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1 July 1987 SALT TOXICOSIS IN WATERFOWL IN NORTH DAKOTA
Ronald M. Windingstad, Frank X. Kartch, Richard K. Stroud, Milton R. Smith
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Abstract

About 150 waterfowl died and another 250 became weak and lethargic from suspected salt poisoning after using White Lake, a highly saline lake in Mountrail County, North Dakota. Frigid temperatures made fresh water unavailable, forcing the birds to ingest the saline waters with resultant toxic effects. Sick birds recovered when removed from the salt water and released into fresh water marshes. Brain sodium levels were higher in dead geese submitted for necropsy than in controls.

Windingstad, Kartch, Stroud, and Smith: SALT TOXICOSIS IN WATERFOWL IN NORTH DAKOTA
Ronald M. Windingstad, Frank X. Kartch, Richard K. Stroud, and Milton R. Smith "SALT TOXICOSIS IN WATERFOWL IN NORTH DAKOTA," Journal of Wildlife Diseases 23(3), 443-446, (1 July 1987). https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-23.3.443
Received: 19 September 1986; Published: 1 July 1987
KEYWORDS
brain sodium
saline lakes
salt glands
salt toxicosis
waterfowl
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