The new genus Pridgeonia, and eight new orchid species in the genera Benzingia, Daiotyla, Dichaea, Ixyophora, and Pridgeonia, all belonging to the subtribe Zygopetalinae, are described. Complete descriptions, with notes on etymology, habitat, and ecology, and discussion of phylogenetic affinities, are provided for each new taxon, supplemented with line drawings, photographs, digital composite plates, and distribution maps. New combinations and synonyms are proposed in the genera Aetheorhyncha, Benzingia, Dichaea, and Ixyophora. Dichaea dressleri and Kefersteinia alata are recorded and illustrated for the first time for the flora of Costa Rica. Keys for the genus Benzingia and the Costa Rican species of Dichaea are proposed.