How to translate text using browser tools
1 July 2010 BASELINE NORMAL VALUES AND PHYLOGENETIC CLASS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM OF ANESTHETIZED FREE-RANGING BROWN BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS)
A. Rae Gandolf, Åsa Fahlman, Jon M. Arnemo, James L. Dooley, Robert Hamlin
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Electrocardiographic (ECG) variables were measured in 22 healthy, free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) anesthetized with a combination of medetomidine, tiletamine, and zolazepam during research and management operations in south-central Sweden. Six-limb lead ECGs and the base-apex lead were recorded. Morphologies, amplitudes, rhythms, and durations of P waves, PQ intervals, QRS complexes, T waves, QT intervals, and QT intervals corrected for heart rate (QTc) were calculated from the base-apex lead. The mean electrical axis (MEA) for each individual was approximated in the frontal plane from the heights of R waves in leads I (X axis) and aVF (Y axis). All 22 bears had sinus rhythms and 10 of them had respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Heart rates ranged from 43 to 103 beats per minute and were independent of body mass. The MEA was 78.6 (±5.5) degrees. Some bears had strikingly peaked T waves, and many had pronounced notching (high frequency components) to the QRS complex. This information contributes to the limited data base of electrocardiography for brown bears and elucidates ECG similarities with other species in the order Carnivora.

A. Rae Gandolf, Åsa Fahlman, Jon M. Arnemo, James L. Dooley, and Robert Hamlin "BASELINE NORMAL VALUES AND PHYLOGENETIC CLASS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM OF ANESTHETIZED FREE-RANGING BROWN BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS)," Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46(3), 724-730, (1 July 2010). https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.3.724
Received: 25 July 2009; Accepted: 1 January 2010; Published: 1 July 2010
KEYWORDS
bear
ECG
electrocardiogram
heart
T wave
Ursus arctos
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
Get copyright permission
Back to Top