Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is a research institution specializing in the mechanisms of mountain hazards in China and their mitigation, research that is especially relevant to key project construction and environmental protection for Chinese mountain regions. It leads research on mountain hazard mitigation in China.


Introduction
The Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), concentrates on the study of fundamental theories of and technologies for mitigating mountain hazards, especially debris flows and landslides, according to the mission of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS. It was recognized in 2005 as one of the key laboratories of CAS that provides support to national engineering, construction, and hazard mitigation efforts.
The laboratory has 71 permanent staff, including 15 professors, 23 associate professors, 9 experimental and observational workers, 1 chief scientist of the State Key Fundamental Research Program of China, 1 winner of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, 1 individual who achieved the first level in the National Ten Million Talent Project, 4 Western Light Scholars, 3 academic and technical leaders in Sichuan Province, and 2 candidates for academic and technical leadership in Sichuan Province. The laboratory offers postdoctoral positions in physical geography, doctorates in physical geography and geotechnical engineering, and master's degrees in physical geography, cartography and geographic information systems, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, hazard prevention and mitigation, and soil sciences.

Research objectives
The laboratory's main research areas include the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Tibetan Plateau. The laboratory focuses on the formation and prevention of hazards including debris flows, landslides, and soil erosion, as well as the stability and transportation processes of rocks and soils. It explores the processes that produce mountain hazards through theoretical and numerical studies, field research, and experimental investigation, and it studies the responses of human societies to these hazards through regional analysis.

Research achievements
A series of innovative and practical achievements have been made in the field of mountain hazards and earth surface processes since the founding of the laboratory in 2005, including the development of models of the geographical distribution of mountain hazards and a database and information platform on mountain hazards. Moreover, the laboratory has developed engineering approaches to forecast and prevent debris flows and landslides along highways, railways, and oil and gas pipelines; in the vicinity of hydropower stations; in urban areas; and in scenic landscapes and parks in western China. It also contributed significantly to relief and reconstruction efforts after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
Representative achievements in the past 5 years are as follows: 1. The debris flow enlargement mechanism and quantitative risk; The laboratory systematically investigated the dynamic evolution of large-scale debris flows. By analyzing the granular source, basal entrainment, and cascaded breaching of landslide dams in gullies, a method of computing the debris flow enlargement ratio was proposed (Cui et al 2013

Field observation stations
The key laboratory consists of indoor laboratories and field observation stations ( Figure 1). It is well equipped with various types of observational and laboratory facilities and sophisticated analytical instruments for the study of mountain hazards and earth surface processes-in particular debris flows, landslides, and soil erosion.

Looking forward
The laboratory successfully incorporates the efforts of multiple scientific disciplines and engages a number of high-level foreign scientists to aim at cooperatively solving cutting-edge scientific and technical issues related to mountain hazards and their mitigation, soil erosion, and engineering construction safety under the leadership of Professor Xiaoqing Chen, its director. The laboratory aims to develop the discipline of mountain hazards, to enhance its innovative ability in this research field, to improve its position in the international research arena, and to become an international base for research on mountain hazards.