Culicoides sonorensis is the primary vector of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in North America. Bluetongue disease is one of the most economically important arthropod-borne diseases of sheep in North America, because it causes significant morbidity and mortality and can lead to local quarantines and international trade restrictions. Long-lasting repellent pesticides could be applied to sheep as they are moved down from mountain pastures to protect them from biting midges until the 1st frost. We tested long-lasting pesticides on sheep as repellents against C. sonorensis. Both PYthon ear tags with 10% zeta-cypermethrin (9.8 g/tag) synergized with 20% piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and a 12-ml low-volume spray application of ready-to-use sheep insecticide (Y-TEX) with 2.5% permethrin and 2.5% PBO in an oil-based formulation were repellent to C. sonorensis for at least 3–5 wk after a single application.
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1 September 2010
Control of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Blood Feeding on Sheep with Long-Lasting Repellent Pesticides
W. K. Reeves,
J. E. Lloyd,
R. Stobart,
C. Stith,
M. M. Miller,
K. E. Bennett,
G. Johnson
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bluetongue virus
Culicoides sonorensis
insect repellent
permethrin
Python