Antrodia variiformis, a species originally described from the USA, has been reported from a few localities in southern Europe, including Slovak Republic, Croatia, and southern France. The identity of these collections was questioned and both morphological and molecular data showed that it represents a distinct undescribed species. It is described as Antrodia kmetii and compared to related species such as A. variiformis and A. serialis.

Amanita inopinata is an intriguing species, which appeared in Europe in 1976 and propagates there slowly since then. Within the genus Amanita, it belongs to a small group of species which are very original, a.o. because they are not mycorrhizal, and which would be situated at the base of the genus phylogeny. This study presents an update on the ecology, the phenology and the distribution of A. inopinata. Its ecology, very often situated in artificial and more or less ruderalized biotopes, suggests that it is not native to Europe, and maybe not to New Zealand either, where it has also been observed. A detailed study of its progression in Europe shows that its distribution area increases either by local expansion (< 30 km) or by “big jumps” (50–300 km) and that wind would be the main vector for the latter. The expansion of A. inopinata in Europe tends to accelerate over time and we can thus consider it as an invasive species. Nevertheless, as it remains a rare species everywhere, that colonizes mainly artificial biotopes, its impact on the local mycoflora remains insignificant.

A new mangrove fungus collected in Tioman Island, Malaysia, is morphologically similar to marine species of Saccardoella. It also phylogenetically groups with Saccardoella rhizophorae in the Dothideomycetes, based on combined analysis of partial SSU, LSU rRNA and TEF1 gene sequences. The new fungus and S. rhizophorae form a well-supported clade with Acrospermum spp. in the Acrospermaceae. Both species therefore do not belong in Saccardoella, a genus with unitunicate asci. A new genus, Dyfrolomyces, is established to accommodate the new fungus (Dyfrolomyces tiomanensis) while the three marine Saccardoella species (S. mangrovei, S. marinospora, S. rhizophorae) are transferred to the new genus. Dyfrolomyces is characterized by forming a clypeus on substrates, with immersed perithecial ascomata, bitunicate/fissitunicate asci and multi-septate ascospores with/without a sheath. Since D. rhizophorae and D. tiomanensis do not cluster with any known families in the Dothideomycetes, a new family, Dyfrolomycetaceae, is introduced to accommodate the Dyfrolomyces species.

Gliocladiopsis guangdongensis sp. nov. is introduced on the basis of both morphological and on multilocus phylogenetic analysis (β-tubulin, histone H3, internal transcribed spacer region and translation elongation factor 1-α). The species is compared to other morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related taxa. Species of Gliocladiopsis are mostly known from soil and terrestrial plants whereas this new species is the first isolation from decaying wood from freshwater habitat.

A preliminary study on freshwater fungi in a stream in the Brazilian semi-arid region was performed. Samples of submerged plant debris were randomly collected every three months from 2007 to 2009 in a small stream surrounded by riparian vegetation in the “Serra da Jibóia” Bahia state. We described and illustrated two new species of hyphomycetes, Dactylaria saccardoana and Quadracaea stauroconidia, and reported one hundred and fifty-one taxa that consist of both meiosporic and mitosporic fungi.

Detailed microscopical observations on four type specimens of Russula subsect. Lactarioideae from North America are presented and illustrated. As the result of our analyses, all four species are accepted as good species in Lactarioideae, although sometimes with slightly modified concept. R. brevipes is recognized by the rather short and often inflated cells in the pileipellis, large spores with spiny, subreticulate ornamentation and the distinctly amyloid suprahilar spot. Whether or not the European R. chloroides is a later synonym remains to be examined. R. inopina is characterized by filiform, flexuous-undulate terminal cells in the pileipellis, as well as on the gill edge, and it lacks shorter, mucronate pileocystidia. R. romagnesiana, originally described to replace the invalidly published, European R. chloroides var. parvispora, is here considered to be quite different from this European taxon and is accepted as distinct, native American species characterized by having equally small spores, frequently bicapitate pileocystidia near the pileus center as well as hyphal terminations with a glutinous sheath, but lacking distinct incrustations. R. vesicatoria is defined as a species of sandy Pinus stands with crowded gills, large and clavate, obtuse to capitate, often thick-walled pileocystidia, very long and slender hyphal extremities and spores with an inamyloid suprahilar spot. A tentative key to all North American Lactarioideae introduces objective microscopic features for the identification of all recognized species in this group.

Corynesporopsis curvularioides sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens collected on dead branches in Guangxi Province. The fungus is characterized by its terminal, monotretic conidiogenous cells with catenate, obclavate to ellipsoidal, pale brown to brown, 15–35 × 7–11 µm, 1–5-euseptate conidia. Brachysporiellina pulneyensis, Catenularia cubensis and Kylindria excentrica are newly recorded from China.