The diagnosis and geographical distribution of the genus Hypselartemon Wenz, 1947, which was originally proposed as a subgenus of Rectartemon Baker, 1925, were re-examined based on preserved material, including type specimens, collected since the nineteenth century and deposited in scientific institutions. The comparative morphology of shell, radula, and soft body parts, when available, of Hypselartemon alveus (Dunker, 1845), H. contusulus (Férussac, 1827), H. deshayesianus (Crosse, 1863), and H. paivanus (Pfeiffer, 1867) were analyzed in order to redescribe and to highlight characters that can be used for species identification. Examination of the reproductive organs revealed significant differences among the species, all of which are endemic to the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and do not occur in Colombia as originally suggested. These results seem useful in examining the taxonomy and systematics of the Neotropical Streptaxidae.