Population Growth and Demography of Common Loons in the Northern United States

Jason S. Grear; Michael W. Meyer; John H. Cooley; Anne Kuhn; Walter H. Piper; Matthew G. Mitro; Harry S. Vogel; Kate M. Taylor; Kevin P. Kenow; Stacy M. Craig; Diane E. Nacci

doi:10.2193/2008-093

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1 September 2009 Population Growth and Demography of Common Loons in the Northern United States

Jason S. Grear, Michael W. Meyer, John H. Cooley, Anne Kuhn, Walter H. Piper, Matthew G. Mitro, Harry S. Vogel, Kate M. Taylor, Kevin P. Kenow, Stacy M. Craig, Diane E. Nacci

Author Affiliations +

Jason S. Grear
Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
Michael W. Meyer
Science Services, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 107 Sutliff Avenue, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA
John H. Cooley
Loon Preservation Committee, P.O. Box 604, Moultonboro, NH 03254, USA
Anne Kuhn
Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
Walter H. Piper
Department of Biology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
Matthew G. Mitro
Science Services, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2801 Progress Road, Madison, WI 53716, USA
Harry S. Vogel, Kate M. Taylor
Loon Preservation Committee, P.O. Box 604, Moultonboro, NH 03254, USA
Kevin P. Kenow
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, United States Geological Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA
Stacy M. Craig
LoonWatch Program, Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute, Northland College, 1411 Ellis Avenue, Ashland, WI 54806, USA
Diane E. Nacci
Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA

J. of Wildlife Management, 73(7):1108-1115 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-093

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Abstract

We used recent developments in theoretical population ecology to construct basic models of common loon (Gavia immer) demography and population dynamics. We parameterized these models using existing survival estimates and data from long-term monitoring of loon productivity and abundance. Our models include deterministic, 2-stage, density-independent matrix models, yielding population growth-rate estimates (λ) of 0.99 and 1.01 for intensively studied populations in our Wisconsin, USA, and New Hampshire, USA, study areas, respectively. Perturbation analysis of these models indicated that estimated growth rate is extremely sensitive to adult survival, as expected for this long-lived species. Also, we examined 20 years of count data for the 2 areas and evaluated support for a set of count-based models of population growth. We detected no temporal trend in Wisconsin, which would be consistent with fluctuation around an average equilibrium state but could also result from data limitations. For New Hampshire, the model set included varying formulations of density dependence and partitioning of stochasticity that were enabled by the annual sampling resolution. The best model for New Hampshire included density regulation of population growth and, along with the demographic analyses for both areas, provided insight into the possible importance of breeding habitat availability and the abundance of nonbreeding adults. Based on these results, we recommend that conservation organizations include nonbreeder abundance in common loon monitoring efforts and that additional emphasis be placed on identifying and managing human influences on adult loon survival.

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Jason S. Grear, Michael W. Meyer, John H. Cooley, Anne Kuhn, Walter H. Piper, Matthew G. Mitro, Harry S. Vogel, Kate M. Taylor, Kevin P. Kenow, Stacy M. Craig and Diane E. Nacci "Population Growth and Demography of Common Loons in the Northern United States," Journal of Wildlife Management 73(7), (1 September 2009). https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-093

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