Lasioderma serricorne (F.) is a serious pest of stored products that is known to be resistant to the fumigant pesticide gas phosphine. This study investigated resistance in populations from the southeastern United States, and determined if a recommended treatment schedule could kill resistant insects. A laboratory assay for adult insects was developed that used a discriminating concentration of 50 ppm phosphine applied to insects for 20 h at 25°C followed by 7 d of recovery in air. Survivors were classified as resistant. L. serricorne from six different field populations associated with stored tobacco were surveyed with the assay and all had resistant individuals. Four populations had greater than 90% of their insects resistant. Two industry-recommended treatment schedules were evaluated in laboratory fumigations against mixed life stage cultures of the four most resistant populations: the first at 200 ppm for 4 d at 25°C for controlling phosphine-susceptible L. serricorne and the second at 600 ppm for 6 d at 25°C intended to control phosphine-resistant beetles. The four populations with the highest frequency of resistant individuals from the field sampling study were not controlled by the “normal” treatment intended for susceptible insects. The higher concentration treatment greatly reduced beetle progeny from mixedstage colony jars, but there were substantial numbers of surviving adults from all four highly resistant populations that represented unacceptable levels of control.