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1 September 2012 Ingluviotomy Tube Placement for Lead-induced Crop Stasis in the California Condor ( Gymnogyps californianus)
Roberto F. Aguilar, Jill N. Yoshicedo, Chris N. Parish
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Six free-flying California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) were diagnosed with acute lead toxicosis that caused crop distension and stasis. Between January 2006 and January 2007, the birds were referred to the Phoenix Zoo in Arizona for emergency treatment. In 5 birds, an ingluviotomy was performed to place a feeding tube from the crop to the proventriculus, which allowed a temporary bypass of the dysfunctional esophagus until normal function and motility were regained. A crop-support pressure bandage was placed in 4 birds to improve crop emptying into the proventriculus and to prevent crop distension. Although chelation therapy is the gold standard treatment for lead toxicosis, severe cases of lead-induced crop stasis are not acutely reversible with pharmaceuticals. In these condors, placement of a feeding tube was deemed prudent to ensure a viable enteric route of nutritional support during the standard treatment and recovery period in acute lead toxicosis with crop stasis.

Roberto F. Aguilar, Jill N. Yoshicedo, and Chris N. Parish "Ingluviotomy Tube Placement for Lead-induced Crop Stasis in the California Condor ( Gymnogyps californianus)," Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 26(3), 176-181, (1 September 2012). https://doi.org/10.1647/2010-029R2.1
Published: 1 September 2012
KEYWORDS
Avian
California condor
crop stasis
feeding tube
Gymnogyps californianus
ingluviotomy
lead poisoning
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