorter than the other two endosomal spicules, and is also unbranched (figs. 44C–E, 45E).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; forewing membrane veins yellow-green; pygophore dorsal margin with medial tumescence, one left lateral tergal process arising from tergal plate; left tergal process broad serrate comb; left paramere apex narrow with weakly recurved hook; right paramere base short, apex weakly curved inward and forming slightly pointed flange, subapical dorsal margin round, few small spinelike serrations on apical flange and subapical dorsal margin; phallotheca with small basal tumescence and large subbasal lobe, on right dorsal margin; aedeagus with PES fully enclosing secondary gonopore, bifurcate medially with slender smooth right branch and moderately downturned left branch; DES2 unbranched, distally serrate; DES1 bifurcate, branches subequal length, distally serrate; female laIRL uniform width, slightly curved inward at apex, base with two spiniferous lobes—one small (behind), one large (in front); mIRL elongate, almost as long as laIRL, subrectangular, apex round, margins and surface serrate.

Description: Male: Midsized, body length 4.02 mm, pronotal width 1.04 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellow-green, often faded to yellow, with some bright green patches retained on hemelytra; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally, veins yellow-green with pigmentation bleeding onto surrounding membrane, major cell with bright green spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, All 1.2×pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to mesocoxae. Hemelytra: Major cell subovate, major membrane vein slightly round (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening straight, with medial tumescence at margin, with one sclerotized tergal process positioned left lateral arising from tergal plate; left tergal process, broad with one prominent spine; ventral margin convex medially; phalloguide with small, slightly sclerotized lobe at base of right paramere articulation (fig. 42A). Left paramere: Apophysis tapering apically, apex narrow with weakly recurved hook (fig. 42B). Right paramere: Base short; paramere round in lateral view; apex weakly curved inward, forming small, slightly pointed flange, margin with few small spinelike serrations; subapical dorsal margin with small spinelike serrations; mesiolateral surface excavated (fig. 42C, D). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; round distally; large subapical ventral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; large right lateral subbasal lobe on dorsal margin; small left lateral tumescence (fig. 42E, F). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 42): PES with tubular base entire and wholly sheathing secondary gonopore, with opening medially through which apex of secondary gonopore protrudes, distal portion of PES left lateral to secondary gonopore, DES2 left lateral to PES, DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2; bases of all spicules originating adjacently at base of secondary gonopore; DES2 and DES1 flattened at base, not tubular; PES bifurcate medially, right branch narrow and ribbonlike distally with smooth margins, left branch elongate and distally serrate, projected perpendicular to spicule; DES2 unbranched, distally serrate, subequal length to PES and DES1 spicules; DES1 bifurcate in distal half, branches subequal length and distally serrate, basal keel (DESk) moderately short (fig. 42G, H).

Female: Relatively small, body length 3.33– 3.55 mm, pronotal width 0.92–1.09 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL uniform width, slightly curved inward at apex, base with one small and one large spiniferous lobes; mIRL elongate, almost as long as laIRL, subrectangular, apex round, margins and surface serrate.

Etymology: This species is named after Nikolai Tatarnic, in honor of his contributions to the taxonomy and biology of the Australian Miridae and other Heteroptera, and in gratitude for assistance with fieldwork and supporting this work.

Host plant: Known from Callitris tuberculata (table 2). These specimens are labelled as “ex. Callitris preissii,” but it has been confirmed by the Western Australian Herbarium that the voucher is Callitris tuberculata (Sue Carroll, personal commun.).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: ca. 35 km S of Menzies, 29.96214°S 121.1323°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05100003, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016338) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: ca. 35 km S of Menzies, 29.96214°S 121.1323°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05100003, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016339), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016340) (AM), 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00016341) (WAMP).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: ca. 35 km S of Menzies, 29.96214°S 121.1323°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05100003, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016342) (AM).

Distribution: Known from a few specimens at one locality in the Goldfields region of south-central Western Australia, where vegetation is predominantly dry open shrublands (map 3). Avititerra xerophila and Erysivena drepanomorpha were collected nearby but not with C. tatarnici. C. tatarnici with E. drepanomorpha also recorded from Callitris tuberculata; the other two orthotyline species have a much very wider range (maps 1, 4).

Remarks: Callitricola tatarnici and C. pullabooka are very similar, united by the round shape of the right paramere, comblike tergal process on the genital opening of the pygophore, the near identical endosomal spicules, and the female laIRL has two basal lobes and an elongate mIRL. Callitricola tatarnici is distinguished from C. pullabooka by the slightly larger body; the slightly less bulbous eyes; the phallotheca has a small right basal tumescence and a large lobe on the right dorsal margin; the right paramere is slightly more excavated and cupped; PES is more threadlike distally, lacking serrations on the distally projected right branch (cf. figs. 42 and 38); the shape of the basal lobes on the female laIRL are positioned one in front of the other, with one much larger, and both are round and spiniferous; and the mIRL is almost as long as the laIRL (fig. 48).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; dusty, pale green coloration; forewing membrane veins pale yellow-green; pygophore dorsal margin with medial tumescence and two sclerotized tergal processes arising from tergal plate; tergal processes round and lobelike with spiniferous surfaces, positioned left lateral and right lateral; left paramere apex narrow with weakly recurved hook; right paramere, base short, apex weakly curved inward and slightly pointed forming flange along inner ventral surface; small bumplike serrations on apical dorsal margin only; phallotheca right dorsal margin with small basal tumescence and weakly expanded lobe; PES fully enclosing secondary gonopore, bifurcate medially, left branch strongly downturned, right branch elongate and subapically serrate, with smooth tip; DES2 unbranched, distally serrate; DES1 unbranched, significantly shorter than other two spicules; female laIRL uniform width, narrow, slightly curved inward distally, base with one small spiniferous lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, apex slightly pointed, margin only serrate.

Description: Male: Midsized, body length 3.13–3.93 mm, pronotal width 0.91–1.01 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum pale dusty green, often faded to pale yellow-green, with some darker bright green patches (retained) on embolium and cuneus; forewing membrane translucent light brown with darker patches laterally, veins dust, pale yellow-green with pigmentation bleeding onto surrounding membrane, major cell without colored spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Antennae with AI sub equal to vertex width, AII 1.3× pronotum width. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of wing membrane relatively short, subovate, major membrane vein slightly round (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening asymmetrically weakly concave, with medial tumescence at margin, two sclerotized tergal process positioned right and left of midline, arising from tergal plate (figs. 43H, 44A, 45A); left and right tergal processes broad, lobe shaped with spiniferous surface and round apexes (figs. 43H, 44A, 45A); linear, posteriorly projected tergal lobe on far right margin at base of right tergal process (figs. 44B, 45A); ventral margin slightly convex (fig. 44B); phalloguide with small, lightly sclerotized lobe at base of right paramere articulation, with few serrations on right margin (figs. 44B, 45A). Left paramere: Apophysis tapering apically, apex narrow with strongly recurved hook (fig. 45B). Right paramere: Base short, paramere subovate in lateral view; apex weakly curved inward, forming flange along inner ventral surface, apex slightly pointed; apical inner dorsal margin with minute raised bumps on surface; mesiolateral surface not excavated (fig. 45C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; apex round; large subapical ventral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; weakly expanded lobe on right dorsal margin; small left lateral tumescence (figs. 44A, B, 45D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 45): PES with tubular base entire and wholly sheathing secondary gonopore, with opening medially through which apex of secondary gonopore protrudes (fig. 44D, E); distal portion of PES dorsad to secondary gonopore (fig. 44D), DES2 and DES1 left dorsolateral to PES; bases of all spicules originating adjacently at base of secondary gonopore (fig. 45E); DES2 and DES1 flattened at base, not tubular (fig. 44C); PES bifurcate medially, left branch strongly downcurved and distally serrate, right branch serrate subdistally, with curved acuminate apical tip (figs. 44C, D, 45E); DES2 unbranched, tapering, distally serrate, subequal length to PES (figs. 44C–E, 45C); DES1 short, half length of other two spicules, apex serrate, basal keel (DESk) short (figs. 44C, E, 45E).

Female: Relatively small, subovate, body length 3.12–3.78 mm, pronotal width 0.84–0.96 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 46B): mIRL partially joined to laIRL at base; laIRL uniform width, narrow, slightly curved inward distally, base with one small spiniferous lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, apex slightly pointed, margin serrate.

Etymology: Named for the Wiradjuri people, who are the traditional custodians and original inhabitants of the land in central western New South Wales from where this species is known.

Host plant: Known from Callitris glaucophylla (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 2.9 km W of Nyngan, 31.55001°S 147.1553°E, 202 m, 18 Oct 2001, Cassis, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW658275, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005761) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 2.9 km W of Nyngan, 31.55001°S 147.1553°E, 202 m, 18 Oct 2001, Cassis, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW658275, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016527, 00016529, 00016530), 75 (AMNH_PBI 00016531-00016537) (AM). Murda State Forest, 33.01916°S 147.28583°E, 11 Feb 1999, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1 (AMNH_ PBI 00016549) (AM). Pullabooka State Forest, 33.79166°S 147.735°E, 15 Nov 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00016547) (AM). Queensland: 5.9 km E of Mitchell, 26.48726°S 148.0361°E, 380 m, 31 Oct 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW427493, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016538), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016541, 00016542), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000175) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000174), 8♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000153, 00000162,00000163, 00000167, 00000168, 00000172, 00000173, 00003932) (AMNH), 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016539, 00016540, 00000171, 00000161), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016543, 00016544, 00000181, 00000157) (QM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 5.9 km E of Mitchell, 26.48726°S 148.0361°E, 380 m, 31 Oct 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW427493, 2 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016545, 00016546) (AM).

Distribution: Known from four inland localities, from the south to central western slopes and plains of New South Wales to southern Queensland (map 3), cooccurring with five other species belonging to Avititerra, Callitricola, and Erysivena (table 2).

Remarks: Callitricola wiradjuri is most closely related to C. pullabooka, C. silveirae, and C. tatarnici and are united by the distinct PES, which entirely sheaths the secondary gonopore, with an elongate, downturned left branch; a medial tumescence on the dorsal margin of the pygophore; tergal processes arise from a tergal plate on the dorsal margin of the genital opening of the pygophore; and the slender left paramere. Callitricola wiradjuri is easily distinguished from the other three species by the paler and more dusty green coloration; very large, bulbous eyes; the male phallotheca simpler with only a small basal tumescence on the right dorsal margin and a weakly expanded lobe on this margin; the genital opening of the pygophore having two lobelike spiniferous tergal processes; DES1 unbranched and significantly shorter than PES and DES2; and the female laIRL narrower with only one small spiniferous basal lobe. See also remarks for C. silveirae.

Where C. pullabooka and C. wiradjuri cooccur, females are indistinguishable externally and require inspection of the posterior wall of the bursa copulatrix.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately large size; bright yellow-green coloration; forewing membrane veins yellow-orange with color confined to veins only; left paramere with strongly recurved hook and subrectangular, apically truncate apophysis; right paramere with expanded subapical dorsal lobe with spinelike serrations on surface; right paramere apex enlarged and strongly curved inward to form large flange; phallotheca with twisted point at apex, left and right lateral tumescence, and subquadrate lobe on right dorsal margin near base of margin; female laIRL wider and weakly curved inward distally, base spiniferous with one small lobe; mIRL moderately elongate, three-quarters length of laIRL, subtriangular, margins and distal surface (sparsely) serrate.

Description: Male: Moderately large size, body length 4.73 mm, pronotal width 1.18 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellow-green, mostly faded to yellow; forewing membrane light brown with slightly darker patches laterally, vein yellow-orange, color confined to vein, major cell with faint green spot (fig. 13). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale to medium-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Eyes very large, bulbous, greatly exerted from outline of head (fig. 13); antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, AII 1.5× pronotal width; labium elongate, extending just past metacoxae, over abdomen. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 13). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Not examined, damaged. Left paramere: Apophysis subrectangular; apex truncate with strongly recurved hook; hook weak, reduced (fig. 47B, C). Right paramere: Base short; subtriangular in lateral view; apex enlarged and strongly curved inward, forming slightly sclerotized ridge along inner subapical ventral margin of paramere; subapical dorsal margin expanded into bulbous lobe, with small spinelike serrations covering surface (fig. 47D, E). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, narrows distally; apex with twisted point; large subapical ventral tumescence; left lateral tumescence present; large right lateral tumescence; small right lateral basal tumescence; small sub quadrate lobe on right dorsal margin, subbasal (fig. 47A). Aedeagus: Not examined, teneral.

Female: Midsized, body length 3.97–4.46 mm, pronotal width 1.06–1.10 mm. GENITALIA: Interramal lobes (fig. 48): mIRL and laIRL partially joined at base; laIRL wider and weakly curved inward distally, base spiniferous with one small lobe; mIRL moderately elongate, threequarters length of laIRL, subtriangular, margins and distal surface (sparsely) serrate.

Etymology: Named after the type locality, Wollemi National Park, northwest of Sydney. Noun in apposition.

Host plant: From Callitris rhomboidea (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Wollemi National Park, Glowworm Tunnel Rd, 21 km N of Bungleboori Picnic Area, 33.26031°S 150.2181°E, 942 m, 05 Feb 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris rhomboidea, det. RB G Sydney, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005714) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Wollemi National Park, Glowworm Tunnel Rd, 21 km N of Bungleboori Picnic Area, 33.26031°S 150.2181°E, 942 m, 05 Feb 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris rhomboidea, det. RBG Sydney, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005715, 00005716) (AM).

Distribution: Callitricola wollemi is known only from the type locality, on sandstone plateaus in the Wollemi National Park, near Newnes on the Great Dividing Range (map 3). Callitris rhomboidea and C. endlichen grow together in this location, and where Callitricola wollemi and Erysivena sydneyensis also cooccur (table 2).

Remarks: Callitricola wollemi is known only from one male and two female specimens. As the male specimen is teneral and the pygophore was damaged, it was not possible to describe the pygophore and aedeagus. However, from the structure of the right paramere and female genitalia, we were able to determine that this is a distinct species.

It is similar to Callitricola cordylina, C. graciliphila, and C. finlayae in external appearance; all are large in size, and have orange/yellow hemelytral membrane veins. The male phallotheca is very similar to that of C. cordylina with left and right apical tumescences (cf. figs. 47A and 32D, E). In addition, the subbasal lobe or the right dorsal margin of the phallotheca is subquadrate in both species (cf. figs. 32E and 47A). The left paramere of C. cordylina also has a subrectangular and truncate apophysis, with a strongly recurved apical hook (cf. figs. 47B, C and 32B). The right paramere of Callitricola wollemi differs from C. cordylina by having an enlarged apex and an enlarged and bulbous subapical dorsal lobe with spinelike serrations (fig. 47D). This bulbous subapical dorsal lobe is also found in C. parawirra (fig. 37D) and C. finlayae (fig. 35D), but C. wollemi is distinctive, with the lobe slightly smaller, and with a much larger and greatly expanded apical flange (fig. 47D, E), in comparison with C. parawirra and C. finlayae. The female interramal lobes of Callitricola wollemi are most similar to C. cordylina (cf. fig. 48), with an elongate subtriangular mIRL. However, in C. wollemi the mIRL is slightly less angular and basal lobe and spiniferous base of the laIRL are more expansive. See also remarks for C. cordylina.

Type species: Erysivena kalbarri, n. sp., by original designation.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: small to medium size; subovate to elongate; (faded) yellowish-green coloration, cuneus with red tip in most species, forewing membrane with subcuneal clear spot, membrane veins red (fig. 14); pygophore with short dark spinelike setae proximate to genital opening on ventral surface (fig. 58A, B); pygophore dorsal margin moderately to strongly concave, with one, two, or three (elongate) sclerotized tergal processes (figs. 51H, 57H, 63H, 71H); left lateral tergal process always present, elongate and serrate; left paramere L-shaped, moderately (figs. 52B, 53B) to strongly expanded (figs. 72A, 73B) medially, apophysis short or elongate (e.g., figs. 73B, 69B), apex hooked or unhooked (e.g., figs. 50B, 49B); right paramere shape more variable, C-shaped (fig. 49C) or hammer shaped (fig. 50C), widest medially or subapically, mostly with some variation of an expanded medial flange on inner dorsal margin or broad lobe on dorsal margin; right paramere apex short or elongate, curved and mostly serrate; phallotheca dark and heavily sclerotized, often narrow or flattened distally, not always capped by proctiger (figs. 49D, 50D, 51H, 53E, F); in situ, phallotheca projected beyond parameres from genital opening, left paramere situated along majority of (fig. 58B) or over ventral margin of pygophore (fig. 52B), and right paramere situated mostly external and right lateral to phallotheca with curved apex meeting sensory lobe of left paramere (figs. 51H, 52A, B, 57H, 58A, B); aedeagus with three sclerotized, elongate endosomal spicules (fig. 11); proximal endosomal spicule (PES) positioned ventral (or left ventro-lateral), second dorsal endosomal spicule (DES2) left dorsolateral to secondary gonopore, and first dorsal endosomal spicule (DES1) left lateral or dorsad to DES2; PES and DES2 associated with secondary gonopore, while DES1 is removed from secondary gonopore and adjacent to DES2; PES unbranched, with or without medial (figs. 56F, 64D, 54E) or subbasal (fig. 53H, 58C, 59E) process(es), constricted above base (figs. 52C, 53G) or more uniformly tapering to apex (fig. 54E, 72C), with smooth or serrate distal margins; DES2 unbranched or bifurcate in distal half, serrate distally and medially (figs. 49F, 50F, 52E); DES1simple and unbranched with smooth or serrate margins (figs. 58E, 59E, 64C, 65C), or complex with serrate bifurcate apex and processes (figs. 52E, 53G), with basal keel situated adjacent to DES2 (fig. 49F); female vestibulum heavily sclerotized (60A, 61A, B); ventral labiate plate with spiniferous lateral lobes (figs. 60C, 61A); large spiniferous mediolateral lobes on dorsal labiate plate (figs. 60B, 61B); interramal sclerites deeply divided with V-shaped junction, with two pairs of interramal lobes, separated at base (figs. 60D, 61C).

Description: Male: Macropterous, small to midsized, ovate-elongate, sides parallel or slightly round, body length 2.84–4.19 mm. COLORATION: Dorsal aspect yellowish green, or bright green, often faded to brownish yellow as specimens age, sometimes with bright green patches of pigmentation on lateral margins of pronotum, on hemelytra above and below costal fracture, and on lateral margins and tip of cuneus; pronotum sometimes with anterior half yellow and posterior half bright green, anterior margin sometimes lighter yellow or pale dusty green; mesoscutum and scutellum often faded to yellow; cuneus tip bright red to dark red, sometimes just with slight hint of red; sometimes extending from tip to basal inner half; forewing membrane translucent silvery gray-brown, light with darker patches laterally or dark and more uniform all over, clear spot present below cuneus (fig. 12B), veins bright red; venter yellowish green, often faded to yellow; coxae and adjacent plate structures yellow; legs mostly faded to yellow with little green pigmentation, tarsi darkened; ethanol-preserved specimens faded to white (fig. 14). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum smooth, weakly polished; sparse to moderately dense covering of simple setae, mostly pale or sometimes darker medium brown, semierect; setae sometimes more bristlelike on head and along lateral dorsal margins; antennae with dense distribution of short, pale simple setae, antennal segment I also with few elongate erect bristlelike setae (approx. 3 or 5); pygophore, ventral surface proximate to genital opening with short spinelike setae, medium brown or black, adpressed; femora with dark, simple setae and some longer, erect spinelike setae; tibiae with pale simple setae, hind tibiae with several rows of minute dark spinulae, tibial spines light brown. STRUCTURE: Head: Subovate in lateral view; weakly or strongly expanded anteriorly. When weakly expanded anteriorly; frons sloping downward, mandibular and maxillary plates and clypeus not enlarged (e.g., fig. 63A, B), but when strongly expanded anteriorly, frons strongly protruding beyond anterior margin of eyes, mandibular and maxillary plates and clypeus large (e.g., figs. 51A, B, 57A, B, 71A, B). Maxillary plate subovate, anterodorsal margin round and protruding beyond mandibular plate; clypeus prominent, round or slightly pointed in dorsal view, dorsal edge round in lateral view; vertex flat; eyes medium or large. When eyes medium, occupying less than three-quarters of head height, weakly exerted beyond outline of head, not or very slightly extending past anterolateral angle of pronotum (e.g., figs. 51A–D, 57A–D), but when eyes large, occupying most of head height, exerted moderately or greatly beyond outline of head, extending well past anterolateral angle of pronotum (e.g., figs. 63A–D, 71A–D). Posterior margin of eyes contiguous with posterior margin of head; labium midlength and extending to meso- or metacoxae or elongate and extending beyond metacoxae, over abdomen. Antennae: Elongate, inserted just above ventral margin of eye, insertion contiguous with or slightly removed from anterior margin of eye (figs. 51B, 57B); AI short, between 0.9–1.3× vertex width, subcylindrical, slightly wider than remaining segments; AII moderately elongate, on average 1.25× pronotal width; AIII, average 1.5× AIV; AIV, subequal or less than AI; AIII and AIV slightly thinner than AII. Pronotum: Trapezoidal, transverse, moderately short, anterior margin weakly concave, collar reduced to thin lip; callosite region undefined; lateral margins straight, angled 30°–45° to midline; humeral angles round; posterior margin very weakly sinuous to straight (figs. 51C, D, 57C, D, 63C, D, 71C, D). Mesoscutum and scutellum: Slightly raised; mesoscutum exposed, one-third length of scutellum (fig. 14). Metathorax: Metathoracic spiracle moderately elongate, narrowly subcylindrical, with evaporative area narrowly spanning anterior margin and expanded slightly dorsally (figs. 51E, 57E, 63E, 71E); metathoracic scent gland with ostiole sub ovate to lanceolate, peritreme sub ovate to subtriangular, extending weakly or strongly onto posterior ostiole margin, evaporative area with small subovate to elongate evaporative bodies (figs. 51E, F; 57E, F; 63E, F, 71E, F). Hemelytra: Not greatly elongate, abdomen extending to middle of cuneus; lateral margins parallel to slightly round; cuneal fracture well defined; cuneus short to moderately elongate; forewing membrane major cell mostly elongate, major membrane vein round or straight, curved or parallel to inner margin of cuneus (fig. 14). Legs: Elongate, femora slightly flattened, hind femur moderately incrassate; pretarsus with moderately long claws, pulvilli moderately sized, fleshy parempodia broad, apically convergent (figs. 51G, 57G, 63G, 71G). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Short, transverse (wider than long), narrowing slightly posteriorly (figs. 51H, 53A); genital opening large, round (figs. 52A, 53A, 5bA); dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, sometimes slightly asymmetrically (figs. 51A, 53A); one, two, or three sclerotized, elongate, serrate tergal processes, usually lateral to midline (figs. 51H, 57H, 71H); left lateral tergal process always present, variously shaped (figs. 49A, 53A, 54A); second tergal process positioned right lateral when present, linear shape, sometimes with an expanded, lobed base (figs. 49A, 50A); third tergal process positioned medially, linear, paired with right lateral tergal process, when present (figs. 56A, 71H); far right lateral tergal lobe with smooth margins, sometimes present, either broad posterior facing (figs. 51H, 53A) or elongate and inward facing (figs. 71H, 72B, 73A); ventral margin straight to weakly concave (figs. 58B, 64B), sometimes asymmetrically (e.g., fig. 72A); narrow, round, phalloguide present, extending from ventral margin, modified ventrad to right paramere articulation as sclerotized ridge (figs. 52B, 53A) or an expanded elongate lobe (figs. 72A, 73A); left paramere wrapped along (just inside) ventral pygophore margin at rest (e.g., figs. 58B, 64B, 72A), rarely directed anteriorly across outer ventral surface of pygophore at rest (e.g., fig. 52B); right paramere mostly visible externally at rest, usually situated right lateral to phallotheca and aedeagus and curved round to meet left paramere medially under phallotheca (e.g., figs. 51H, 52B, 57H, 58B, 63H, 64B, 71H, 72B); phallotheca and aedeagus visible externally, extending beyond parameres posteriorly (e.g., figs. 63H, 64A, B); where left paramere is greatly expanded, phallotheca held cupped inside (e.g., figs. 71H, 72A, B); often without capped proctiger over phallotheca (e.g., figs. 51H, 52H, 63H, 64A); proctiger sometimes present covering phallotheca (e.g., figs, 57H, 58A) or present but removed from phallotheca (e.g., figs. 71H, 72B). Left paramere: L-shaped; moderately (figs. 52B, 53B) to strongly expanded and subtriangular medially (figs. 72A, 73B); sensory lobe broad and round (e.g., figs. 58B, 59B) or more prominently expanded (figs. 64B, 65B), outer margin sometimes with an angular edge; sensory lobe and outer surface with pale simple setae, sometimes also with short, light to dark brown, bristlelike setae on sensory lobe (figs. 64B, 65B, 66B); apophysis moderately to greatly elongate, narrowing to apex, inner margin sometimes with small spines or serrations (figs. 53B, 54B, 62B, 65B), ca. < 90° to rest of paramere; apex, either round and curved inward but without hook (figs. 49B, 52B, 53B), or hooked (figs. 50B, 54B). Right paramere: Shape variable; C-shaped, curved from apex round to medial flange on dorsal inner margin (e.g., figs. 49C, 53C, 56C, 59C, 73C) or “hammer” shaped with expanded subapical lobe on dorsal margin and elongate apex (figs. 50C, 62C, 65C, 66C); medial flange present on dorsal inner margin expanded to differing degrees, from broad, weakly expanded lobe or serrate edge on dorsal margin (figs. 49C, 50C, 53C), or an expanded angular flange (fig. 54D, 68C), often constricted to point (fig. 56C, 59C); medial flange on dorsal margin projected inward or on inner lateral margin projected inward and downward, sometimes greatly reduced; apex generally on inner ventral margin, curved inward, weakly to strongly curved, sometimes greatly expanded/elongate; medial flange and apex mostly with serrate margins or small spines, rarely smooth; with or without simple setae. Phallotheca: Darkly sclerotized; protruding moderately from pygophore and visible externally in repose (figs. 52A, 64A), not always extending beyond parameres (figs. 58A, 72B); dorsal opening small (distal only) (e.g., fig. 50D) or large (distal to medial) (e.g., fig. 49D); distally round (fig. 49D) or slightly acuminate (fig. 50D); subapical ventral surface mostly with single tumescence (fig. 54D); distally narrow, without or with slight (e.g., fig. 59D) or full (e.g., fig. 53F) lateral compression (to form flat crest); small opening phallotheca, opening round, drop shaped with small point at apex or subovate sometimes with lobe on basal margin (figs. 50D, 56D); large opening phallotheca, right dorsal margin of genital opening with or without medial (or subbasal) lobe (figs. 49D, 69D). Aedeagus: Secondary gonopore elongate, cylindrical, membranous, and faint; three elongate, sclerotized endosomal spicules (fig. 11); proximal endosomal spicule (PES) ventral or left ventrolateral to secondary gonopore; second dorsal endosomal spicule (DES2) dorsad to left lateral of PES and secondary gonopore; PES and DES2 associated with secondary gonopore, but first dorsal endosomal spicule (DES1) is removed from secondary gonopore and adjacent (left lateral or dorsad) to DES2; all spicules originating in line with base of secondary gonopore or slightly distad to it; PES wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, unbranched, with simple or complex forms. With simple PES (e.g., figs. 64C, D, 74C, D), tapering evenly from base to apex, with or without medial process, distally smooth or serrate, sometimes medially serrate (e.g., figs. 56F, 50F, 65E), or with complex PES (e.g., figs. 52C, 58C), base very broad, then weakly (e.g., fig. 49E) or acutely (e.g., fig. 53G) constricted and narrow and ribbonlike to apex, with or without subbasal straplike process attached just above constriction point (figs. 58C, 59E), expanded base with small, very fine process present on ventral margin proximate to apex of secondary gonopore (figs. 58C, 59E), distally smooth (fig. 67E) or weakly serrate (fig. 49E); complex PES sometimes joined to DES2 by membrane at base on right lateral side of secondary gonopore (figs. 49F, 52E, 53G, 58E, 59E, 67E). DES2 unbranched or bifurcate, sometimes expanded medially, distally serrate, serrations extend from apex to midsection on right side margin (figs. 52E, 64E), rarely with small row of serrations on right side margin more subbasally (fig. 62E), sometimes twisted or curved downward distally (figs. 65E, 68F), unbranched form sometimes with small medial process (figs. 69E, 70E, 72D); DES1 with simple or complex form: with simple DES1 (e.g., figs. 58E, 59E, 64C, 69C, 72C, 73G), unbranched, sometimes expanded medially, sometimes medially serrate, distally smooth or serrate; sometimes curved downward distally, apex bisected or whole; with complex DES1 (e.g., figs. 52E, 53G), bifurcate with two short serrate basal processes (below bifurcate portion), branches distally serrate; DES1 with elongate basal keel (DESk) present, membranous join at base to DES1, situated more adjacent and dorsal to DES2, with some anchoring membrane (figs. 49F, 50E).

Female: Almost identical to male, with very slight sexual dimorphism in slightly smaller eyes and hemelytral membrane length. On average, subequal size to males and sometimes slightly larger or smaller in body length, body length 2.84–4.08 mm. GENITALIA: Vestibulum with heavily sclerotized asymmetrical tubular processes, species specific (figs. 55A, 60A, 61B); ventral labiate plate sclerotized, mesial surface spiniferous with spiniferous clavate lateral lobes arising adjacent to gonapophyses 8 (figs. 60B, C, 61A); dorsal labiate plate with paired spiniferous mediolateral lobes on posterior lateral sides of genital chamber, lobes round, extending from margin (figs. 30A, 60B, 61B); sclerotized rings large, club shaped anteriorly, anterior surface spiniferous (figs. 55A, 61B); posterior wall heavily sclerotized; medial region of posterior wall more lightly sclerotized, margin straight or slightly convex, level with or slightly raised above anterior margin of interramal sclerites (figs. 55B, 60D, 74); interramal sclerites (IRS) deeply divided with V- or U-shaped junction, fused posteriorly below medial region of posterior wall forming posterior margin of posterior wall, posterior margin straight, broadly convex, broadly concave, or medially convex (figs. 30B, 60D, 61C, 74); IRS with two sets of paired interramal lobes, with species specific differences (fig. 74); lateral interramal lobes (laIRL) elongate and spiniferous with inner margin smooth and with spiniferous area or spiniferous lobe on inner margin at base (figs. 60D, 74); medial interramal lobes (mIRL) ventral to laIRL, with base embedded in socket and separated from laIRL (figs. 60D, 74), although proximate and with attaching membrane at base (e.g., fig. 74, anterolateral view); mIRL shorter and broader than laIRL (figs. 60D, 74); mIRL subquadrate or subrectangular, margins and sometimes also distal surface spiniferous (figs. 60D, 74).

Etymology: Named for the distinctive red wing coloration on the hemelytral membrane veins of all species in this genus, from the Greek root erysi- (“red”) and the Latin word vena (“vein”). The gender is feminine.

Remarks: Erysivena is best recognized externally by the red color of the hemelytral membrane veins and the red cuneal tips in the majority of species, yellow-green body, simple hairlike vestiture, small to medium size and elongate ovate body (fig. 14). The red forewing membrane veins are always present in Erysivena, but can be reduced within some species. Live specimens are bright green (fig. 4), with the first antennal segment also bright green and the remaining antennomeres lighter yellowish brown, and the lower third of the tibiae and tarsi are light orangebrown, with tarsal claw dark brown.

Erysivena and Callitricola are sister taxa and are similar in body size and shape; yellowgreen coloration; hairlike setae and lack of scalelike setae on dorsum; sclerotized tergal processes on the dorsal margin of the genital opening of the pygophore; dark bristles on the ventral surface of the pygophore; round genital opening of the pygophore; dark and strongly protruding phallotheca; simple L-shaped left paramere; PES positioned vent rad to the secondary gonopore; DES2 and DES1 left lateral to left dorsolateral of secondary gonopore; female interramal sclerite with two interramal lobes. In both genera, the shape of the left paramere is conserved and there is more interspecific variation in the right paramere.

Erysivena is less variable in size and shape than Callitricola. Erysivena can be distinguished from Callitricola by the red (rather than green) hemelytral coloration on the cuneus (cf. figs. 13, 14); presence of up to three elongate tergal processes on the pygophore, a moderately to greatly expanded left paramere with or without a hooked apex (cf. weakly expanded, strongly curved, and always hooked apex in Callitricola); an externally projected and medially expanded right paramere mostly with a serrate apex (cf. club shaped, widest distally and often smooth at apex in Callitricola, with only the apex visible externally in repose); the phallotheca is tapered distally and not as strongly projected or as darkly sclerotized as in Callitricola; the phallotheca is often not capped by the proctiger in Erysivena; PES (cf. fig. 11) is not bifurcate and mostly narrow and smooth distally (cf. distally or medially bifurcate and distally serrate in Callitricola); and DES2 is always distally serrate and medially serrate (cf. variable and never medially serrate in Callitricola).

There are three main clades of Erysivena, with the three Western Australian species (E. drepanomorpha, E. notodytika, E. kalbarri) distinctly different from all other congeners, with complex PES and DES1 endosomal spicules, and PES and DES2 joined by a membrane basally on the right lateral side of the secondary gonopore.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; head enlarged anteriorly; eyes medium; labium extending over abdomen; tip of cuneus and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with two tergal processes, left lateral tergal process bifurcate and U-shaped, right tergal process linear with an expanded lobed base; left paramere moderately expanded, sensory lobe angular and broad, apophysis elongate, with straight, unhooked apex; right paramere C-shaped, medial flange unexpanded, strongly curved apex and serrate from apex round to medial flange; aedeagus with all spicules unbranched and without medial processes; PES complex, weakly constricted above broad base, subdistally with few small serrations; DES2, curved downward distally; DES1 unbranched, bent in S-shape medially to apex, distally serrate; PES and DES2 joined right laterally with membrane; female mIRL subquadrate, two-thirds height of laIRL.

Description: Male: midsized, elongate, body length 3.53–3.84 mm, pronotal width 0.99–1.17 mm. COLORATION: Cuneus tip red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, veins red with color extending onto surrounding membrane (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of lightbrown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes midsize, extending slightly beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with A1 1.25× vertex width, AII 1.2× pronotal width; labium elongate, extending over abdomen. Hemelytra: Cuneus moderately elongate; major cell of membrane ovate-elongate, major membrane vein straight (parallel to inner margin of cuneus) (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin strongly concave, slightly asymmetrically, with two tergal processes; left lateral tergal process bifurcate, U-shaped with serrate margins; far right lateral tergal process linear, distally serrate with an expanded bulbous base; ventral margin of genital opening slightly concave with round cup-shaped phalloguide situated just inside and protruding over ventral margin; phalloguide with short, slightly sclerotized lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation (fig. 49A). Left paramere: Moderately expanded medially; sensory lobe broad, outer margin angular; apophysis greatly elongate, inner margin smooth; apex straight, not hooked (fig. 49B). Right paramere: C-shaped; medial flange on dorsal margin, unexpanded; apex enlarged and strongly curved to medial flange; medial flange unexpanded, with row of toothlike spines; apex with two rows of distinct tooth like spines, separated from medial spines (fig. 49C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large; round distally; weakly compressed on subapical ventral surface, with small tumescence in lateral view, but not flattened to crest; small lobe on right dorsal margin near base (fig. 49D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 49): PES ventral to left lateral of and almost fully sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsal to PES and secondary gonopore, adjoining PES with membrane on right side of secondary gonopore (fig. 49G), DES1 dorsad of DES2, all originating near base of secondary gonopore; PES complex, slightly constricted above base, moderately narrow and tapering to apex; few serrations present on distal margin; without subbasal straplike processes or medial process (fig. 49E, F); DES2 unbranched, flattened, curved downward distally, without medial process (fig. 49E, F); DES1 simple, unbranched, not expanded medially, strong S-shaped bend medially to apex, distally serrate, with elongate basal keel (fig. 49F).

Female: Slightly smaller on average than males, body length 3.40–3.78 mm, pronotal width 1.01–1.06 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin medially convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL curved inward and slightly tapered distally, base spiniferous with small spiniferous lobe; mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, subquadrate, distally serrate.

Etymology: Named in reference to the membrane joining PES and DES2, from the Latin aptus meaning “joined, bound, or fastened.”

Host plant: From Callitris glaucophylla (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Gunningbland State Forest, 33.09222°S 147.9675°E, 08 Oct 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016270) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Bulbodney State Forest, 32.515°S 147.201°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 9♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041746, UNSW_ENT 00041748, UNSW_ENT 00041749, UNSW_ENT 00041753-UNSW_ENT 00041758), 9♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041750, UNSW_ENT 00041751, UNSW_ENT 00041759-UNSW_ENT 00041765) (AM), 1♂ (UNSW_ ENT 00041747), 1♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041752) (UNSW). Gunningbland State Forest, 33.09694°S 147.95722°E, 18 Oct 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016268), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016269) (AM); 07 Oct 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016266, AMNH_ PBI 00016267) (AM). Gunningbland State Forest, 33.09222°S 147.9675°E, 08 Oct 1998, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016271, AMNH_PBI 00016272) (AM). Roadside remnant near Condobolin Tip, 33.07505°S 147.14466°E, 25 Sep 1997, Australian Museum, Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (UNSW_ ENT 00041766) (AM). Taratta State Forest, 32.8°S 147.03333°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 2♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041767, UNSW_ENT 00041768) (AM).

Distribution: Erysivena apta is known from five localities in central western New South Wales and is the only member of the genus that is narrowly restricted to this region (map 4). It was collected with B. hochuli and Callitricola cordylina and E. schuhi at four of the above localities (table 2).

Remarks: Erysivena apta and E. schuhi have similar male genitalia, particularly PES, which is constricted above the base, but without subbasal processes (cf. figs. 49E, F and 69E). Males of E. apta are most easily distinguished from those of E. schuhi by the distinctive bifid left tergal process of the genital opening (cf. figs. 49A and 69A), the triangular left paramere with straight apophysis that is positioned inside the ventral margin of the pygophore at rest (cf. flexed over pygophore venter at rest in E. schuhi) (figs. 49B, 69B), and the unexpanded right paramere (cf. figs. 49C and 69C). Where E. apta has been collected sympatrically with E. schuhi females are unable to be distinguished without dissection. See also remarks for E. schuhi.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: small size; head weakly expanded anteriorly, eyes large; labium extending to mesocoxae; cuneus short; tip of cuneus and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with two serrate tergal processes positioned left lateral and far right lateral; far right lateral tergal process short with expanded basal lobe; left lateral tergal process subrectangular, apex squared but not curved downward; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, sensory lobe prominent and swollen with short, light-brown setae, apophysis moderately elongate, apex hooked; right paramere “hammer” shaped, with expanded subapical dorsal lobe, apex elongate, broad and flattened; phallotheca opening small and lanceolate, with small point at apex; PES simple, unbranched with small threadlike medial process, distally serrate with bent apex; DES2 bifurcate in distal third; DES1 unbranched, curved downward distally, medially and distally serrate; female mIRL just over half height of laIRL, round and serrate distally; laIRL straight and uniform width, with large serrate basal lobe.

Description: Male: Small size, subovate, body length 2.84–3.08 mm, pronotal width 0.88–0.91 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, veins red with color confined to veins, subcuneal clear spot large (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale light-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly expanded anteriorly; eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; clypeus round in dorsal view; antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, AII 1.2× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to mesocoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and wing membrane short, major cell of membrane short, major membrane vein straight, parallel to inner cuneal margin (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, asymmetrically; two sclerotized tergal processes, positioned left and far right lateral of midline; left tergal process subrectangular, uniform width, apex squared and not curved downward, distally serrate; far right tergal process linear, with expanded lobed base, distally serrate; ventral margin of genital opening slightly convex medially; phalloguide sclerotized and round ventrad to right paramere articulation, serrations on lateral margin (fig. 50A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe prominent, expanded, swollen with margins slightly indented; sensory lobe with light-brown, bristlelike setae; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin smooth; apex hooked (fig. 50B). Right paramere: Hammer shaped; medial flange on inner lateral margin, reduced, directed ventrally; subapical dorsal margin with expanded lobe; apex expanded, strongly curved, with flattened distal edge; toothlike spines present on subapical lobe and in two rows on inner and outer margin along apex; light-brown, short, bristlelike setae on apex (fig. 50C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small and lanceolate; closed medially; round distally, with small point off center at apex; basal margin of opening V-shaped; small subapical tumescence on ventral surface (fig. 50D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 50): PES ventral to and partially sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 left dorsolateral to secondary gonopore, DES1 left lateral to DES2; base of spicules originating adjacent secondary gonopore; PES simple with short medial threadlike process projected perpendicular to spicule, apex serrate, diamond shaped and strongly bent; DES2 bifurcate in distal third, branches equal length and narrow, distal margins serrate, left branch curved downward toward base, right branch straight, with row of toothlike serrations submedially just below bifurcation point; DES1 simple, medially expanded and serrate along inner margin, distally curved downward and acuminate, distal margins serrate, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 50E, F).

Female: Slightly larger than male, body length 3.08–3.36 mm, pronotal width 0.89–1.02 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL straight, linear, uniform width, base with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL just over half height of laIRL, subrectangular, uniformly broad, distally round and serrate.

Etymology: Named after the type locality, Bundjalung National Park, on the northeast coast of New South Wales, and in honor of the traditional custodians of that land, the Bundjalung people.

Host plant: From Callitris columellaris (table 2). This host plant (sensu Hill, 1998) is restricted to coastal sands around northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland.

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Bundjalung National Park, 10 km from Pacific Hwy on road to Black Rocks, 29.17617°S 153.39075°E, 7 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005447) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Bundjalung National Park, 10 km from Pacific Hwy on road to Black Rocks, 29.17617°S 153.39075°E, 7 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005445, 00005446, 00005448), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005449, 00005450) (AM). Pacific Hwy, 3 km NE of Maclean, 29.45068°S 153.2206°E, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005457), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005458-00005461) (AM). Wardell, 16 km S of Ballina on Pacific Hwy, 28.95005°S 153.4658°E, 7 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 7♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005462-00005466, 00005468, 00005469), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005470-00005474) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005467), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005475) (UNSW).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Bundjalung National Park, 10 km from Pacific Hwy on road to Black Rocks, 29.17617°S 153.39075°E, 7 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 5 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005440-00005444) (AM). Pacific Hwy, 3 km NE of Maclean, 29.45068°S 153.2206°E, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris columellaris, det. Field ID, 6 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005451-00005456) (AM).

Distribution: Known from three closely associated localities in coastal northeastern New South Wales, from Maclean to just south of Ballina (map 4). This species occurs sympatrically with E. ballina, at two of these sites (table 2).

Remarks: Erysivena bundjalung is most closely related to E. majori, E. mareeba, and E. molloy. This species is differentiated from E. majori and E. mareeba by the morphology of the endosomal spicules, with the apex of PES bent and marginally serrate, and DES2 distally bifurcate (fig. 50E, F). Erysivena bundjalung, E. mareeba, and E. molloy are similar in size and shape, and all three species are smaller and more subovate than E. majori (fig. 14).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: medium size; head strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes medium size; labium extending to metacoxae; forewing membrane veins red, cuneus tip with only slight hint of red; pygophore with one left lateral tergal process, sickle shaped with angular margins; pygophore with right lateral tergal lobe; left paramere directed anteriorly across outer ventral surface of pygophore at rest; left paramere moderately expanded, with round and broad sensory lobe, elongate apophysis, unhooked apex; right paramere C-shaped, medial flange on dorsal margin weakly expanded, broad and serrate, weakly curved distally, smooth subdistal shaft before serrate apex; phallotheca compressed slightly to right of midline at apex; aedeagus with complex PES and DES1; PES strongly constricted above base, with short, straplike basal process; DES2 unbranched; DES1 not expanded basally, with two basal processes attached parallel, bifurcate medially with branches unequal in length; female laIRL slightly broader distally, curved inward, without spiniferous basal lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular.

Description: Male: Midsized, elongate ovoid, body length 3.38–3.83 mm, pronotal width 0.97– 1.05 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip with very slight hint of red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, membrane veins red with color confined to veins (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly (fig. 51 A, B); eyes midsize, extending slightly beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum (fig. 51 A, C); antennae with AI 0.9× vertex width, AII 1.1× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave (fig. 51H); one left lateral tergal process, sickle shaped, with posterior portion tumescent and serrate (figs. 51H, 52A, 53A); far right lateral tergal lobe present, smooth margins and round to subquadrate in shape (figs. 51H, 53A); ventral margin of genital opening straight with V-shaped incision medially; round cupshaped phalloguide situated inside and protruding over ventral margin, slightly sclerotized ventrad to right paramere articulation (figs. 52B, 53A); left paramere directed anteriorly across outer ventral surface of pygophore at rest (fig. 52B). Left paramere: moderately expanded medially; sensory lobe broad, round; apophysis greatly elongate, inner margin with several small spines; apex curved inward slightly, not hooked (figs. 52B, 53B, D). Right paramere: C-shaped, medial flange on dorsal margin, broad weakly expanded edge; apex weakly curved; medial flange and apex serrate, separated by smooth subapical shaft; outer lateral surface with simple setae (figs. 51H, 52B, 53C). Phallotheca: dorsal opening large (fig. 53E), round distally (figs. 53E, 52B); compressed at apex, slightly to right side of ventral midline (figs. 51H, 52B, 53F); right dorsal margin without lobe (fig. 53). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 53): PES left ventrolateral and almost entirely wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore (fig. 52D, E), DES2 dorsal to secondary gonopore and PES (fig. 52E), DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2 (fig. 52E), PES and DES2 joined by membrane sheath on right side of secondary gonopore (figs. 52E, 53G), base of all spicules originating proximal to base of secondary gonopore; PES complex, acutely constricted above base (fig. 53G), with short subbasal straplike process and basal process on broad section of base before bifurcation point, both processes subequal length (figs. 52C, 53H); DES2 unbranched, twisted distally, medial threadlike process absent (figs. 52E, 53G); DES1 complex, base not expanded, basal processes attached parallel (one behind other), unequal lengths, bifurcate medially with branches differing in length, basal keel (DESk) elongate (figs. 52C, E, 53G).

Female: Subequal size to male, body length 3.38–3.66 mm, pronotal with 0.98–1.08 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin medially convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL curved inward and slightly broader distally, base spiniferous but without lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, distally round and serrate.

Etymology: Species name derived from a combination of the Greek words drepanon (“sickle”) and morphē (“shape”) after the distinctive left tergal process on the dorsal margin of the genital opening of the pygophore.

Host plants: Known from five identified Callitris species: C. canescens, C. drummondii and C. tuberculata in Western Australia, C. verrucosa and C. gracilis in Victoria and South Australia (table 2). Callitris verrucosa, C. tuberculata, and C. gracilis are closely related species. Specimens collected near Varley in Western Australia were labelled ex. Callitris preissii. The Western Australia Herbarium has confirmed that this plant voucher is Callitris tuberculata (Sue Carroll, personal commun.; note that these two latter species are sometimes considered synonyms).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 km S of Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.07681°S 120.0982°E, 380 m, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05670799, 1♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00016373) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 15 km S of Bews, 35.48474°S 140.4332°E, 130 m, 08 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427485, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016369) (AM). 18 km S of Bews, Ngarkat Cons. Park, 35.55197°S 140.4332°E, 60 m, 09 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427485, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016370) (AM). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.60421°S 140.8646°E, 125 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016351), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016355-00016358) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000187, 00000194), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000192, 00000193) (AMNH), 3♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00000191, 00000196, 00000198), 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016352-00016354) (SAMA). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62872°S 140.8598°E, 100 m, 09 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016359-00016362), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016363, 00016364) (AM), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016365-00016368) (SAMA). Victoria: Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.45218°S 142.066°E, 78 m, 05 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW658107, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005285), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005287-00005291) (AM). Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.46302°S 142.0464°E, 65 m, 04 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris gracilis, det. RBG Sydney NSW658101, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003953, 00003954) (AMNH). Western Australia: 1 km S of Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.07681°S 120.0982°E, 380 m, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05670799, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016371, 00016372), 10♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016377-00016386) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016374, 00016375), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016387-00016390, 00016394) (WAMP). 27.8 km S of Varley, 33.00504°S 119.5856°E, 500 m, 05 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05055520, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016343-AMNH_PBI 00016345), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016348-00016350) (AM), 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000095, 00000099, 00000103), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000096, 00000100, 00000102, 00000109) (AMNH), 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016346, 00000097, 00000098), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016347, 00000101, 00000105, 00000107, 00000108) (WAMP). 92.5 km W of Coolgardie at east side of Boorabbin National Park on Great Eastern Hwy, 31.21233°S 120.31°E, 445 m, 17 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05672058, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016395-00016397), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016398, 00016399) (AM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 27 km toward Kimba from Lincoln Hwy, 33.15792°S 138.4123°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris sp., 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016552, AMNH_PBI 00016553), 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016554) (AM). Gawler Ranges National Park: ca. 13 km S of Pine Well, 32.43294°S 135.32338°E, 200 m, 16 Nov 2012, M. Cheng, G.S. Taylor & D. McLaughlin, Callitris gracilis, det. SA Herbarium BS838–922, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00400958) (UNSW). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.60421°S 140.8646°E, 125 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000188) (AMNH). Victoria: Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.45218°S 142.066°E, 78 m, 05 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW658107, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005286) (AM). Western Australia: 1 km S of Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.07681°S 120.0982°E, 380 m, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05670799, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016391), 2 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016392, AMNH_PBI 00016393) (AM). Credo Station, 4.8 km along Telstra track off Coolgardie Nth Rd, 30.07069°S 120.57025°E, 503 m, 08 Sep 2011, M. Cheng & C. Symonds, Callitris canescens, det. WA Herbarium, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00400977, UNSW_ENT 00027088, UNSW_ ENT 00027089), 1♀ (UNSW_ENT 00027093) (UNSW), 3♂ (UNSW_ENT 00027090-UNSW_ ENT 00027092) (WAMP). Quaalup Homestead, 34.27038°S 119.40955°E, 22 m, 07 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Callitris drummondii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07619995, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005292), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005293, AMNH_PBI 00005294) (AM).

Distribution: Known from 13 localities across southern Australia in semiarid sandplain shrubland and woodland. The western populations extend from the Goldfields region to the south coast of Western Australia and eastern populations extend from western Victoria to Adelaide and the Eyre Peninsula regions (map 4). Collected with seven other callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini across its range (table 2), including four Callitricola species and two other Erysivena species.

Remarks: Although Erysivena drepanomorpha is disjunctly distributed on either side of the Nullarbor Plain, we consider all materials examined as conspecific. There are only minor differences in the male genitalia, for example, DES1 of western populations has the longer half of the bifurcation with a spine medially, proximal to the serrate distal portion (absent in the eastern populations) and the inner margin of this longer half is sometimes more serrate (cf. to the eastern populations that have minor serrations near the apex with the proximal region smooth).

Erysivena drepanomorpha is most closely related to E. notodytika, recognized by the complex bifurcate DES1, with basal processes (cf. figs. 53G and 67E), and the apically compressed phallotheca (cf. figs. 53E–F and 67D). Externally E. drepanomorpha is slightly smaller and more subovate than E. notodytika. The membrane sheath connecting PES and DES2 on the right side of the secondary gonopore (figs. 52E, 53G) is also found in the related species E. notodytika, E. kalbarri, and E. apta.

Erysivena drepanomorpha and E. schuhi, which cooccur in South Australia, are the only species in the genus where the left paramere rests over the ventral margin of pygophore (vs. typical position on inside of margin). The males of these two species can be differentiated by the different shapes of the tergal processes of the pygophore and the right paramere, with the latter larger and curved distally in E. schuhi (fig. 69C). Erysivena drepanomorpha is also distinguished from E. schuhi by the uniformly green cuneus without or with only a hint of a red tip (cf. fig. 14), which is true in both sexes. Erysivena drepanomorpha also cooccurs with E. schwartzi, and differs from it by the lack of a prominent red cuneal tip (cf. red tip in E. schwartzi, fig. 14) and its males possess a reflexed left paramere (fig. 52B) and large sickle-shaped left tergal process of the pygophore (fig. 53A) (cf. E. schwartzi with left paramere more subtriangular [fig. 70B] and situated inside ventral margin of pygophore, and digitiform left tergal process, as well as the presence of a linear and narrow right tergal lobe [fig. 70A]).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: medium size; head strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes large; labium extending to metacoxae; tip and inner half of cuneus red, forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with two tergal processes, and broad far right lateral tergal lobe; elongate right lateral lobe or process on phalloguide with two spines on margin; left lateral tergal process linear, elongate, margins serrate; right tergal process, short, arising under tergal lobe; left paramere moderately expanded, sensory lobe broad and angular, apophysis moderately elongate, hooked apex; right paramere C-shaped, medial flange more subapical on inner dorsal margin, subquadrate with slightly serrate margin, apex very weakly curved with smooth margins; aedeagus with PES simple, unbranched, distally sparsely serrate; DES2 bifurcate, not expanded medially; DES1 simple, short, distally serrate only; female laIRL uniform width without spiniferous basal lobe; mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, subrectangular.

Description: Male: Midsized, body length 3.65–3.76, pronotal with 0.89–0.96 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green; cuneus tip and inner half dark red, remainder pale green-yellow; forewing membrane dark gray-brown with slightly darker patches laterally and in major cell, membrane veins red with color confined to veins (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of light-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with AI 1.3× vertex width, AII 1.4× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane elongate, major membrane vein straight, parallel to cuneus (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin strongly concave, asymmetrically; two sclerotized tergal processes, positioned left lateral and right lateral; left tergal process, linear, elongate, margins and apex serrate, apex not expanded; right tergal process, short, narrowing apically, apex pointed with few small serrations, base concealed behind tergal lobe; far right lateral tergal lobe present, broad; ventral margin of genital opening sinuous, slightly concave on left side; phalloguide with elongate process on right side ventrad to right paramere articulation, lobe flattened and curved, with two spines, one on dorsal margin and one on right lateral margin (fig. 54A). Left paramere: Moderately expanded medially; sensory lobe broad, outer margin angular; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin serrate subapically; apex hooked (fig. 54B). Right paramere: C-shaped; medial flange on inner dorsal margin directed inward, in more subapical position, expanded and subquadrate in shape; apex short and very weakly curved; medial flange with lightly serrate margin, apex smooth; setae absent (fig. 54C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large, distal to medial; round distally; not compressed; slight subapical tumescence on ventral surface; lobes on dorsal margin absent (fig. 54D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 54): PES left ventrolateral to and partially sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsal to secondary gonopore and PES, DES1 left lateral to DES2, base of PES originating slightly distad to base of secondary gonopore, DES2 and DES1 originating proximal to base of secondary gonopore (fig. 54F); PES simple, unbranched, apex acuminate, sparsely serrate in distal third, medial process absent (fig. 54); DES2 bifurcate in distal third, branches subequal, left branch bent downward, distally serrate, medially serrate before bifurcation point on right margin (fig. 54F), not expanded medially; DES1 simple, unbranched, apex blunt and serrate, significantly shorter than first and second spicules, basal keel (DESk) moderately short (fig. 54E, F).

Female: Subequal in size to males, on average slightly smaller, body length 3.49–3.86 mm, pronotal width 0.95–1.06 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin medially convex (fig. 55B). Interramal lobes (fig. 55B): laIRL curved inward, uniform width, base spiniferous without lobe; mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, subrectangular, distally round and serrate.

Etymology: Named after the type locality, Emerald Creek, on the Atherton Tablelands in northeastern Queensland.

Host plant: Known from a morphologically distinct population, with the phrase name Callitris intratropica “Emerald Creek” (fig. 6C). This Callitris intratropica population is known only from this locality, where it grows on the banks of a large creek, and may represent a new species (Paul Gadek, personal commun.) (Pye et al., 2003).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Emerald Creek Falls State Forest, falls carpark, 17.05369°S 145.53947°E, 512 m, 31 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay and Symonds, Callitris intratropica (Emerald Creek), det. RBG Sydney (see Pye et al., 2003), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005723) (QM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Emerald Creek Falls State Forest, falls carpark, 17.05369°S 145.53947°E, 512 m, 31 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay and Symonds, Callitris intratropica (Emerald Creek), det. RBG Sydney (see Pye et al., 2003), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005724-00005727) (AM), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005728, 00005729) (QM). Emerald Creek at Emerald Creek Falls car park, 17.05286°S 145.5414°E, 488 m, 19 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica (Emerald Creek), det. Field ID (ref. Pye et al., 2003), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016551) (AM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Emerald Creek Falls State Forest, falls carpark, 17.05369°S 145.53947°E, 512 m, 31 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica (Emerald Creek), det. RBG Sydney (see Pye et al, 2003), 4 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005719-00005722) (AM), 2 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005717, 00005718) (QM).

Distribution: From one locality only at Emerald Creek, on the western side of the Lamb Range, within Dinden National Park on the Atherton tablelands in northeasterm Queensland (map 4). This area has small rocky gorges surrounded by dry savannah forest and creeks.

Remarks: Erysivena emeraldensis is most closely related to E. paluma and is distinguished from it by two dorsal tergal processes on the pygophore (cf. figs. 54 and 68); the left lateral tergal process is downturned distally and linear in shape (cf. clubbed distally and projected outward); the left paramere is only moderately expanded medially, with an angular sensory lobe and hooked apex (cf. strongly expanded, with rounded sensory lobe and unhooked apex); the right paramere has a medial flange positioned more subapical and is quadrate in shape (cf. medial flange more medial and rounded in shape); right paramere apex is very short and barely curved; the phallotheca has a large (cf. small) dorsal opening; and DES2 is not expanded medially. See also E. paluma for further remarks.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following: medium size; head strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes midsized; labium extending to mesocoxae; tip of cuneus and wing membrane veins red; pygophore with three tergal processes, far right lateral tergal lobe, elongate phalloguide; left tergal process longer than right processes; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, sensory lobe prominent, apophysis moderately elongate, apex hooked; right paramere C-shaped, expanded medial flange in inner margin with spiniferous tip, apex expanded and flattened with scalloped, serrate margin; aedeagus with PES, simple, acuminate apically, with smooth margins and elongate medial process; DES2 unbranched, without subdistal threadlike process; DES1 unbranched, margins smooth, bifurcate at apex forming large fork, basal keel (DESk) elongate; female mIRL half height of laIRL, subquadrate, margin serrate; laIRL slightly curved inward at apex, uniform width, with spiniferous base and large spiniferous basal lobe.

Description: Male: Midsized, elongate, body length 3.76–4.03 mm, pronotal width 0.99–1.03 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip red; forewing membrane uniform gray-brown, membrane veins red with color confined to vein (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of lightbrown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes midsize, extending slightly beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with AI 1.2× vertex width, AII 1.3× vertex width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, asymmetrically; three sclerotized, linear tergal processes, positioned left lateral, right lateral, and right medial; left tergal process longer than two right processes; left tergal process slightly curved downward, apex acuminate with smooth margins, small serrations on margin at base; right and right medial tergal processes adjoined at base, margins serrate; far right lateral tergal lobe present, elongate, weakly narrowing distally, apex round; ventral margin convex on left side; phalloguide with elongate process ventrad to right paramere articulation, apex bulbous, without any spines on margin of process (fig. 56A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe prominent, expanded, margins straight, so lobe does not appear swollen; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin smooth; apex hooked (fig. 56B). Right paramere: C-shaped; medial flange on inner margin directed downward, expanded and constricted to point; subapical dorsal margin with few spines; apex, short, weakly curved, laterally flattened into fan shape; tip of medial flange and margin of apex with large spines (fig. 56C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small, elongate, subovate, closed medially; round distally; lobe present on basal end of dorsal opening; weak lateral bicompression subapically on ventral surface, but not flattened (fig. 56D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 56): PES left ventrolateral to and partially sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 left dorsolateral to secondary gonopore, DES1 left lateral to DES2, base of all spicules originate proximal with base of secondary gonopore (fig. 56E, F); PES simple, unbranched, with elongate medial process projected distally, distally acuminate, margins smooth (fig. 56F); DES2 unbranched, without subdistal threadlike process (fig. 56F); DES1 simple, unbranched, margins smooth, apex evenly bisected, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 56E, F).

Female: Slightly smaller than male, body length 3.46–3.63 mm, pronotal width 0.94–0.99 mm. GENITALIA: IRS, posterior margin medially convex. Interramal lobes (fig.74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL uniform width, straight, base spiniferous with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subquadrate, margin serrate.

Etymology: Named after the host plant, Callitris endlicheri in combination with Greek phila meaning lover.

Host plant: From Callitris endlicheri (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 4 km S of Jennings, on New England Hwy, 28.96911°S 151.93263°E, 854 m, 11 Jan 2005, G. Cassis & A. Cassis, Callitris endlicheri, det. RBG Sydney, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016523) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 4 km S of Jennings, on New England Hwy, 28.96911°S 151.93263°E, 854 m, 11 Jan 2005, G. Cassis & A. Cassis, Callitris endlicheri, det. RBG Sydney, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016522), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016524, 00016525) (AM).

Distribution: Known from one locality in New South Wales, near Jennings, on the Great Dividing Range, just south of the Queensland border (map 4).

Remarks: Erysivena endlicheriphila is very closely related to E. sydneyensis, but can be differentiated by the medial and right pygophore tergal processes shorter than the left lateral process (cf. figs. 56 and 73); the lack of a medial threadlike process on DES2; the presence of a large fork at the apex of the DES1 spicule; and an expanded fanlike apex on the right paramere. See also E. sydneyensis for further remarks.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately small size; head strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes midsize; labium extending to metacoxae; forewing membrane veins red, cuneal tip rarely with hint of red; pygophore with two tergal processes positioned right and left of midline, linear shape, distally serrate; left paramere moderately expanded, with broad, round sensory lobe, apophysis elongate, apex unhooked; right paramere C-shaped, with expanded triangular medial flange, distally strongly curved and serrate; phallotheca not compressed at apex; aedeagus with PES complex, DES1 simple; PES strongly constricted above base, with elongate basal straplike process; DES2 unbranched, with medial threadlike process; DES1 unbranched with smooth margins; female laIRL curved inward and broader distally, without basal lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular.

Description: Male: Moderately small size, elongate ovoid, body length 2.97–3.31 mm, pronotal width 0.94–0.98 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip concolorous with rest or with very slight tip of red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, membrane veins red with color confined to veins (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of light-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly (fig. 57A, B); eyes midsize, extending slightly beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum (fig. 57A–C); antennae with AI 0.9× vertex width, AII 1.3× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane short, major membrane vein rounded (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, with two tergal processes, bases expanded, positioned left and right of midline, elongate, left process longer than right process, both distally serrate (figs. 57H, 59A); far right lateral tergal lobe absent; ventral margin of genital opening slightly convex (fig. 58B); round phalloguide present, positioned just inside ventral margin and protruding slightly, phalloguide not sclerotized ventrad to right paramere articulation (fig. 59A). Left paramere: Moderately expanded medially; sensory lobe broad, round; apophysis greatly elongate, inner margin smooth; apex curved inward slightly, not hooked (figs. 57H, 58A, B, 59B). Right paramere: C-shaped; medial flange on dorsal margin expanded, subtriangular, directed inward; apex strongly curved; medial flange with smooth margin, slightly rough proximate to point but not serrate; apex serrate with two rows of small spines (figs. 57H, 58B, 59C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large; round distally; ventral surface not compressed at apex; RHS dorsal margin without lobe, capped with proctiger in situ (figs. 58A, 59D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 59): PES left ventrolateral and almost entirely wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore (figs. 58C–E), DES2 dorsal to secondary gonopore and PES (fig. 58E), DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2 (figs. 58E), PES and DES2 joined by membrane sheath on right side of secondary gonopore (figs. 58E, 59E), base of all spicules originating proximal to base of secondary gonopore (fig. 58C); PES complex, acutely constricted above base, subbasal straplike process present, moderately elongate, small basal process on base before constriction point, shorter than subbasal process (figs. 58C, 59E); DES2 unbranched, not twisted distally or expanded medially, medial threadlike process present (figs. 58C, E, 59E); DES1 simple, unbranched, margins smooth, medially expanded, acuminate distally (figs. 58C, E, 59E), basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 59E).

Female: Slightly longer than male on average, body length 3.15–3.52 mm, pronotal width 0.91– 1.05 mm. GENITALIA: IRS, posterior margin concave (figs. 60D, 61C). Interramal lobes (figs. 60D, 61C): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL curved inward and slightly broader distally, base spiniferous but without lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, distally round and serrate.

Etymology: Named after the type locality and only known locality for this species in Kalbarri National Park, Western Australia, an area with a high level of biological diversity and endemism.

Host plant: Known from Callitris arenaria (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalbarri National Park, 12.6 km E Kalbarri, 27.69313°S 114.291°E, 500 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Actinostrobus arenarius, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05120411, 1♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00016472) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalbarri National Park, 12.6 km E Kalbarri, 27.69313°S 114.291°E, 500 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Actinostrobus arenarius, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05120411, 18♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016465, 00016473-00016478, 00016480-00016490), 24♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016491, 00016492, 00016499-00016505, 00016507-00016521) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016479), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016506) (UNSW), 6♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016466-00016471), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016493-00016498) (WAMP).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalbarri National Park, 12.6 km E Kalbarri, 27.69313°S 114.291°E, 500 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Actinostrobus arenarius, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05120411, 10 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016450-00016459) (AM), 5 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016460-00016464) (WAMP).

Distribution: Known from one locality in Kalbarri National Park, Western Australia, an area with high endemism in the northern end of the Southwest Botanical Zone (map 4).

Remarks: Erysivena kalbarri is most closely related to two Western Australian species, E. drepanomorpha and E. notodytika by the unique structure of PES (cf. figs. 59E, 53G, 67E). It is best differentiated from the other two species by the smaller body size; more strongly expanded head anteriorly; slightly smaller eyes (figs. 14, 57A–D); presence of two linear tergal processes on the dorsal margin of the genital opening of the pygophore (fig. 57H) (cf. one large, broad tergal process); the expanded and triangular medial flange on the inner dorsal margin of the right paramere (fig. 59C) (cf. weakly expanded dorsal edge of the other two species); and the unbranched and distally smooth DES1 (fig. 58E) (cf. complex DES1 of the other two species). It is noteworthy that the head in E. kalbarri is more strongly expanded anteriorly than any other species in the genus.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately small size; head weakly enlarged anteriorly; eyes large; labium extends to mesocoxae; cuneus tip and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with two serrate tergal processes positioned left lateral and far right lateral; far right lateral tergal process linear, with expanded basal lobe; left lateral tergal process subrectangular, curved downward and pointed distally; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, sensory lobe broad with short light-brown setae, apophysis moderately elongate, apex hooked; right paramere hammer shaped, with expanded subapical dorsal lobe, apex elongate, broad, and flattened; phallotheca opening small and round; aedeagus with PES simple, with elongate medial process, distally serrate with straight apex; DES2 bifurcate medially; DES1 simple, unbranched, curved downward distally, medially and distally serrate; female mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, expanded and serrate distally; laIRL straight and uniform width, with large spiniferous basal lobe.

Description: Male: Relatively small to midsized, elongate, body length 3.20–3.56 mm, pronotal with 0.84–1.03 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, membrane veins red with color confined to vein, subcuneal clear spot large (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale (cream) simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly expanded anteriorly; eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, All 1.2× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to mesocoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately elongate, major membrane vein slightly rounded, membrane elongate (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, asymmetrically; two sclerotized tergal processes, positioned left and far right lateral of midline; left tergal process subrectangular, apex pointed and acutely curved downward, distally serrate; far right tergal process linear, with expanded lobed base, distally serrate; ventral margin of genital opening slightly convex on left side; phalloguide sclerotized and round ventrad to right paramere articulation, with serrate lateral margin (fig. 62A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe broad, round; sensory lobe with light-brown, bristlelike setae; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin with two small spines subapically; apex hooked (fig. 62B). Right paramere: Hammer shaped; medial flange on inner lateral margin, greatly reduced, directed downward; subapical dorsal margin with expanded lobe; apex expanded, strongly curved, with flattened distal edge; tooth-like spines present on subapical lobe and in two rows on inner and outer margin along apex; lightbrown, short, bristlelike setae on apex (fig. 62C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small, closed medially; round distally, without small point at apex; basal margin of opening round; small subapical tumescence on ventral surface (fig. 62). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 62): PES ventral to and partially sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 left dorsolateral to PES, DES1 lateral to DES2, base of PES distad to base of secondary gonopore (fig. 62E); PES simple, with elongate medial process which is sometimes distally serrate and projected perpendicular to spicule or downward, apex serrate, acuminate, and straight; DES2 bifurcate medially, branches equal length and narrow, distally serrate, left branch bent perpendicular to base, right branch distally projected, with row of subbasal serrations on right side; DES1 simple, medially weakly expanded and serrate along inner margin, distally strongly curved downward and acuminate, distal margins serrate, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 62E).

Female: Subequal size to male, body length 3.14–3.41 mm, 0.89–1.04 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL straight, linear, uniform width, base with large spiniferous lobe; mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, subrectangular, distally expanded, and serrate.

Etymology: Named after ecologist Richard Major in recognition of his work at the Australian Museum, on the insect assemblages found on Callitris glaucophylla in fragmented woodlands of southeastern Australia, from which seven callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini species (including this species) were found.

Host plant: Known from Callitris glaucophylla (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 2.9 km W of Nyngan, 31.55001°S 147.1553°E, 202 m, 18 Oct 2001, Cassis, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW658275, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016233) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 2.9 km W of Nyngan, 31.55001°S 147.1553°E, 202 m, 18 Oct 2001, Cassis, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW658275, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016234, 00016235), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016237) (AM). 43.5 km S of Tamworth, on New England Hwy, 31.44702°S 150.87102°E, 674 m, 10 Jan 2005, G. Cassis, Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016246), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016248–00016251) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016245), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016247) (UNSW). Near Backyamma State Forest, 33.30638°S 148.21611°E, 10 Apr 1999, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016242), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016243, 00016244) (AM). Queensland: 5.9 km E of Mitchell, 26.48726°S 148.0361°E, 380 m, 31 Oct 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW427493, 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016238-00016241) (AM), 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000154, 00000159, 00000165), 2♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00000177, 00000182) (AMNH).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 2.9 km W of Nyngan, 31.55001°S 147.1553°E, 202 m, 18 Oct 2001, Cassis, Silveira, Wall, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW658275, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016236) (AM).

Distribution: Moderately broad inland distribution from four localities, from southern Queensland to central New South Wales, on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range and on the Great Dividing Range in northern New South Wales (map 4). Collected with Avititerra xerophila and Callitricola wiradjuri (table 2).

Remarks: Erysivena majori is closely related to E. bundjalung, E. mareeba, and E. molloy. It is distinguished from E. bundjalung and E. mareeba by the following characters (cf. figs. 62, 50, 65): the sensory lobe of the left paramere broad and rounded (cf. swollen); PES with an elongate medial process (cf. PES with a short threadlike process in E. bundjalung and E. mareeba); and dorsal opening of the phallotheca round (cf. elongate and constricted distally and basally acute. see fig. 50D). DES2 of E. majori is similar to E. mareeba, but differs from that in E. bundjalung by being bifurcate medially, rather than more distally bifurcate, and by the absence of a distinct row of toothlike serrations on the inner margin, proximal to bifurcation point (fig. 50E, F), and presence instead of more subbasal marginal serrations (62E). The DES1 spicule is more strongly down curved in E. majori than in E. mareeba (cf. figs. 62E and 64E, 65E).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; head weakly expanded anteriorly; eyes large; labium extending to mesocoxae; tip of cuneus and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with two serrate tergal processes positioned left lateral and far right lateral; far right lateral tergal process linear, elongate, separate but arising from broad tergal lobe; left tergal process subrectangular, apex slightly pointed and curved downward; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, prominent sensory lobe with swollen appearance, with dark bristlelike setae, apophysis moderately elongate, apex hooked; right paramere hammer shaped, with small subapical dorsal lobe, apex elongate, narrow edge; phallotheca opening small and subovate; aedeagus with PES simple, with small threadlike medial process, distally acuminate and ribbonlike, apex smooth or with single row of marginal serration; DES2 bifurcate medially; DES1 simple, unbranched, curved distally, serrate continuously from medial to distal margins; female mIRL half height of laIRL, round and serrate distally; laIRL straight and slightly narrowing distally with small spiniferous basal lobe.

Description: Male: Midsize, elongate ovoid, body length 3.44–3.66 mm, pronotal width 1.00– 1.06 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip dark red; forewing membrane mostly uniform dark gray-brown with slightly darker patches laterally, membrane veins red with color confined to veins, subcuneal clear spot not enlarged. VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of pale (cream) simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly expanded anteriorly, eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum (figs. 63A–D); antennae with AI 1.3x vertex width, AII 1.2x pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to mesocoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane short, major membrane vein straight; forewing membrane slightly truncated (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, asymmetrically, two sclerotized tergal processes positioned left and far right of midline (figs. 63H, 65A); left tergal process subrectangular, broad, narrows distally with apex curved downward, distally serrate (figs. 64A, 65A); right tergal process elongate, narrow, distally serrate, without an expanded base, but arising from broad tergal lobe (figs. 63H, 65A); ventral margin of genital opening slightly convex on left side (fig. 64B); phalloguide round, sclerotized, and with small, round lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation (fig. 65A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe prominent, expanded, margins slightly indented, so lobe appears swollen; sensory lobe with dark brown, bristlelike setae; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin with serrations subapically; apex hooked (figs. 64A, B, 65B). Right paramere: Hammer shaped; medial flange on inner lateral margin, absent; subapical dorsal margin expanded with small lobe; apex expanded, weakly curved, with narrow distal edge; very small toothlike spines present on subapical lobe and along narrow edge of apex; lightbrown, short, bristlelike setae on apex (figs. 64B, 65C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small, subovate; closed medially; round distally; without small point at apex; basal margin of opening V-shaped; small subapical tumescence on ventral surface (fig. 65D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 65): PES ventral to left dorsolateral to and wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore (fig. 64C, D), DES2 left lateral to PES (fig. 64D), DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2 (fig. 64C, D), base of PES slightly distad to base of secondary gonopore; PES simple with moderately short, very fine medial threadlike process (fig. 64C) (not illustrated), medially serrate on right margin, apex acuminate and ribbonlike, sometimes curved and either smooth (fig. 65E) or with few marginal serrations (fig. 64C–E); DES2 bifurcate medially, branches equal length and narrow, distal margins serrate, left branch curved downward toward base or perpendicular, right branch not bent, without submedial or subbasal serrations (figs. 64D, E, 65E); DES1 simple, medially weakly expanded, distally weakly curved, serrate continuously from medial to distal margins, basal keel (DESk) moderately elongate (figs. 64C, E, 65E).

Female: Slightly shorter on average than male, body length 3.23–3.52 mm, pronotal width 0.96–1.06 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin convex. Interramal lobes (fig.74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL straight, linear, narrowing slightly at apex, base spiniferous with small spiniferous lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, distally round and serrate.

Etymology: Named after Mareeba, near the type locality, on the Atherton Tablelands in northeastern Queensland. Noun in apposition.

Host plant: Known from Callitris intratropica (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 10 km E of Mareeba, jct of Kennedy Hwy & Kay Rd, 17.99041°S 145.5075°E, 450 m, 31 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005634) (QM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 10 km E of Mareeba, jct of Kennedy Hwy & Kay Rd, 17.99041°S 145.5075°E, 450 m, 31 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005630, 00005631), 25♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005635–00005653, 00005657–00005662) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005632, 00005633), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005654–00005656) (QM). 17 km E of Mt. Garnet, on Kennedy Hwy, 17.659°S 145.24669°E, 678 m, 21 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 7♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005555–00005561), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005566–00005569, 00005572, 00005573) (AM), 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005562–00005565), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005570, 00005571) (QM). 26.1 km W of Mt. Garnet, 17.83677°S 144.94902°E, 673 m, 22 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005530, 00005543, 00005596), 14♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005531–00005542, 00005599, 00005600) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005597), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005601) (AMNH), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005598) (QM). 58 km W of Mt. Garnet, Forty Mile Scrub National Park, 18.08155°S 144.85902°E, 758 m, 23 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005664), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005667– 00005669) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005666) (QM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005665), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005670) (UNSW). Jct of Baillie Rd & Kennedy Hwy, 25 km E of Mt. Garnet, 17.65236°S 145.31588°E, 681 m, 21 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. C. Symonds, 8♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005607–00005613, 00005615), 10♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00005617–00005626) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00005614, 00005616), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005627–00005629) (QM). Kennedy Hwy, 8 km E of Mareeba, 16.98458°S 145.4975°E, 454 m, 20 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005675) (AM). Kennedy Hwy at Kay Rd, 10 km E of Mareeba, 16.98893°S 145.5084°E, 446 m, 18 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005672, 00005673), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005674) (AM). ca. 11.3 km W of Herberton, on Herberton-Petford Rd, 17.38413°S 145.27125°E, 792 m, 01 Jun 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005577, 00005583), 12♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005578– 00005580, 00005584–00005592) (AM), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005581, 00005582) (QM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 17 km E of Mt. Garnet, on Kennedy Hwy, 17.659°S 145.24669°E, 678 m, 21 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 9 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005544–00005547, AMNH_PBI 00005550–00005554) (AM), 2 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005548, 00005549) (QM). 19.5 km N of Mareeba, 16.81938°S 145.36766°E, 406 m, 24 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 1♂ (UNSW_ENT 00046038) (AM). 26.1 km W of Mt. Garnet, 17.83677°S 144.94902°E, 673 m, 22 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 3 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005593–00005595) (AM). 58 km W of Mt. Garnet, Forty Mile Scrub National Park, 18.08155°S 144.85902°E, 758 m, 23 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 1 juv. (AMNH_ PBI 00005663) (AM). Jct of Baillie Rd & Kennedy Hwy, 25 km E of Mt. Garnet, 17.65236°S 145.31588°E, 681 m, 21 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. C. Symonds, 3 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005602–00005604) (AM), 2 juv. (AMNH_ PBI 00005605, 00005606) (QM). Kennedy Hwy at Kay Rd, 10 km E of Mareeba, 16.98893°S 145.5084°E, 446 m, 18 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. Field ID, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005671) (AM). ca. 11.3 km W of Herberton, on Herberton-Petford Rd, 17.38413°S 145.27125°E, 792 m, 01 Jun 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 3 juv. (AMNH_ PBI 00005574–00005576) (AM).

Distribution: Known from nine closely located sites near Mareeba, in savannah woodland (map 5). Collected at two sites with C. finlayae (table 2). It was also collected close to E. molloy (map 5).

Remarks: Erysivena mareeba is closely related to E. majori, E. bundjalung and E. molloy. It is readily differentiated from E. majori and E. bundjalung by the following characters (cf. figs. 65, 62, 50): the right paramere is narrower apically and the subapical dorsal lobe is very small (cf. the right paramere is flattened and apically broad, and the subapical dorsal lobe is larger in the other two species); the left paramere has dark rather than light-brown, bristlelike setae on the sensory lobe; the left tergal process of the genital opening of the pygophore is slightly larger, and the right tergal process is very narrow and more elongate with a less expanded base; a far right tergal lobe is present (not fused to the tergal process as in the other two species); PES is medially serrate, and has a very short, threadlike medial process (similar in E. bundjalung), is very narrow and ribbonlike distally, having a smooth apex or weakly serrate margin and is shorter than the other two endosomal spicules. It is noteworthy that PES varies subtly within all three species. See also remarks below for E. molloy.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately small size; head weakly expanded anteriorly; eyes large; labium extending over abdomen; tip of cuneus and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with two serrate tergal processes positioned left lateral and far right lateral; far right lateral tergal process elongate, linear, with expanded lobed base; left lateral tergal process subrectangular, curved downward and pointed distally; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, prominent sensory lobe with tumescencelike appearance and with short dark bristlelike setae, apophysis moderately elongate, apex with blunt hook; right paramere hammer shaped, with greatly expanded subapical dorsal lobe longer than apex, apex broad and flattened; phallotheca opening small and drop shaped; female mIRL half height of laIRL, round and serrate distally; laIRL slightly curved inward at apex and uniform width, with small spiniferous basal lobe.

Description: Male: Moderately small size, elongate ovoid, body length 3.28 mm, pronotal width 1.02 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip red; forewing membrane uniformly light gray-brown, veins red posteriorly with color confined to veins, subcuneal clear spot enlarged. VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of lightbrown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly expanded anteriorly; eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; labium elongate, extending to abdomen; cuneus round in dorsal view. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately short, major membrane vein straight (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, two sclerotized tergal processes, positioned left and far right lateral of midline (fig. 66A); left tergal process subrectangular, apex pointed and slightly curved downward, distally serrate; far right tergal process linear, elongate, with expanded lobed base, distally serrate; ventral margin of genital opening slightly convex; phalloguide sclerotized and round ventrad to right paramere articulation, with serrate margin (fig. 66A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe prominent, expanded, margins slightly indented, so lobe appears swollen; sensory lobe with dark brown, bristlelike setae; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin smooth; apex with blunt hook (fig. 66B). Right paramere: Hammer shaped; medial flange on inner lateral margin, small and rounded, directed downward; subapical dorsal margin, expanded with large lobe; apex not greatly expanded (shorter than subapical lobe), strongly curved, with flattened distal edge; toothlike spines present intermittently spaced on subapical lobe and in two rows on inner and outer margin along apex; lightbrown, short, bristlelike setae on apex (fig. 66C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small, drop shaped; closed medially; round distally, without pointed apex; basal margin of opening V-shaped; small subapical tumescence on ventral surface (fig. 66D). Aedeagus: Unknown.

Female: Subequal size to male, body length 3.34–3.42 mm, pronotal width 0.95–0.97 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL linear, uniform width, weakly curved inward distally, base spiniferous with small spiniferous lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, distally round, and serrate.

Etymology: Named after Mt. Molloy, near the type locality, on the Atherton Tablelands in northeastern Queensland. Noun in apposition.

Host plant: Known from Callitris intratropica (table 2), a slight variant morphologically in this area near Mt. Molloy (Paul Gadek, personal commun.).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 12.8 km NW of Mt. Molloy, on Hwy 81, 16.63719°S 145.23661°E, 401 m, 24 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005756) (QM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 12.8 km NW of Mt. Molloy, on Hwy 81, 16.63719°S 145.23661°E, 401 m, 24 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005758) (AM), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005757) (QM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 12.8 km NW of Mt. Molloy, on Hwy 81, 16.63719°S 145.23661°E, 401 m, 24 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris intratropica, det. RBG Sydney, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005760) (AM), 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005759) (QM).

Distribution: Known from one locality in northeastern Queensland on the Atherton Tablelands near Mt. Molloy (map 5).

Remarks: The aedeagus of the only male specimen of this species was not fully formed, and was not examined. However, differences found in the parameres, tergal processes, and phallotheca are sufficient to distinguish this species. Erysivena molloy is closely related to E. majori, E. bundjalung, and E. mareeba, and is differentiated by the blunt hook on the left paramere, and the greatly expanded subapical dorsal process on the right paramere, which is longer than the apex (in the other species the subbasal lobe is small and round and significantly shorter than the apex).

Erysivena molloy and E. mareeba are both found in the Atherton Tablelands and on Callitris intratropica. However, the population of Callitris intratropica near Mt. Molloy, which is the host of E. molloy, is significantly different morphologically and is geographically separated from the other Callitris intratropica populations in the Atherton tablelands (Paul Gadek, personal commun.). This may be indicative of incipient speciation in the host plant, and putatively tracked by these Erysivena species. Additional morphological differences between E. mareeba and E. molloy are the elongate right tergal process on the pygophore that is without a basal lobe, and a more sclerotized and serrate lobe on the phalloguide. The female genitalia of these two species also differ, with the interramal lobes in E. molloy slightly narrower and shorter laIRL, and a more elongate basal lobe on the laIRL, in comparison to E. mareeba, as well as a broader mIRL (cf. fig. 74).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; head strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes medium; labium extending to metacoxae; cuneus tip with slight hint of red, forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with one left lateral tergal process, subovate with entire margin serrate; left paramere moderately expanded, with broad, angular sensory lobe, apophysis elongate with unhooked apex; right paramere C-shaped, medial flange broad, weakly expanded, strongly curved apex, entire margin serrate from apex to medial flange; phallotheca compressed far right of midline at apex; aedeagus with complex PES and DES1 spicules; PES with short, straplike basal process; DES2 unbranched, with three distinct basomedial spines on ventral surface; DES1 expanded basally, basal processes attached opposite, bifurcate in distal third with distal branches of equal length; female laIRL elongate, tapering distally, with small spiniferous basal lobe; mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, strongly curved inward and pointed distally.

Description: Male: Midsize, elongate, total length 3.91–4.08 mm, pronotal width 1.08–1.16 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellow-green, faded; cuneus tip with very slight hint of red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, membrane veins red with color extending slightly onto surrounding membrane (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of medium to dark brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes midsize, extending slightly beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with AI 0.9x vertex width, AII 1.1x pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately elongate, major membrane vein round (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave; one left lateral tergal process, subrectangular with entire serrate margin (fig. 67A); far right lateral tergal lobe absent; ventral margin of genital opening straight with round cup-shaped phalloguide, sclerotized at base of right paramere articulation. Left paramere: Moderately expanded medially; sensory lobe broad, outer margin angular; apophysis greatly elongate, inner margin smooth; apex curved inward slightly, not hooked (fig. 67B). Right paramere: C-shaped, medial flange on dorsal margin as broad, weakly expanded edge; apex strongly curved; medial flange (distally) and apex serrate, without smooth subapical shaft, serrations continuous along margin to apex; outer lateral surface with simple setae (fig. 67C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large; round distally; compressed to far right of ventral midline; RHS dorsal margin without lobe (fig. 67D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 67): PES left ventrolateral and almost entirely wrapped sheathlike around secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsal to secondary gonopore and PES, DES1 left dorsolateral to DES2, PES and DES2 joined by membrane sheath on right side of secondary gonopore, base of all spicules originating proximal to base of secondary gonopore; PES complex, acutely constricted above base, short, straplike subbasal process present, short basal process on base before constriction point present, processes subequal length; DES2 unbranched, weakly curved and twisted distally, medial threadlike process absent, three baso-medial spines present; DES1 complex, base expanded, basal processes attached opposite (i.e., next to each other at same height up spicule), bifurcates in distal third with branches narrow and equal length, basal keel (DESk) elongate (not illustrated) (fig. 67A).

Female: Very slightly shorter than male, body length 3.79–3.96 mm, pronotal width 1.08–1.20 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin medially convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separate from laIRL; laIRL curved inward and slightly tapered distally, base spiniferous, with small lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, tapered and curved inward distally, distal half serrate.

Etymology: This species name reflects the distribution of the species in the southwestern corner of Western Australia, from the Greek notos (“south”) and dytikos (“western”).

Host Plants: Known from Callitris preissii (Perth) and Callitris tuberculata (Hellfire Bay) (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Mosman Park, Perth, trail b/w Minum Cove Park and Chidley Point Reserve, 32.01573°S 115.7626°E, 15 m, 01 Aug 2005–03 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620101, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005477) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Hellfire Bay, Cape Le Grande National Park, 34.00398°S 122.1696°E, 30 m, 24 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05670896, 10♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016411–00016419, 00016424), 12♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016425– 00016436) (AM), 14♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000199, 00000201–00000204, 00000210–00000212, 00000214, 00000222, 00000226, 00000227, 00000228, 00000230,), 14♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000200, 00000205, 00000206, 00000209, 00000213, 00000215, 00000218, 00000219, 00000220, 00000221, 00000223–00000225, 00000229) (AMNH), 8♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000207, 00000208, 00000216, 00000217, 00016420–00016423), 8♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016437–00016444) (WAMP). Mosman Park, Perth, 32°S 115.75°E, 30 m, 05 Dec 2004, G. Cassis, Callitris preissii, 7♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016400– AMNH_PBI 00016406), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 0001640700016420–00016423, 00016409) (AM). Mosman Park, Perth, trail b/w Minum Cove Park and Chidley Point Reserve, 32.01573°S 115.7626°E, 15 m, 01 Aug 2005–03 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620101, 3♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005479– 00005481), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005486) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005483), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005487) (UNSW), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005478), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005485) (WAMP).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Hellfire Bay, Cape Le Grande National Park, 34.00398°S 122.1696°E, 30 m, 24 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, and R. Silveira, Callitris tuberculata, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05670896, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016410), 5 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00016445– 00016449) (AM).

Distribution: Known from two localities in coastal southwestern Western Australia, in Perth and Hellfire Bay, Cape Le Grande National Park (map 5), in the Southwest Botanical Zone. Collected with Ngullamiris whadjuk at Mosman Park, a suburb of Perth (table 2).

Remarks: Erysivena notodytika is most closely related to E. drepanomorpha, with which it shares two synapomorphic characters: the unique sickle shape of the left lateral tergal process on the dorsal margin of the pygophore and the complex shape of the DES1 spicule bifurcate and with two basal processes (figs. 67E, 53G).

Erysivena notodytika is readily distinguished from E. drepanomorpha by the following characters of the male and female genitalia (cf. figs. 67, 53, 74): more round and less angular shape of the left tergal process and the absence of a right lateral tergal lobe on the pygophore (fig. 67A); the left paramere with a slightly more angular sensory lobe, with the resting position inside the pygophore, and not extending over the ventral margin (fig. 67B); the right paramere serrated entirely from apex to the medial flange (fig. 67C); DES2 has a row of submedial spines (fig. 67E); DES1 is broad at the base and distally bifurcate (fig. 67E) (rather than medially bifurcate in E. drepanomorpha, fig. 53G); and the larger inwardly curving and apically pointed mIRL and presence of a small basal lobe on the laIRL. The laIRL is also more elongate and tapering distally (fig. 74).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; head strongly expanded anteriorly; large eyes; labium extending past metacoxae; basal inner third of cuneus and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with one left lateral tergal process, reduced right lateral tergal lobe, elongate lobe on phalloguide ventrad to right paramere articulation, with two spines on dorsal and left lateral margin of lobe; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, sensory lobe round, apophysis moderately elongate, apex not hooked; right paramere C-shaped, medial flange on inner dorsal margin round, with serrate margin, apex weakly curved and smooth; aedeagus with PES simple unbranched, distally sparsely serrate, DES2 bifurcate in distal third, expanded medially; DES1 simple, short, distally serrate only; female laIRL uniform width without spiniferous basal lobe; mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, subrectangular.

Description: Male: Midsized, elongate-ovoid, body length 3.79–3.95 mm, pronotal width 0.99– 1.12 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum bright yellowgreen; cuneus tip and half of inner margin dark red, remainder pale green-yellow; forewing membrane dark gray-brown with slightly darker patches laterally and in major cell, membrane veins red with color confined to vein (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with sparse distribution of pale to medium-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with AI 1.3x vertex width, AII 1.3x vertex width; labium elongate, extending beyond metacoxae, over abdomen. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell moderately short, major membrane vein very slightly rounded (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, asymmetrically; one sclerotized, elongate, distally serrate tergal process, positioned left lateral; apex of left tergal process expanded, leaf shaped, spinose; right tergal process absent; right lateral tergal lobe present, reduced, broad; ventral margin of genital opening sinuous, slightly concave on left side; phalloguide with elongate process ventrad to right paramere articulation, process flattened and curved, with two spines, on left margin, posteriorly and medially (fig. 68A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular shape; sensory lobe prominent expanded; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin smooth; apex curved inward slightly, not hooked (fig. 68B). Right paramere: C-shaped; medial flange on inner dorsal margin directed inward, expanded and round in shape; apex short and weakly curved; medial flange with serrate margin, apex smooth; setae absent (fig. 68C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small and subovate; closed dorsal surface of translucent membrane; round distally; not compressed; slight subapical tumescence on ventral surface; lobes on dorsal margin absent (fig. 68D, E). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 68): PES left ventrolateral to and partially sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsal to secondary gonopore and PES, DES1 left lateral to DES2, base of PES originating distad to base of secondary gonopore, DES2 and DES1 originating proximal to base of secondary gonopore; PES simple, unbranched, apex acuminate, sparsely serrate in distal third; without medial process; DES2 bifurcate in distal third, branches subequal, left branch bent downward, medially serrate before bifurcation point on right margin; DES1 simple, unbranched, apex blunt and serrate, significantly shorter than PES and DES2 spicules, with basal keel (DESk) elongate, situated adjacent to DES2 (fig. 68F).

Female: Subequal in size to male, body length 3.73–4.01 mm, pronotal width 0.96–1.08 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin medially convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): laIRL curved inward slightly, uniform width, base spiniferous without lobe; mIRL two-thirds height of laIRL, subrectangular, serrations confined to margin mostly, with few small spines on distal surface.

Etymology: Named after the type locality near Paluma in northeastern Queensland. Noun in apposition.

Host plant: Known from Callitris endlicheri “Paluma,” an aberrant population with some morphological characteristics of C. endlicheri. It is only known from Paluma, where it grows along a small ephemeral watercourse, and is possibly a new species (Pye et al., 2003) (Paul Gadek, personal commun.).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Hidden Valley, 20 km west of Paluma, 18.98853°S 146.0507°E, 756 m, 21 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris endlicheri (Paluma), det. Field ID (ref. Pye et al., 2003), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005518) (QM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 20.3 km W of Paluma, 18.98536°S 146.04188°E, 711 m, 20 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, Callitris endlicheri (Paluma), det. RBG Sydney (see Pye et al., 2003), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005499), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005500, 00005501) (AM), 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005502, 00005503) (QM). Hidden Valley, 20 km west of Paluma, 18.98853°S 146.0507°E, 756 m, 21 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, endlicheri (Paluma), det. Field ID (ref. Pye et al., 2003), 5♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005489, 00005490, AMNH_PBI 00005515–00005517), 7♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005492, 00005493, 00005495, 00005522–00005525) (AM), 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005491, 00005519– 00005521), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005494, 00005526–00005529) (QM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 20.3 km W of Paluma, 18.98536°S 146.04188°E, 711 m, 20 May 2006, Cassis, Barrow, Finlay, and Symonds, endlicheri (Paluma), det. RBG Sydney (see Pye et al., 2003), 3 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005496–00005498) (AM). Hidden Valley, 20 km west of Paluma, 18.98853°S 146.0507°E, 756 m, 21 Apr 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris endlicheri (Paluma), det. Field ID ref. Pye et al., 2003, 7 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005488, 00005504–00005509) (AM), 5 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005510–00005514) (QM).

Distribution: Known from one locality on the road to Hidden Valley, west of Paluma in the dry tropics of northeastern Queensland (map 5).

Remarks: Erysivena paluma is most closely related to E. emeraldensis on the basis of the distinct right paramere and the endosomal spicule configuration. In particular, the flattened medial flange on the inner dorsal margin and smooth apex of the right paramere, the similar endosomal spicule substructure, and the structure of the elongate phalloguide, which has marginal spines (figs. 68, 54). Erysivena majori, E. bundjalung and E. mareeba also have similar endosomal spicule configuration and structure. However, E. emeraldensis and E. paluma can be distinguished by the following characters: PES does not taper from base to apex (figs. 64C, 65C), but tapers to just above the midpoint and then widens again slightly with a broader serrate apex (fig. 68F, 54E); and DES1 is significantly shorter than PES and DES2 (figs. 68F, 54F), rather than subequal (figs. 64E, 65E). The elongate phalloguide and left and right paramere shapes are similar to the E. schwartzi, E. endlicheriphila, and E. sydneyensis clade (cf. figs. 68, 73). The endosomal spicule configuration and tergal processes on the pygophore are similar to the E. majori, E. bundjalung, and E. mareeba clade (cf. figs. 68 and 65).

Erysivena paluma is distinguished from E. emeraldensis by the lack of a right tergal process and the leaf-shaped left tergal process on the genital opening of the pygophore (cf. figs. 68A, 54A), the more subtriangular left paramere without a strongly hooked apex (cf. figs. 68B, 54B), and the more elongate apex on the right paramere (cf. figs. 68C, 54C). There are also subtle differences in body shape (fig. 14); E. paluma has shorter hemelytra, with the cuneus and major cell of the membrane shorter, the major vein slightly rounded and the membrane slightly truncate. Conversely, E. emeraldensis has more elongate hemelytra including the cuneus membrane and major cell, and a straight major vein that is parallel to the inner cuneal margin.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; head enlarged anteriorly; eyes large; labium extending to metacoxae; tip of cuneus and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore, dorsal margin strongly asymmetrically concave, with two tergal processes; left tergal process linear; far right tergal process linear, uniformly broad, without basal lobe; left paramere moderately expanded, with round, broad sensory lobe, apophysis elongate, unhooked apex, rests flexed back over ventral surface of pygophore; right paramere C-shaped, distinctive, with elongate smooth distal shaft, expanded medial flange, and small basal serrate process; aedeagus with PES complex, weakly constricted above broad base, without subbasal or medial process; DES2 unbranched with small medial process; DES1 unbranched, bent medially, with prominent medial lobe, dist ally serrate; female mIRL subquadrate, two-thirds height of laIRL.

Description: Male: Midsize, elongate, body length 3.68–4.12 mm, pronotal width 1.02–1.26 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, membrane veins red with color bleeding onto surrounding membrane (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of light-brown simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly expanded anteriorly; clypeus round in dorsal view; eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, AII 1.1x pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately short, major membrane vein slightly round (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly asymmetrically concave, with two tergal processes; left lateral tergal process linear, elongate, margins serrate, curved downward distally; right lateral tergal process linear, margins serrate, broad at base, without basal lobe; ventral margin of genital opening slightly round (convex) with round cup-shaped phalloguide situated just inside and protruding over ventral margin; phalloguide with short, slightly sclerotized lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation, edge with very small serrations (not visible in illustration) (fig. 69A). Left paramere: Moderately expanded medially; sensory lobe broad, round; apophysis greatly elongate, inner margin smooth; apex curved inward slightly, apex not hooked (fig. 69B); left paramere flexed back over ventral surface of pygophore at rest. Right paramere: C-shaped, base of paramere with short serrate process; medial flange dorsal margin, expanded, subtriangular, directed inward; apex expanded, strongly curved round to medial flange, tip of apex curved outward; medial flange with few small toothlike serrations at point; apex and subapical outer margin serrate, with smooth apical shaft between (fig. 69C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening large; apex round; ventral surface without lateral bicompression or tumescence; right dorsal margin with large lobe medially (fig. 69D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 69): PES left lateral to slightly ventral of and partially sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 dorsal to PES and secondary gonopore, DES 1 dorsad of DES2, all originating proximal to base of secondary gonopore; PES complex, moderately narrow, weakly constricted above base, tapering to apex, few serrations present on distal margin; without subbasal straplike process; DES2 unbranched, medial threadlike process present; DES1 simple, unbranched, bent medially with large medial lobe, distally serrate, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 69E).

Female: Subequal in size to male, body length 3.35–4.08 mm, pronotal width 1.06–1.13 mm. GENITALIA: IRS, posterior margin straight; mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL straight, very slightly curved inward at apex, base spiniferous but without lobe; mIRL twothirds height of laIRL, subquadrate, distally serrate (fig. 74).

Etymology: Named in honor of Toby Schuh in recognition of his support for this project and immense contribution to the discovery and documentation of Australian Miridae.

Host plants: Known from Callitris glaucophylla in New South Wales and Callitris verrucosa and an unidentified Callitris species in South Australia (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Murda State Forest, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 24 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 1♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041623) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Euglo Dam, 33.415°S 147.135°E, 18 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 2♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041667, UNSW_ENT 00041668) (AM); 17 Sep 1997, G. Cassis, Callitris glaucophylla, 1♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041769) (AM). Murda State Forest, 33.0175°S 147.26611°E, Sep 1997, F. Christie, Callitris glaucophylla, 5♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041715-UNSW_ENT 00041719), 15 (UNSW_ENT 00041726) (AM). Murda State Forest, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 24 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 4♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041624-UNSW_ENT 00041627), 3♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041628-UNSW_ ENT 00041630) (AM). Murda State Forest, Parkes-Condoblin, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 16♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041637-UNSW_ENT 00041648, UNSW_ENT 00041708, UNSW_ENT 00041740-UNSW_ENT 00041742), 1 adult (sex unknown) (UNSW_ENT 00041649), 9♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041661-UNSW_ENT 00041666, UNSW_ENT 00041743-UNSW_ENT 00041745) (AM), 2♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041631, UNSW_ENT 00041632), 2♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041657, UNSW_ ENT 00041658) (AMNH), 2♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041635, UNSW_ENT 00041636) (SAMA), 2♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041633, UNSW_ENT 00041634), 2♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041659, UNSW_ ENT 00041660) (UNSW). Roadside remnant near Condobolin Tip, 33.07505°S 147.14466°E, 25 Sep 1997, Australian Museum, Callitris glaucophylla, 4♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041682, UNSW_ENT 00041683, UNSW_ENT 00041709, UNSW_ENT 00041712), 2♀ (UNSW_ENT 00041713, UNSW_ ENT 00041714) (AM). Taratta State Forest, 32.8°S 147.03333°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 11♂ (UNSW_ENT 00041690-UNSW_ENT 00041699, UNSW_ENT 00041736) (AM). South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62872°S 140.8598°E, 100 m, 09 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00016558, 00016559) (AM). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.60421°S 140.8646°E, 125 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Callitris verrucosa, det. RBG Sydney NSW427497, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00016555) (AM), 2♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00000190, 00000197) (AMNH), 2♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00016556, 00016557) (SAMA). Road to Streaky Bay from Poochera, 32.73441°S 134.7605°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris sp., det. Field ID, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003929), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000146) (AMNH).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Murda State Forest, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 24 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 10 juv. (UNSW_ ENT 00041815-UNSW_ENT 00041824) (AM). Murda State Forest, Parkes-Condoblin, 33.015°S 147.201°E, 25 Sep 1997, AM Terr. Ecol. Dept., Callitris glaucophylla, 7 juv. (UNSW_ENT 00041650-UNSW_ENT 00041656) (AM).

Distribution: Known from nine localities in South Australia, Scorpion Springs Conservation Park and near Streaky Bay on the Eyre Peninsula from sandy shrublands and from the central western woodlands of New South Wales (map 5). Cooccurring with seven other species (table 2) in different parts of its range, most commonly with Blattakeraia hochuli in New South Wales, and recorded with three other Erysivena species, including the closely related E. apta.

Remarks: The right paramere of E. schuhi is very distinctive with a basal process and greatly elongate apex (fig. 69C), which is unique within Erysivena. Erysivena schuhi is closely related to E. apta, and can be distinguished by differences in the left paramere, right paramere, pygophore tergal processes, and DES1 and DES2 endosomal spicules (cf. figs. 69, 49). DES1 is simple, unbranched, and bent in both species, but in E. schuhi it is more downcurved at the apex and has a large medial swollen lobe (fig. 69E), whereas in E. apta DES1 is S-shaped and points upward at the apex (fig. 49F). DES2 has a medial process and broad serrate apex that is distally projected (fig. 69E), whereas in E. apta, DES2 lacks a medial process and is moderately tapered and down curved at the apex (fig. 49E). When collected with E. apta, males of E. schuhi can be easily distinguished by the linear, unbranched left tergal process of the genital opening (fig. 69A), the anteriorly flexed left paramere, and the greatly expanded right paramere (fig. 69C).

Females of Erysivena schuhi cannot be differentiated externally when collected with E. apta, as both species have the prominent red marking on the cuneus, the red from the hemelytral veins extending onto the surrounding membrane, and both have an elongate labium. The head shape of females of both species differs a little. As in the males, the females of E. schuhi have larger eyes and a shorter head anteriorly, compared to E. apta, whereas the females have reduced eye size compared to conspecific males.

Erysivena schuhi and E. drepanomorpha share a character that unique within the genus, namely the left paramere flexes back anteriorly over the ventral surface of the pygophore (e.g., fig. 52B). When collected with E. drepanomorpha, males and females of E. schuhi can be distinguished by the strong red cuneal tip and slight infusion of red from the veins onto the surrounding membrane (fig. 14). Males of these two species are readily separated by structures of the tergal processes and right parameres (cf. figs. 69 and 53).

When collected with E. schwartzi, which also has a red cuneal tip on the hemelytra, males of E. schuhi can be distinguished by the flexed left paramere and right paramere shape (cf. figs. 69C and 70C). The females of these two species are subtly differentiated by the smaller more subovate wing membrane vein and weak infusion of red from veins onto the membrane (fig. 14).

Erysivena schuhi also shares some characters with E. kalbarri. The left paramere and DES2 are similar to those of E. kalbarri. The medial process on DES2 in this species is still small but not as fine and short as that of E. kalbarri (fig. 59E).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; head strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes medium; labium extending to metacoxae; cuneus tip and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with two tergal processes, far right lateral tergal lobe, elongate right lateral process on ventral phalloguide with right lateral spine; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, apophysis moderately elongate, apex hooked; right paramere, C-shaped, expanded medial flange on inner margin with one spine at tip, apex expanded, serrate, and strongly curved round to medial flange; aedeagus with PES simple, acuminate, with smooth margins and short medial process; DES2 unbranched, with subdistal threadlike process, expanded medially and acutely narrow apically; DES1 unbranched, margins smooth, bifurcate at apex forming C-shape where one branch is significantly longer and curved; female mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, margin serrate; laIRL slightly curved inward at apex, with spiniferous base and small spiniferous basal lobe.

Description: Male: Midsize, elongate, body length 3.54–3.84 mm, pronotal width 0.95–1.02 mm. COLORATION : Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip red; forewing membrane graybrown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, veins orange-red with color confined to veins, subcuneal clear spot not enlarged (fig. 14). VES-TITURE: Dorsum with sparse distribution of pale simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes midsize, extending slightly beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum; antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, All 1.2× pronotal width; labium midlength, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of membrane moderately elongate, major membrane vein straight (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave; two sclerotized, elongate tergal processes, positioned left lateral and right lateral; left tergal process slightly curved downward, apex weakly expanded and serrate only distally, uniform width (not narrowing apically); right tergal process with apex pointed and distally serrate; far right lateral tergal lobe present, elongate, weakly narrowing distally, apex round, directed inward; ventral margin of genital opening convex on left side; phalloguide with elongate process ventrad to right paramere articulation, apex bulbous, one sclerotized spine on right lateral margin of process (fig. 70A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe prominent, expanded, margin indented on distal side so lobe appears swollen; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin smooth; apex hooked (fig. 70B). Right paramere: C-shaped; medial flange on inner dorsal margin directed downward, expanded, and subtriangular; subapical dorsal margin with two large spines; apex, expanded, strongly curved; tip of medial flange with large spine, and margin of apex with two rows of large spines (fig. 70C). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small, subovate; closed medially; round distally; without lobe on basal margin of dorsal opening; weak lateral bicompression subapically on ventral surface (fig. 70D). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 70): PES left ventrolateral to and partially sheathing secondary gonopore, DES2 left dorsolateral to secondary gonopore, DES1 left lateral to DES2, base of all spicules originate in line with base of secondary gonopore; PES simple (unbranched), with short medial process directed perpendicular to spicule, distally acuminate, margins smooth; DES2 unbranched, with subdistal threadlike process, expanded medially, apex very narrow and threadlike; DES1 simple, unbranched, margins smooth, straight, not expanded medially, unevenly bisected with one part significantly longer and curved, basal keel (DESk) elongate (fig. 70E).

Female: Slightly shorter than males on average, body length 3.23–3.67 mm, pronotal width 0.93–1.02 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin medially strongly convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL uniform width, curved inward at apex, base spiniferous with small spiniferous lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subrectangular, margins serrate.

Etymology: Named in honor of Michael Schwartz for his significant contribution in the collecting and taxonomy of Australian Miridae, and in recognition of his authority on the Orthotylini worldwide.

Host plants: Known from Callitris glaucophylla and C. gracilis in Victoria, and unidentified Callitris species at two localities in South Australia (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.46302°S 142.0464°E, 65 m, 04 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris gracilis, det. RBG Sydney NSW658101, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005297) (MVMA).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 7 km E Para Wirra National Park near Williamstown, 34.70001°S 138.85°E, 250 m, 31 Oct 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Callitris sp., det. Field ID, 5♂ (AMNH_PBI 0000024100000244, 00000246), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000247) (AMNH), 6♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000239, 00000240, 00000245, 0000024800000250) (SAMA). 11 km W of G awl er, 34.60001°S 138.6167°E, 100 m, 31 Oct 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Callitris glaucophylla or gracilis, det. K.D. Hill 1996 NSW 395960, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000233, 00000235), 2♀(AMNH_PBI 00000236, 00000238) (AMNH), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000234), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000237) (SAMA). Road to Streaky Bay from Poochera, 32.73441°S 134.7605°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris sp., del. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003926), 2♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00003927, 00003928) Callitris roei, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 05095212, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000151) (AMNH), Callitris roei, det. Field ID, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003924, 00003925), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000149) (SAMA). Victoria: Wemen, SSW of Robinvale, bank of Murray River, 34.78361°S 142.63550 °E, 65 m, 03 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris glaucophylla, det. RBG Sydney NSW658084, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003955, 00003957), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003958-00003963) (AMNH), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003956), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003964, 00003965) (MVMA). Wyperfeld National Park, Moonah Track, 35.46302°S 142.0464°E, 65 m, 04 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Callitris gracilis, det. RBG Sydney NSW658101, 10♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005324-00005326, 00005328-00005333, 00016563), 17♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005300, 00005301, 00005303-00005315, 00005317, 00005318) (AM), 7♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003943-00003949), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003951) (AMNH), 6♂ (AMNH_PBI 00003950, 00005295, 00005296, 00005298, 00005299, 00005302), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00003952, 00005319-00005323) (MVMA), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005316), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005327) (UNSW).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Road to Streaky Bay from Poochera, 32.73441°S 134.7605°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris sp., det. Field ID, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00003930) (AMNH).

Distribution: Known from four localities in southeastern Australia, from western Victoria to the Eyre Peninsula (map 5). Cooccurring with two Callitricola and two other Erysivena species (table 2).

Remarks: Erysivena schwartzi is closely related to E. endlicheriphila (fig. 56) and E. sydneyensis (fig. 73) but can be differentiated by the following characters: pygophore having only two dorsal tergal processes and ventral phalloguide with a small spine on the margin of the elongate process, ventrad to the right paramere articulation point (fig. 70A); the expanded and more mitten-shaped right paramere (fig. 70C); and the endosomal spicules with an expanded DES2 and unevenly bisected apex on DES1 (rather than the even fork shape of the other two species) (fig. 70E).

Where E. schwartzi is collected with E. drepanomorpha and E. schuhi, it is distinguished most easily (in males) by the left paramere situated along the pygophore ventral margin rather than flexed anteriorly as in these other two species. Females of E. schwartzi can be distinguished from those of E. drepanomorpha by a red cuneal tip. Females of E. schwartzi and E. schuhi are more subtly differentiated as both species have a red cuneal tip, however the hemelytral membrane veins are slightly more elongate and the red coloration is confined to the vein only in E. schwartzi. (cf. slightly rounded wing membrane veins and weak red infusion onto membrane in E. schuhi).

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized; head strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes large; labium extending to metacoxae; cuneus tip and forewing membrane veins red; pygophore with three tergal processes, far right lateral tergal lobe, elongate phalloguide; tergal processes subequal in length; left paramere strongly expanded, subtriangular, sensory lobe prominent, apophysis moderately elongate, apex hooked; right paramere C-shaped, expanded medial flange in inner margin with spiniferous tip, apex weakly curved, serrate; aedeagus with PES simple, unbranched, acuminate, with smooth margins and elongate medial process; DES2 unbranched, possessing subapical threadlike process on outer margin; DES1 unbranched, margins smooth, bifurcate at apex forming small fork; female mIRL half height of laIRL, sub quadrate, margin serrate; laIRL slightly curved inward at apex and uniform width, with spiniferous base and small spiniferous basal lobe.

Description: Male: Midsized, elongate, body length 3.51–4.19 mm, pronotal width 0.88–1.08 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum yellowish green, faded; cuneus tip red; forewing membrane light gray-brown with darker patches laterally and in major cell, veins orange-red with color confined to vein, subcuneal clear spot not enlarged (fig. 14). VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of light to dark simple setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Strongly expanded anteriorly; eyes large, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum, but only moderately exerted beyond outline of head (fig. 71A–D); antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, All 1.3× pronotal width; labium medium length, extending to metacoxae. Hemelytra: Cuneus and major cell of forewing membrane elongate; major membrane vein straight (fig. 14). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Dorsal margin of genital opening strongly concave, asymmetrically, three sclerotized, linear, elongate, tergal processes, positioned left lateral, right lateral and right medial (figs. 71H, 73A); tergal processes subequal in length; left tergal process slightly curved downward, apex pointed, margins serrate (fig. 73A); right and right medial tergal processes adjoined at base, margins serrate (figs. 71H, 73A); far right lateral tergal lobe present, elongate, weakly narrowing distally, apex round, directed inward (figs. 71H, 72B, 73A); ventral margin of genital opening convex on left side (fig. 72A); phalloguide with elongate sclerotized process ventrad to right paramere articulation, apex bulbous, without any spines on margin of process (figs. 71H, 72A, B, 73A). Left paramere: Strongly expanded medially, subtriangular; sensory lobe prominent, expanded, margins straight, so lobe does not appear swollen; apophysis moderately elongate, inner margin with serrate edge; apex hooked (figs. 71H, 72A, 73B). Right paramere: C-shaped; medial flange on inner margin directed downward, expanded and constricted to point; subapical dorsal margin with few small spines; apex short and weakly curved; tip of medial flange and margin of apex with large spines (figs. 71H, 72B, 73C, D). Phallotheca: Dorsal opening small (fig. 71H), subovate, closed medially, round distally, lobe present on basal margin of dorsal opening (fig. 73F); weak lateral bicompression subapically on ventral surface, but not flattened, small subapical ventral tumescence (figs. 72B, 73E). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 73): PES left ventrolateral to and partially sheathing secondary gonopore (figs. 72, E), DES2 left dorsolateral to secondary gonopore (fig. 72E), DES1 left lateral to DES2 (fig. 72C), base of all spicules originate proximal with base of secondary gonopore (fig. 73G); PES simple, unbranched, with elongate medial process, directed downward, distally acuminate, margins smooth (figs. 72C, 73G); DES2 unbranched, with subdistal threadlike process (figs. 72D, 73G); DES1 simple, unbranched, margins smooth, straight, not expanded medially, apex bisected evenly and shallow; basal keel (DESk) moderately elongate (figs. 72C–E, 73G).

Female: Slightly shorter on average than male, body length 3.13–4.01 mm, pronotal width 0.85–1.05 mm. GENITALIA: IRS posterior margin medially convex. Interramal lobes (fig. 74): mIRL entirely separated from laIRL; laIRL uniform width, curved inward distally, base spiniferous with small spiniferous lobe; mIRL half height of laIRL, subquadrate, serrations confined to margin.

Etymology: Named after the city of Sydney, Australia, as it is the only callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini species collected within the Sydney region (to date). Also, one of only two species known from Callitris rhomboidea, the Port Jackson pine, which is the only Callitris species commonly found in the Sydney region.

Host plants: Known from Callitris rhomboidea predominantly, Callitris endlichen at two localities in inland New South Wales and Callitris baileyi for one population at Tabulum (table 2). Interestingly, where this species was collected from two sites in Wollemi National Park, Callitris rhomboidea grows alongside Callitris endlicheri. However, juvenile bugs and the majority of adults were collected only from Callitris rhomboidea, with a few adults found on Callitris endli- cheri. This species was found in high densities on the Callitris rhomboidea (adults and juveniles) in Wollemi National Park. Callitris rhomboidea occurs in open forest and on exposed sandstone ridgetops in eastern New South Wales and occurs across southeastern Australia. Callitris baileyi is found in open forest on dry inland ranges of northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland and is rare and listed as endangered in New South Wales (Hill, 1998).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Woronora Dam Picnic Area, 34.11613°S 150.9347°E, 211 m, 21 Dec 2004, C. Symonds, R. Silveira, M. Elliott, Callitris rhomboidea, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005389) (AM).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 6 km NW of Hat Head, near Kempsey, 31.08334°S 153.05°E, 5 m, 22 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Callitris rhomboidea, det. K.D. Hill 1996 NSW 395915, 27♂ (AMNH_PBI 00000003, 00000006, 00000008, 00000014, 00000016, 00000017, 00000025, 00000030, 00000035, 00000038, 00000040, 00000041, 00000042, 00000045, 00000047, 00000050, 00000055, 00000057, 00000059, 00000063, 00000066, 00000073, 00000077-00000079, 00000080, 00000083), 57♀ (AMNH_PBI 00000001, 00000002, 00000004, 00000005, 00000007, 00000009-00000013, 00000015, 00000018-00000024, 00000026-00000029, 00000031-00000034, 00000036, 00000037, 00000043, 00000044, 00000046, 00000048, 00000049, 00000051-00000054, 00000056, 00000058, 00000060-00000062, 00000064, 00000065, 00000067-00000072, 00000074-00000076, 00000081, 00000082, 00000084, 00000085) (AMNH). 12 km E of Tabulam, 1 kmN of Bruxner Hwy, W of Culmaran Ck Rd, 28.90217°S 152.6938°E, 183 m, 19 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris baileyi, det. Field ID, 25♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005407-00005431), 8♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00005432-00005439) (AM). Crescent Head, Loftus Rd, 31.17238°S 152.9684°E, 26 m, 18 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris rhomboidea, det. Field ID, 24♂ (UNSW_ENT 00027461-UNSW_ENT 00027484), 17♀ (UNSW_ENT 00027485-UNSW_ENT 00027501) (AM). Dorrigo National Park, 0.7 km down track off Slingbys Rd, 30.32558°S 152.8002°E, 658 m, 20 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris rhomboidea, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005343) (AM). Terrey Hills, McCarrs Ck Rd, 0.5 km N of Mona Vale Rd, 33.68343°S 151.2302°E, 217 m, 15 Mar 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris rhomboidea, det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005349), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005350-00005352) (AM). Wollemi National Park, Glowworm Tunnel Rd, 21 km N of Bungleboori Picnic Area, 33.26031°S 150.2181°E, 942 m, 05 Feb 2005, C. Symonds, Callitris rhomboidea, det. RBG Sydney, 14♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005353-00005363, 00005366-00005368), 11♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005369-00005378, 00005381) Callitris endlichen, det. C. Symonds, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005341), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005342) Callitris sp., 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005337, 00005339) (AM), Callitris rhomboidea, det. RBG Sydney, 2♂ (AMNH_ PBI 00005364, 00005365), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005379, 00005380) (UNSW). Woronora Dam Picnic Area, 34.11613°S 150.9347°E, 211 m, 21 Dec 2004, C. Symonds, R. Silveira, M. Elliott, Callitris rhomboidea, det. Field ID, 10♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005382, 00005383, 00005390-00005397), 8♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005398-00005405) (AM).

Other specimens examined: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 12 km E of Tabulam, 1 km N of Bruxner Hwy, W of Culmaran Ck Rd, 28.90217°S 152.6938°E, 183 m, 19 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris baileyi, det. Field ID, 1 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005406) (AM). Apple Tree Flat / Riverlea, 1.2 km along Riverlea Rd off Castlereagh Hwy, near Mudgee, 32.68958°S 149.72303°E, 519 m, 24 Nov 2008, C. Symonds & R. Hazali, Callitris endlicheri, det. Field ID, 4♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005762-00005765), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005766-00005769) (AM). Dorrigo National Park, 0.7 km down track off Slingbys Rd, 30.32558°S 152.8002°E, 658 m, 20 Jan 2005, C. Symonds, N. Tatarnic, Callitris rhomboidea, det. Field ID, 2 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005344, 00005345) (AM). Woronora Dam Picnic Area, 34.11613°S 150.9347°E, 211 m, 21 Dec 2004, C. Symonds, R. Silveira, M. Elliott, Callitris rhomboidea, det. Field ID, 5 juv. (AMNH_PBI 00005384-00005388) (AM).

Distribution: A widely distributed species in eastern New South Wales, predominantly from forests on the coast and ranges. Known from nine localities in eastern New South Wales, from the Sydney region, including the Blue Mountains (Woronora Dam, Terrey Hills, Wollemi National Park) to the northern coast (Hat Head and Crescent Head) and northern tablelands of New South Wales (Tabulum and Dorrigo) (map 5). Cooccurring with C. wollemi (table 2).

Remarks: Erysivena sydneyensis is most closely related to E. endlicheriphila, and the two share the following characters: three tergal processes on the dorsal margin of the pygophore; the enlarged right lateral process of the ventral phalloguide of the pygophore with smooth round margins lacking spines; general shape of the right paramere and its medial flange; an elongate medial process on the PES spicule; and an unbranched, narrow DES2 spicule. This species is distinguished from E. endlicheriphila by the following characters: medial and right pygophore dorsal processes equal length to the left lateral process (cf. figs. 73A, 56A); the small forkshaped apex of the DES1 spicule (cf. figs. 73G, 56F); the presence of a subapical threadlike process on the DES2 spicule (cf. figs. 73G, 56F); and a weakly curved and unexpanded apex of the right paramere (cf. figs. 73C, 56C).

Some morphological variation was observed between populations of E. sydneyensis, but this is continuous and includes: the presence or absence of spines on the medial flange of the right paramere; the position of the middle tergal process; the left tergal process on the genital opening varying from having a blunt to pointed apex; and the length of the PES spicule.

Type species: Ngullamiris whadjuk, n. sp., by original designation.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: moderately elongate body, moderately large eyes; male with relatively narrow pronotum; dorsum with moderately dense distribution of simple setae; forewing membrane without subcuneal clear spot, forewing membrane veins colored (fig. 12); genital segment and all components of male genitalia small in relation to rest of body, pygophore tapering posteriorly (fig. 77A); pygophore with strongly rounded convex ventral margin to genital opening and strongly rounded concave dorsal margin, lacking tergal processes (fig. 75H); phallotheca and aedeagus very small, situated cupped within pygophore opening and not extending beyond ventral margin of opening, within curved parameres at rest (figs. 75H, 76A, C, 77A); parameres situated along ventral margin of pygophore, cupping phallotheca and meeting medioventrally, extending only slightly beyond ventral pygophore margin (figs. 75H, 76B); ventral surface of pygophore with short spinelike setae (fig. 76B, D); left paramere modified L-shape, apophysis short (fig. 77B, C); right paramere club- or C-shaped (figs. 76A, 77D); phallotheca simple with sides retracted, membranous dorsal and apical margins (figs. 76C, 77E); aedeagus with three sclerotized endosomal spicules, dorsal to secondary gonopore (figs. 15, 77); proximal endosomal spicule (PES) left dorsolateral to secondary gonopore, unbranched, base broad, tapering to fine ribbonlike, downcurved apex, margins smooth (fig. 77F); second dorsal endosomal spicule (DES2) right dorsolateral to secondary gonopore, bifurcate, apex downcurved (fig. 77F); first dorsal endosomal spicule (DES1) dorsal to DES2, shorter than DES2 and PES (fig. 77F), with basal hook; female vestibulum membranous (fig. 78A); ventral labiate plate (VLP) with mesial surface sparsely spiniferous, without lateral lobes (fig. 78A); interramal sclerites (IRS) joined medially (fig. 78B).

Description: Male: Macropterous, body elongate, lateral margins parallel (fig. 12). COLORATION: Antennae monocolorous; wing membrane uniformly translucent brown, without subcuneal clear spot (fig. 12A). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum smooth, weakly polished, with moderately dense distribution of semierect simple setae, some more elongate and bristlelike on head and along lateral dorsal margins; antennae with dense distribution of moderately short simple setae; AI also with few (~3) elongate erect spinelike setae; pygophore, ventral surface proximate to genital opening with short, dark, spinelike setae (figs. 76B–D); femora with some longer, erect, spinelike setae; hind tibiae with several rows of minute dark spinulae; sparsely distributed tibial spines, light brown. STRUCTURE: Head weakly to moderately expanded anteriorly, eyes bulbous, extending from outline of head (figs. 75A–C); antennae with AI at least subequal to vertex width; pronotum trapezoidal, short, callosite region weakly defined, posterior margin slightly rounded (fig. 75C, D); hemelytra and legs elongate (fig. 12). GENITALIA: Pygophore: Transverse, narrowing considerably posteriorly; dorsal margin strongly concave, lacking tergal processes; ventral margin of genital opening convex, round; phalloguide round and extending just beyond ventral margin of opening, with small, round lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation, left paramere positioned along ventral margin of pygophore; right paramere mostly visible with only base hidden within pygophore; parameres visible slightly beyond ventral pygophore margin, meeting medially, cupping phallotheca; phallotheca and aedeagus small, situated within opening of pygophore and not extending beyond ventral margin of opening (figs. 75H, 76A–D, 77A). Left paramere: Modified L-shape; base short; sensory lobe round; apophysis weakly curved, broad, apex truncate (figs. 75H, 77B, C). Right paramere: Club shaped to C-shaped, sub ovate in lateral view; apex curved inward and round, mesiolateral surface excavate; subapical dorsal margin round, unexpanded (figs. 76A, 77D). Phallotheca: Simple; lightly sclerotized; golden color; opening large, distal to medial; apex round; lateral/dorsal and apical margins reduced and membranous (fig. 76A, 77E). Aedeagus: Three endosomal spicules, positioned dorsal to secondary gonopore; spicule arrangement (fig. 11): PES and DES2 wrapped sheathlike partially around secondary gonopore, PES left dorsolateral, DES2 right dorsolateral of secondary gonopore, DES1 removed from secondary gonopore and dorsad to DES2; base of PES and DES2 flattened and broad, base of DES1 narrow; all spicules originating adjacently proximate to base of secondary gonopore or DES2 and DES1 distad to PES; PES unbranched, narrow medially and then uniformly narrow to apex, apex curved downward, margins smooth; DES2 bifurcate, with branches curved downward; DES1 shorter than PES and DES2, with basal keel (fig. 77F).

Female: Almost identical to male; slight sexual dimorphism in smaller size, smaller eyes and shorter hemelytra, in particular cuneus and forewing membrane less elongate; pronotum more transverse and broad, not as elongate and narrow, and anterior margin also broad and not narrow as in male. GENITALIA: Vestibulum membranous (fig. 78A); ventral labiate plate lightly sclerotized, mesial surface sparsely spiniferous (fig. 78A), without any lateral lobes; dorsal labiate plate without mediolateral lobes (fig. 78A); sclerotized rings large, subovate, slightly constricted medially, anterior margin round, anterior surface lightly spiniferous (fig. 78A); posterior wall lightly sclerotized; medial region of posterior wall (fig. 78B) not visible; interramal sclerites (IRS) lightly sclerotized, deeply divided with V-shaped junction, and forming posterior margin of posterior wall, posterior margin membranous, with broad spiniferous lobes basally, just posterior to base of IRLs; IRS with one pair of lightly sclerotized interramal lobes (IRE), attached laterally to IRS with narrow base (fig. 78B).

Etymology: Ngulla means “our” in the language of the Noongar people, the traditional custodians and original inhabitants of the southwest of Western Australia, from which the genus is known, combined with the typical mirid generic name Miris. The gender is feminine.

Remarks: Ngullamiris is morphologically more removed from the other four callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini genera. While the other four genera have a relatively large pygophore and aedeagus in relation to body size, Ngullamiris has a small pygophore and aedeagus and in particular a cup-shaped convex ventral margin, within which the parameres and aedeagus are contained (fig. 76). The other four callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini genera have a large round genital opening, with a more or less straight ventral margin. The pygophore and aedeagus and most often the parameres too, extend beyond the margins of the genital opening in the other four genera (e.g., figs. 17A–C, 25C–D, 44A–B, 72A–B). Also in contrast to the other four genera, spinelike setae in Ngullamiris extend across the entire ventral pygophore surface (fig. 76B). Where present in other callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini genera, these ventral spinelike setae are situated proximal to genital opening and do not extend to the anterior of the pygophore (e.g., figs. 25A, 44A, 72A). The left paramere of Ngullamiris is a more modified L-shape in comparison to the other genera, with its linear shape, large and strongly recurved subapical hook and reduced apophysis (fig. 77B, C). In the aedeagus, the endosomal spicule orientation for Ngullamiris is similar to Avititerra and Naranjakotta, with PES left dorsolateral to the secondary gonopore (see fig. 11). See also remarks below for Ngullamiris whadjuk.

Diagnosis: Defined by the following characters: midsized, elongate body; large eyes; male with relatively narrow pronotum, narrow anterior pronotal margin; dorsum with moderately dense distribution of dark simple setae; bright yellow-green coloration; forewing membrane uniformly light brown, without subcuneal clear spot; forewing membrane veins bicolored, inner vein green, major membrane vein yellow, all color confined to veins; pygophore with spinelike setae covering entire ventral surface; phalloguide with small, round, very lightly sclerotized lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation; left paramere modified L-shape, sensory lobe unexpanded and round, apophysis weakly curved, uniformly broad, with flattened, serrate flange on dorsal margin subapically, and curved hooklike process on ventral margin subapically; right paramere club shaped to C-shaped, apex strongly curved inward and round, with few small serrations at apex and subapically, subapical dorsal margin unexpanded; aedeagus with PES and DES2 wrapped sheathlike partially around secondary gonopore, DES1 dorsad to DES2 with narrow tubular base; PES unbranched, medial half narrow with smooth margins, fine apex down curved; DES2 bifurcate in distal third with narrow downcurved branches and serrate comb proximal to bifurcation point; DES1 bifurcate medially, branches unequal in length and straight, basal keel (DESk) short; female IRE lightly sclerotized, bifurcate, sparsely spiniferous, with broad spiniferous lobes on IRS just posterior to base of IRL.

Description: Male: medium to moderately large size; body elongate, lateral margins parallel; body length 4.22–4.79 mm, pronotal width 1.07–1.16 mm. COLORATION: Dorsum bright yellow-green, including head and hemelytra, sometimes faded with more yellow on head, mesoscutum, and scutellum, and lateral margins of pronotum; antennae yellow green; wing membrane translucent light brown, color uniform; forewing membrane major vein yellow, corium green, color confined to veins; venter and legs pale (faded) yellow-green, tarsi darkened (fig. 12). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with moderately dense distribution of dark, almost black, semierect simple setae, some more elongate and bristlelike on head and along lateral dorsal margins; pygophore, ventral surface with short, dark, spinelike setae (fig. 76). STRUCTURE: Head: subovate in lateral view; weakly to moderately expanded anteriorly (fig. 75A, B); maxillary plate subovate, anterodorsal margin round and aligned with round anterodorsal margin of mandibular plate, clypeus prominent, round or slightly pointed in dorsal view, dorsal edge round in lateral view, eyes large, three-quarters height of head, exerted well beyond outline of head, extending well beyond anterolateral angle of pronotum (fig. 75A, B); antennae with AI subequal to vertex width, All 1.3× pronotal width, AIII 1.6× AIV, AIV sub-equal to AI; labium extending to mesocoxae. Pronotum: Trapezoidal, narrow; anterior margin narrow, straight; collar reduced to thin lip; callosite region undefined; lateral margins straight, strongly angled 45° to midline; humeral angles round; posterior margin straight to slightly convex (fig. 75C, D). Metathorax: Metathoracic spiracle elongate, narrow, tear shaped ventrally, with evaporative area spanning anterior margin and not expanded dorsally (fig. 75E); metathoracic scent gland with ostiole subovate, peritreme small, subovate, dorsal to ostiole, evaporative area with elongate evaporative bodies (fig. 75E, F). Hemelytra: Elongate, extending well beyond posterior of abdomen, abdomen extending to cuneal fracture or only slightly beyond; lateral margins parallel; cuneus elongate, narrow; major cell of membrane elongate, major membrane vein straight and parallel to inner margin of cuneus (fig. 12). Legs: Elongate, femora slightly flattened, very weakly incrassate; pretarsus with moderately long claws, pulvilli moderately sized, fleshy parempodia broad, apically convergent, and incurved (fig. 75G). GENITALIA: Pygophore: As in generic description; with medial groove on ventral surface anteriorly; retracted ventral margin at right paramere articulation point; phalloguide round and extending just beyond ventral margin of opening, with small, round, very lightly sclerotized lobe ventrad to right paramere articulation, lobe with rough, but not serrate, surface (figs. 75H, 76A–D, 77A). Left paramere: Modified L-shape; base very short; sensory lobe unexpanded, round; apophysis short, weakly curved, only very weakly at angle to sensory lobe, uniformly broad, with flattened flange on dorsal margin subapically, margin of flange serrate, and curved hooklike process on ventral margin sub-apically; apex truncate, round with minute spinelike serrations on inner surface; simple setae present on sensory lobe and outer surface (figs. 75H, 76A–C, 77B, C). Right paramere: Between club shaped and C-shaped, subovate in lateral view; apex strongly curved inward and round, with few small serrations at tip; mesiolateral surface weakly excavate; subapical dorsal margin round, unexpanded, with few small spinelike serrations on inner side of margin; simple setae present on outer subapical dorsal surface (figs. 75H, 76A–D, 77D). Phallotheca: As in generic description (figs. 75H, 76A, C, 77E). Aedeagus: Spicule arrangement (fig. 77): PES and DES2 wrapped sheathlike partially around secondary gonopore, PES left dorsolateral and DES dorsad of secondary gonopore, DES1 removed from secondary gonopore and dorsad to DES2; base of PES and DES2 flattened and broad, base of DES1 narrow; PES originating at base of secondary gonopore, DES2 and DES1 originating distad to base of PES; PES unbranched, narrow medially and then uniformly narrow to apex, apex curved downward, margins smooth; DES2 bifurcate in distal third, constricted at bifurcation point, with both branches curved downward, uniformly narrow, unequal in length and with serrate apical margins; margin of DES2 before bifurcation point with short row of prominent spinelike serrations; DES1 bifurcate medially, branches unequal in length and straight (uncurved), ventral branch smooth and short, dorsal branch longer with serrate apical margin, with short basal keel (DESk) (fig. 77F).

Female: As in generic description, significantly smaller in size to male, 0.8× length of male on average; body length 3.69–3.85 mm, pronotal width 1.10–1.17 mm. GENITALIA: IRS with broad spiniferous lobes basally, just posterior to base of IRL (fig. 78B); IRL lightly sclerotized, divided medially with inner branch shorter than outer branch, apical surface sparsely spiniferous (fig. 78B).

Etymology: Named for the type locality, after the Whadjuk or Wajuk language group of Noongar people who are the original inhabitants and traditional owners of the Perth region. Noun in apposition.

Host plants: Known from Callitris preissii on the coast and Callitris glaucophylla inland (table 2).

Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Mosman Park, Perth, trail b/w Minum Cove Park and Chidley Point Reserve, 32.01573°S 115.7626°E, 15 m, 01 Aug 2005–03 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620101, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005482) (WAMP).

Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Charles Darwin Reserve, track to Seven Mile Well, N of Wanarra Rd, 29.52483°S 117.01675°E, 265 m, 24 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Callitris columellaris, det. WA Herbarium, 2♂ (AMNH_PBI 00404851, 00404852), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00404853) (UNSW). Lochada, Kelly Well, 29.08191°S 116.58677°E, 281 m, 17 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Callitris columellaris, det. WA Herbarium, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00404846), 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00404850) (AM), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00404845), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00404847-00404849) (UNSW), 5♂ (AMNH_PBI 00030435-00030439), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00030440-00030444) (WAMP). Lochada, Steves track, 29.23719°S 116.54694°E, 253 m, 20 Sep 2009, C. Symonds, Callitris columellaris, det. WA Herbarium, 1 (UNSW_ENT 00002936), 1♀ (UNSW_ENT 00002937) (AMNH), 2♀ (UNSW_ENT 00002938, UNSW_ENT 00002939) (UNSW). Mosman Park, Perth, trail b/w Minum Cove Park and Chidley Point Reserve, 32.01573°S 115.7626°E, 15 m, 01 Aug 2005–03 Aug 2005, G. Cassis, Callitris preissii, det. WA Herbarium PERTH 07620101, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00005476), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00005484) (AM).

Distribution: Known from southwestern Western Australia, one locality on the coast at Mosman Park in Perth, and three proximate localities in the Avon Wheatbelt region (map 6). Cooccurring with E. notodytika on Callitris preissii in Perth and B. hochuli at all three inland localities on Callitris glaucophylla (table 2).

Remarks: Ngullamiris whadjuk is distinguished externally from other callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini species that are midsized and without contrasting wing membrane coloration, by the bright yellow-green dorsal coloration, the lack of a clear spot below the cuneus in the hemelytral membrane (cf. Callitricola species with subcuneal clear spot) (cf. fig. 12A, B). It is easily distinguished from other callitroid-inhabiting species of similar size and coloration that lack the membrane clear spot, by the presence of only simple setae on the dorsum (cf. Avititerra species with both simple and scalelike setae).

The male genitalia of N. whadjuk is distinctive from all other callitroid-inhabiting Orthotylini species, and in particular, the modified apophysis with an expanded flange and subapical, strongly recurved hook on the left paramere; and the small aedeagus, which does not protrude from the pygophore. Also, the ventral margin of the pygophore is strongly tapered, with the parameres articulated lower on the margins than in all other genera in this work (all have a larger and rounder genital opening and the parameres are articulated more submedially on the genital opening).