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This paper establishes a complete virtual reality based 3D digital factory, to improve the production and training efficiencies and reduce labour intensity. First, the 3D interactive modes in virtual reality scenes are designed, especially those in roam and device operation in detail. Then, the real-time rendering problem of large-scale scenes in digital factories is solved from the aspects of model optimization and dynamic preloading and undoing of models. Finally, the automatic semantic annotation algorithm of 3D models is proposed by using deep learning methods and Internet images, which improves the development efficiency. The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of application of virtual reality technologies in digital factories.