The role of the light-emitting diode (LED) modified light traps in the attraction of biting midges was evaluated in Northeastern Maranhão, Brazil. The modified traps held a 5 mm high-brightness LED bulb, one in the green (520 nm) and other in the blue (470 nm) region of the visible spectrum. The incandescent bulb was used as control. From a total of 2,764 specimens, the most frequent species were Culicoides lutzi Costa Lima (58.54%), C. paucienfuscatus Barbosa (27.30%), C. duartei Tavares and Luna Dias (4.74%) and C. insignis Lutz (4.63%). The green light source accounted for 53.87% of the sampled individuals, followed by incandescent (34.95%) and blue lights (11.18%), but these differences were not statistically significant. The differences found among the species' responses demonstrate that variances in species-specific LED attractiveness exist and the results must be individually evaluated. Even without statistical differences, it is suggested to use LEDs as an alternative for the Culicoides collections because of important advantages compared to incandescent lamps.

The genus Habenaria is one of the largest orchid genera, and although it has a broad distribution, its main centers of diversity are in Brazil, eastern Asia, and central and southern Africa. Despite its diversity, little is known about the pollinators of this genus, but the few published reports to date indicate that Habenaria sp. are mainly pollinated by moths. Here we report that the diurnal skipper Pelopidas mathias can act as a pollinator for the population of Habenaria radiata in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Previous reports have shown that another diurnal skipper, Parnara guttata, is one of the pollinators of H. radiata in Fukuoka Prefecture. The observation that two butterflies from the family Hesperiidae transfer pollinia for populations of H. radiata separated by approximately 600 km provides strong evidence that H. radiata utilizes diurnal skippers as one of its main pollinators.

In this research, the estimation of adult and nymph stages and adult of Aphis fabae was investigated using artificial neural network. Determining A. fabae nymph stages is difficult. Morphometric study of different parts of an insect's body is needed to obtain an index to distinguish between different immature stages. The study was aimed to develop a model of A. fabae nymph stages and adult using length of hind tibia, antenna and body length. It was found that the constructed artificial neural network (ANN) exhibited high performance for predicting A. fabae nymph stages. Correlation was 99% and the estimation of the best ANN model was determined to be 0.016289 at epoch 18. Software computing techniques are very useful tools for precision agriculture and also determining which method gives the most accurate result.

The invasive species Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is reported from the United States. The first specimens of Lycorma delicatula were collected in Berks County, Pennsylvania, USA in September 2014. The species' North American history of distribution, pest implications, and brief observations on their biology in the New World are reviewed.

Two species of the genus Vestiferum Martens, 2006 were found in Turkey. One of them, V. funebre (Redikortsev, 1936) is found in Turkey for the first time. The other species V. alatum Martens, 2006 is recorded from a new locality in Turkey. Both species were collected from the northern part of Turkey. Their descriptions, characteristic features, distributions and digital and SEM photographs are presented.

Deinodryinus sausai sp. nov. from India, Arunachal Pradesh, is described. The habitus and male genitalia are illustrated and compared with related species, Deinodryinus whartoni Olmi and D. nanchangensis Xu and He. Keys to the Oriental species of Deinodryinus are modified to include the new species.

In this study, 4 genera and 11 species of Pyralidae are identified for the first time as members of the Turkish fauna. Turkey is only the second country in which 7 of these 11 species are recorded. With this study, the number of pyralid species reaches 647 and the number of genera reaches 235.

Three new country records of scarabaeoid beetles from Pakistan are reported for the first time based upon recent collecting: Dorcus curvidens Hope (Lucanidae: Dorcinae), Heteronychus annulatus Bates (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), and Rhomborrhina microcephala Westwood (Scarbaeidae: Cetoniinae).

Descriptions and illustrations of Ceresa atlantica sp. nov. are presented. This new species is closely related to C. fasciatithorax Remes-Lenicov, 1973, and it has been found causing damage to soy culture in the Brazilian Northeast.

During field work carried out in 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2011, larvae of the genus Ithytrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) were identified as part of a benthic macroinvertebrate survey. Specimens of Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton, 1873 were collected from independent localities in four rivers of Eastern and Central Serbia, namely the Black Timok, Mlava, Morava, and Western Morava. For the fauna of Serbia, three species within the family Hydroptililae were known up to now: Hydroptila vectis, Hydroptila sparsa, and Agraylea multipunctata. This is the first record of Ithytrichia larvae in watercourses of Serbia (Danube basin). Analysis of the environmental data indicates that I. lamellaris is a typical eurythermic species which inhabits slightly alkaline waters rich in dissolved oxygen, with a moderate organic load and abundant aquatic vegetation.

The scarab beetle Dyscinetus laevipunctatus Bates, 1888 (Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) is recorded for the first time in an aquatic habitat. Specimens of D. laevipunctatus were found submerged in association with water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.), at several localities in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. These findings indicate that Dyscinetus spp. may be a broader facultatively aquatic group of species than previously realized by aquatic entomologists.

Only a single species of Cluzobra, a principally Neotropical genus of fungus gnats, has been described from North America. A new species, Cluzobra demayi with distinct male terminalia is described from the Florida Keys. Vockeroth (1981) indicates the presence of an undescribed specimen from Louisiana.