Field surveys were conducted in 2007 - 2009 to determine the diversity of mosquito species occurring in Shandong Province, China. As a result, 31 species of mosquitoes were identified. Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett was the most common species collected. Aedes albopictus Skuse, Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles also were commonly collected. These 4 species have been documented as the vectors of malaria, dengue, and epidemic encephalitis in China. At least 10 species identified are disease vectors in Shandong Province, and other species could be considered potential vectors of other diseases. Mosquito larvae were routinely collected from natural and artificial structures containing water. The diversity of these water-filled containers might explain the cooccurrence of various culicid species in some localities surveyed. The ecology and breeding behavior of these mosquito species should be further studied to optimize surveillance and management programs and to prevent the emergence of mosquito-transmitted diseases in human and other animal populations in the area.