Lonard, R.I.; Judd, F.W., and Stalter, R., 2015. The biological flora of coastal dunes and wetlands: Solidago sempervirens L. and Solidago sempervirens L. subsp. mexicana (L.) Semple.

Solidago sempervirens L. and Solidago sempervirens L. subsp. mexicana (L.) Semple are New World humid continental, temperate, subtropical, and tropical maritime taxa. Both taxa are long-lived perennials that occur in wet mineral sands and clay soils. Reproduction is primarily vegetative in stable sites. However, achene/seed production is prolific, and seed viability is high in either stable or disturbed sites. Also known as seaside goldenrod, both taxa occur in conditions ranging from freshwater to salinity conditions of 40 parts per thousand. Seeds and seedlings do not tolerate excessive burial, but high levels of sand deposition are associated with plant vigor in mature clones. Optimal growth for both taxa occurs in habitats with increasing distance from the water table.