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1 January 2016 Seasonality and Distribution of Immature Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mississippi, USA: A Review and New Records
José Santos Portugal III, Jerome Goddard
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Abstract

The Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum Koch), a known vector of medical and veterinary concern, is well established in Mississippi. Although seasonality and distribution patterns of this species of adults have been documented, those of immatures (larvae and nymphs) have not. In this study, a review of literature was combined with new and unpublished data to identify trends in immature A. maculatum activity. Compiled data from dates ranging from 1920–2014 consisted of 2,368 total specimens of A. maculatum collected in Mississippi, some published and some not. Of those, 2,295 (96.92%) were adults while only 27 (1.14%) were nymphs and 46 (1.94%) were larvae. Only four larval collections have been recorded (one each in June and November and two in October). Seventeen nymphal collections were recorded with peaks in March and August, roughly corresponding to the bimodal distribution observed in larval records. This bimodal distribution suggests that there may be two cohorts of A. maculatum per year or that immatures go through a stage of inactivity during periods of both winter and summer months. As expected, these data show that nymphs were collected earliest in the southern portions of Mississippi but, unexpectedly, adults were collected even earlier further north. Surprisingly, it was noted that larvae were collected progressively later in the year further south.

José Santos Portugal III and Jerome Goddard "Seasonality and Distribution of Immature Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mississippi, USA: A Review and New Records," Journal of Entomological Science 51(1), 1-8, (1 January 2016). https://doi.org/10.18474/JES15-04.1
Received: 8 January 2015; Accepted: 1 April 2015; Published: 1 January 2016
KEYWORDS
Amblyomma maculatum
distribution records
immatures
Mississippi
Seasonality
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