Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a common pest in soybeans in China. Though the pest has been studied extensively for many yr, there is little information regarding life history traits of A. glycines autumnal morphs on buckthorn in autumn. Life tables were constructed of A. glycines gynoparae, males, and oviparae reared at 13, 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C with a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L:D). Our results showed that gynoparae nymphs of A. glycines could survive well at temperatures from 13 to 33 °C, but male and oviparae nymphs could not develop into adults at 33 °C. Development time of nymphal gynoparae, males, and oviparae all gradually decreased when temperatures increased from 13 to 28 °C. Adult longevity of gynoparae and virgin males also decreased gradually when temperatures increased from 13 to 28 °C. Fecundity of A. glycines gynoparae was the greatest at 23 °C, with a value of 15.87 ± 0.33 oviparae per gynoparae. Males and oviparae of A. glycines mated only at 13 and 18 °C in the laboratory. Oviparae fecundity at 18 °C was greater than at 13 °C. This study provides important information on survival, development, and reproduction of A. glycines autumnal morphs, which is useful for understanding the population dynamics and life cycle of A. glycines in autumn, and to study the ecological adaptability of A. glycines in autumn.