Plans for the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) include construction of two axes, two belts and two radiated areas. As a significant national strategy for China, the emphasis is on the construction of roads and achieving economic agglomeration and radiation through the construction of traffic axes. Using published literature and data analyses, this paper studied current traffic patterns between China and other regions within the SREB from the perspective of rail, ocean and air transportation. With regard to existing problems and development prospects of these three types of transportation, we propose construction modes for the traffic economic belt across continental plates and that future construction within the SREB should consider key cities as joints and arterial traffic lines as development axes, promote connecting of joints by lines, advance deep construction through joints and axes, connect lines into net, and develop informationalized traffic economic belt on the basis of trans-regional cooperation.