Adiaspores of the fungus Emmonsia crescens were detected microscopically in the lung tissue of 13% of 10,081 small mammals belonging to 24 species examined in 14 areas of the Czech Republic between 1986 and 1997; 441/1,934 (23%) Clethrionomys glareolus, 1/6 (17%) Arvicola terrestris, 357/2,172 (16%) Apodemus flavicollis, 220/1,981 (11%) A. sylvaticus, 23/265 (9%) A. microps, 11/81 (14%) Microtus subterraneus, 93/1,275 (7%) M. arvalis, 98/1,439 (7%) M. agrestis, 1/3 (33%) Ondatra zibethicus, 1/1 Cricetus cricetus, 1/20 (5%) Crocidura suaveolens, 2/40 (5%) Neomys fodiens, and 13/529 (2%) Sorex araneus were infected. Emmonsiosis was not recorded among the species of rodents that do not build their nests in the soil (Muscardinus avellanarius, Micromys minutus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus). The overall prevalence of emmonsiosis was significantly higher in adult (19%) than in juvenile (7%) mammals, and in rodents (13%, and 20% in adults) than in insectivores (2%, and 4% in adults). The frequency of infected mammals also varied according to geographic area, altitude, habitat, and season.