Otte, V., Yakovchenko, L., Clerc, P. & Westberg, M. 2013. Candelariella commutata sp. nov. for C. unilocularis auct. medioeur. — an arctic-alpine lichen on calcareous substrata from the Caucasus and Europe. - Herzogia 26: 217–222.

A new Candelariella species is described and reported from the Caucasus, the Alps, Scandinavia and Novaya Zemlya. It grows on calcareous ground and partly comprises what has earlier been named C. unilocularis.

Lücking, R., Breuss, O., Nelsen, M. P., Navarro, E., Aptroot, A., Chaves, J. L., Trest, M. & Will-Wolf, S. 2013. Porina squamulifera (lichenized Ascomycota: Porinaceae), a new species from tropical rainforest in Costa Rica with unique thallus morphology. — Herzogia 26: 223–230.

The new lichenized fungal species Porina squamulifera is described. It differs from all other species of Porinaceae in the phyllidiate-squamulose thallus. The species is only known from rainforest in southwest and east Costa Rica. The unusual thallus is considered an adaptation to growth under low light and high humidity conditions on tree trunks in the shady rainforest understory.

Kukwa, M., Schiefelbein, U. & Flakus, A. 2013. A contribution to the lichen family Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) of Bolivia. - Herzogia 26: 231–252.

Carbacanthogr aphis violaceospora Kukwa & Flakus, Graphis boliviana Kukwa & Flakus and G. seawardii Flakus & Kukwa are described as new to science from Bolivia. In addition 56 corticolous and muscicolous species of Graphidaceae are reported for the first time from Bolivia, of which four, Graphis pinicola, G. urandrae, Phaeographis dendroides and P. quadrifera, are new to South America, and six, Graphis argentata, G. litoralis, G. nudaeformis, G. pittieri, G. subflexibilis and Phaeographis delicatula, are new to the Southern Hemisphere. Notes on the chemistry, habitat and general distribution are provided, with taxonomic remarks provided for some species.

Malíček, J. & Palice, Z. 2013. Lichens of the virgin forest reserve Žofínský prales (Czech Republic) and surrounding woodlands. — Herzogia 26: 253–292.

Žofín virgin forest in the Novohradské hory Mts is one of the most valuable woodland localities in the Czech Republic. This old reserve covering 102 ha is dominated by beeches, spruces, and silver firs. We have explored the nature reserve (its virgin forest including the protection zone) as well as managed forests and avenues in the surrounding area. Žofínský prales nature reserve is currently the area with the highest diversity of epiphytic and epixylic lichens in the Czech Republic. In total, 312 lichenized, 14 lichen-allied and 11 lichenicolous fungi species were recorded in a broad area of Zofin woodland region. 267 species altogether were recorded from the reserve, including three recently published taxa not confirmed by us. Fifteen lichenized fungi (Arthonia excipienda, Biatora ligni-mollis, Candelariella xanthostigmoides, Cliostomum leprosum, Fellhanera gyrophorica, Fuscidea pusilla, Lecania croatica, Lecanora thysanophora, Lecidella subviridis, Micarea parva, Mycobilimbia pilularis, Opegrapha trochodes, Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella, Rinodina degeliana and R. excrescens) and two lichen-allied fungi often associated with algae (Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops and Peridiothelia filiguncta) are reported for the first time from the Czech Republic. Several suboceanic species, and many rare and critically endangered lichens regarded sometimes as old-growth indicator species, have been recorded. Macrolichens are relatively rare in the reserve in comparison to similar habitats in the neighbouring Šumava Mts. The reserve serves as an important source of diaspores for surrounding woodlands. Several rare lichens appear to have spread from the virgin forest into the surrounding “old” forests (which are more or less extensively managed). Fortysix interesting, rare or poorly known lichenized and lichen-allied taxa are discussed in more detail, sometimes amended with additional records from other regions of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Five species are new for Slovakia (Agonimia flabelliformis, Biatora albohyalina, B. mendax, Lecidella subviridis and Rinodina degeliana).

Vondrák, J. & Liška, J. 2013. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Retezat Mts and overlooked records for the checklist of Romanian lichens. — Herzogia 26: 293–305.

Records of 223 taxa of lichens, lichenicolous fungi and non-lichenized but lichen-like fungi are reported from the Retezat Mts, south-western Romania. The list includes 44 taxa new to Romania: Absconditella pauxilla, Acarospora heppii, Agonimia gelatinosa, Agonimia tristicula, Anaptychia bryorum, Arthrorhaphis grisea, Bacidia illudens, Biatoridium monasteriense, Buellia uberior, Caloplaca arenaria, C. cerinelloides, C. chrysodeta, C. magni-filii, C. saxifragarum, C. tiroliensis, C. velana var. schaereri, C. xanthostigmoidea, Candelariella aggregata s. l., C. antennaria, Chaenotheca xyloxena, Dacampia hookeri, Dactylospora urceolata, Epilichen scabrosus, Fellhanera subtilis, Frutidella pullata, Gyalecta geoica, Illosporium carneum, Lecanora cavicola, Leptogium teretiusculum, Lichenoconium lecanorae, Lichenomphalia umbellifera, Macentina abscondita, Micarea botryoides, Mniacea nivea, Phaeorrhiza nimbosa, Porina arnoldii, Protoblastenia terricola, Protoparmelia atriseda, Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella, Psorinia conglomerata, Rhagadostoma lichenicola, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, Sarea resinae, and Sphaerellothecium minutum. Stigmidium aff. cerinae, lichenicolous on Lecanora epibryon, is possibly an undescribed species. Taxonomic comments to identities of our samples are made for Caloplaca xanthostigmoidea, Candelariella cf. aggregata, C. antennaria and C. plumbea. In a second part of our paper, we provide additions to the checklist of Romanian lichens from the literature, listing species which lack in both the Catalogue of Lichens in Romania by Ciurchea and Feuerer's lichen checklist of Romania.

Lindblom, L. & Søchting, U. 2013. Genetic diversity of the photobiont of the bipolar lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthomendoza borealis. - Herzogia 26: 307–322.

The objective of this study was to analyse the genetic diversity in the symbiotic partner (photobiont) of the bipolar lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthomendoza borealis. We also examined whether the mycobiont's photobiont choice could shed light on the origin of the bipolar geographic distribution. Twenty-seven new sequences of the partial ITS1 - 5.8S - partial ITS2 (ITS) of the photobiont of X. borealis were analysed. The molecular marker identifies the photobiont as the unicellular green alga Trebouxia. A total of 18 haplotypes were recovered. Genetic diversity and haplotype richness levels of the photobiont are lower in Antarctica than in regions of the northern hemisphere. Xanthomendoza borealis has the ability to use algae from at least three phylogenetic lineages of the genus Trebouxia as photobiont, that is, expresses low selectivity. The ‘photobiont-pool’ seems to be shared with several other lichen-forming ascomycetes, for example, species of Cetraria, Flavocetraria, Lecidea and Rinodina. This supports the hypothesis that lichen-forming fungi especially in harsh climates have a strategy of low selectivity.

Zhurbenko, M. P. & Brackel, W. v. 2013. Checklist of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of Svalbard, including new species, new records and revisions. – Herzogia 26: 323–359.

Hainesia bryonorae Zhurb. (on Bryonora castanea), Lichenochora caloplacae Zhurb. (on Caloplaca species), Sphaerellothecium epilecanora Zhurb. (on Lecanora epibryon), and Trimmatostroma cetrariae Brackel (on Cetraria islandica) are described as new to science. Forty four species of lichenicolous fungi (Arthonia apotheciorum, A. aspiciliae, A. epiphyscia, A. molendoi, A. pannariae, A. peltigerina, Cercidospora ochrolechiae, C. trypetheliza, C. verrucosaria, Dacampia engeliana, Dactylospora aeruginosa, D. frigida, Endococcus fusiger, E. sendtneri, Epibryon conductrix, Epilichen glauconigellus, Lichenochora coppinsii, L. weillii, Lichenopeltella peltigericola, L. santessonii, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, L. maureri, Llimoniella vinosa, Merismatium decolorans, M. heterophractum, Muellerella atricola, M. erratica, Pronectria erythrinella, Protothelenella croceae, Skyttella mulleri, Sphaerellothecium parmeliae, Sphaeropezia santessonii, S. thamnoliae, Stigmidium cladoniicola, S. collematis, S. frigidum, S. leucophlebiae, S. mycobilimbiae, S. pseudopeltideae, Taeniolella pertusariicola, Tremella cetrariicola, Xenonectriella lutescens, X. ornamentata, and Zwackhiomyces berengerianus) and six species of lichens (Agonimia globulifera, Carbonea assimilis, Lecidella anomaloides, Steinia geophana, Tetramelas phaeophysciae, and Thelocarpon impressellum) are newly reported from Svalbard. Endococcus sendtneri is also new to the Arctic. Thus, 136 species of lichenicolous fungi and 42 species of lichens occurring on other lichens are known from the archipelago, which makes it one of the best studied areas in the Arctic regarding lichenicolous mycobiota. Eight species of lichenicolous fungi or lichens are reported on new host genera, and seven species on new host species.

Döbbeler, P. & Hertel, H. 2013. Bryophilous ascomycetes everywhere: Distribution maps of selected species on liverworts, mosses and Polytrichaceae. — Herzogia 26: 361–404.

The biogeographical distributions of 21 selected species of ascomata-forming fungi that grow obligately on bryophyte gametophytes have been compiled and are presented as 27 dot maps. The maps are based on more than 1370 records, combing all hitherto published records (more than 970) with nearly 400 additional ones, cited here for the first time. Examples are given for European, holarctic, neotropical, tropical Afro-American, pantropical, Australasian, australsubantarctic, bipolar, nearly cosmopolitan, and endemic distribution patterns. Ten maps are devoted to nine fungal species found on foliose hepatics (Bryocentria brongniartii, Calonectria frullaniae, Dactylospora heimerlii, Epibryon deceptor, E. filiforme, E. pedinophylli, Octosporella jungermanniarum, Stenocybe nitida, Ticonectria perianthii), two maps refer to a species found on pleurocarpous mosses (Acrospermum adeanum), and 15 maps show the distributions of eleven taxa found on Polytrichaceae (Bryochiton perpusillus, Biyonectria phyllogena, Bryorella cryptocarpa, Dawsophila callichroma, D. polycarpa, Epibryon elegantissimum, E. pogonati-urnigeri, Hymenoscyphus erythropus, Lizonia sexangularis, Potridiscus polymoiphus, Potriphila navicularis). Host species are represented by liverworts (18 species), Polytrichaceae (29 species), and a few pleurocarpous mosses. Several new fungus-host relationships are revealed. Particular emphasis is placed on the multitude of systematically and biologically diverse groups to which these parasites belong. Sixteen genera from seven classes of Ascomycota are represented. Biological diversity is reflected in the varying degrees of host specificity, biotrophic or necrotrophic parasitism, and the colonization of distinct microniches (e.g. perianths of epiphyllous liverworts, interlamellar leaf spaces or male antheridial cups in Polytrichaceae). Some parasites are so common that screening potential host collections is a rewarding method of discovery. Other taxa are so rare that their observation was accidental and fortuitous, even in well-studied host groups. Bryochiton perpusillus and Epibryon pogonati-urnigeri, both occurring on a variety of Polytrichaceae, are the most well-documented species, with 234 and 236 records respectively. As it is typical of most obligate parasites such as the lichenicolous fungi, bryophilous ascomycetes tend to occur within the wider distribution ranges of their hosts. There are only a few examples of species whose distributions seem to be restricted to only a part of the area occupied by their hosts. Calonectria frullaniae, Potridiscus polymorphus, and Ticonectria perianthii are three such exceptions. The maps verify the hitherto largely ignored fact that many ascomycetes are widespread, and are regularly associated with bryophytes.

Hofmann, H. 2013. The Swiss bryophyte collection of Paul Frédéric Culmann (1860–1936) in Zurich. — Herzogia 26: 405–416.

The Swiss bryophyte collection of Paul Culmann in the herbarium Zurich (acronym: Z) has been digitalised and the data are now stored in a relational database. The collection contains 12,536 specimens with detailed information on locality, altitude, collecting date, and ecology. The specimens were collected between 1876 and 1923. They belong to 756 taxa, which is 69% of the taxa known today from Switzerland. From a systematic point of view they well represent the Swiss bryophyte flora, as nearly all families are covered and there is no bias on either liverworts or mosses. Geographically, the data are less even distributed, because Paul Culmann collected preferentially in two regions: the canton of Zurich and the “Berner Oberland” (southern, alpine part of the canton of Bern). Therefore, many of his specimens are from higher altitudes, whereas lower regions are underrepresented. Despite the uneven geographical distribution, the data are a most valuable source for analysis of changes in the bryophyte flora of Switzerland.

Breuss, O. 2013. New records of lichens from France. — Herzogia 26: 417–422.

13 lichen species (Biatora flavopunctata, Buellia arborea, Clavascidium imitans, Lecanora juniperina, L. valesiaca, Lobothallia praeradiosa, Peltigera monticola, Placidiopsis tiroliensis, Verrucaria asperula, V. dinarica, V. finitima, V. poeltii, and V. praerupta) collected in the western Alps are first records for France; two of these (Clavascidium imitans, Lecanora juniperina) are reported for the first time for Europe. Short notes on characteristics, ecology and distribution of the species are provided.

Windisch, U. & Menzel, M. 2013. Software for determining the surface area of epiphytes. — Herzogia 26: 423–427.

Longterm monitoring of epiphytes uses the film method adopting a recommendation of the VDI-guideline 3957 Part 8. In the field the outer contours of individual thalli are traced on a transparency film. The film is digitalized by scanning and prepared for calculation of the surface areas of lichens and bryophytes. A newly developed software is introduced. Based on an example the steps of evaluation are shown. There is a listing of the functions that are new compared to a previous evaluation software.