Terry J. Kreeger,¹ Glenn D. Del Giudice,¹ Ulysses S. Seal,² Patrick D. Karns<sup>3

1</sup>Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
²Research Service, Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417, USA and Departments of Biochemistry and Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
³Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744, USA