The genus Dysonia White, 1862 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) is revised in the present paper. Large morphological differences between species that currently make up the genus, justify separation into three new genera: Lichenomorphus n. gen., Lichenodentix n. gen., and Valna, the latter is removed from synonymy and separated into two subgenera. Taxonomic keys for the Dysonia complex and species lists, relocating all species in this new classification, are herein provided. In addition two new species are described: Dysonia holgeri n. sp., and Lichenomorphus montealegrezi n. sp., as well as a true female of Dysonia alipes (Westwood, 1844). Locusta sellata Stoll, 1787 and Dysonia ephippium (Stoll, 1813) are considered as nomina oblita of Lichenomorphus fuscifrons n. comb. & nomen protectum.