Coxiella burnetii Infection of Marine Mammals in the Pacific Northwest, 1997–2010

Gilbert J. Kersh; Dyanna M. Lambourn; Stephen A. Raverty; Kelly A. Fitzpatrick; Joshua S. Self; Adrianne M. Akmajian; Steven J. Jeffries; Jessica Huggins; Clifton P. Drew; Sherif R. Zaki; Robert F. Massung

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.201

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1 January 2012 Coxiella burnetii Infection of Marine Mammals in the Pacific Northwest, 1997–2010

Author Affiliations +

Gilbert J. Kersh
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA
Dyanna M. Lambourn
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 7801 Phillips Rd SW, Lakewood, Washington 98498, USA
Stephen A. Raverty
Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries, 1767 Angus Campbell Rd, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada V3G 2M3
Kelly A. Fitzpatrick, Joshua S. Self
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA
Adrianne M. Akmajian, Steven J. Jeffries
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 7801 Phillips Rd SW, Lakewood, Washington 98498, USA
Jessica Huggins
Cascadia Research Collective, 218½ W 4th Ave, Olympia, Washington 98501, USA
Clifton P. Drew, Sherif R. Zaki
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Robert F. Massung
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA

J. of Wildlife Diseases, 48(1):201-206 (2012). https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.201

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Abstract

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Humans are commonly exposed via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria derived from the waste products of domesticated sheep and goats, and particularly from products generated during parturition. However, many other species can be infected with C. burnetii, and the host range and full zoonotic potential of C. burnetii is unknown. Two cases of C. burnetii infection in marine mammal placenta have been reported, but it is not known if this infection is common in marine mammals. To address this issue, placenta samples were collected from Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Coxiella burnetii was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the placentas of Pacific harbor seals (17/27), harbor porpoises (2/6), and Steller sea lions (1/2) collected in the Pacific Northwest. A serosurvey of 215 Pacific harbor seals sampled in inland and outer coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest showed that 34.0% (73/215) had antibodies against either Phase 1 or Phase 2 C. burnetii. These results suggest that C. burnetii infection is common among marine mammals in this region.

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Gilbert J. Kersh, Dyanna M. Lambourn, Stephen A. Raverty, Kelly A. Fitzpatrick, Joshua S. Self, Adrianne M. Akmajian, Steven J. Jeffries, Jessica Huggins, Clifton P. Drew, Sherif R. Zaki and Robert F. Massung "Coxiella burnetii Infection of Marine Mammals in the Pacific Northwest, 1997–2010," Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48(1), (1 January 2012). https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.201

Received: 22 June 2011; Accepted: 1 September 2011; Published: 1 January 2012

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