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1 January 2011 Historical Forest Patterns and the Analysis of Site-Scale Forest Gradients for Natural Area Mangement
Timothy Schauwecker, Robert Brzuszek, Bill Cooke, Katarazyna Grala
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Abstract

An investigation of General Land Office (GLO) records and township-scale environmental gradients were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis to determine the usefulness of this methodology for determining historical forest patterns, correlating the historic data with modern environmental gradients, and as background information for the development of forest restoration and management plans. The study area encompassed one township within the Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, Tombigbee National Forest, and John Starr Forest in east-central Mississippi. From the 1830s, GLO survey notes detailing witness tree locations and understory descriptions were transcribed into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Environmental variables describing soils, slope, roughness, elevation, and distance to streams were generated from contemporary data sets for each of the witness tree locations. Redundancy analysis was used to correlate witness tree species with environmental gradients. Dominant tree species were post oak (Quercus stellata), pine (Pinus spp.), willow oak (Quercus phellos L.), red oak (Quercus falcata), and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua). Multivariate analysis revealed two significant non-random environmental patterns in relation to species composition. The lowland silty/ sandy loam soil association and witness tree distance to perennial stream were significant non-random associations described by the ordination. Three dominant associations are described: (1) post oak/pine woodland with open understory on sandy-loam uplands, (2) pine/white oak forest with thick understory on transitional slopes, and (3) willow oak/red oak/sweet gum forest on silty/sandy loam lowland terraces. The methods described have value to land managers in the development of forest management plans that address the establishment and maintenance of historical plant community diversity. At the site scale, plant association details can be delineated from GLO records and modern environmental data.

Timothy Schauwecker, Robert Brzuszek, Bill Cooke, and Katarazyna Grala "Historical Forest Patterns and the Analysis of Site-Scale Forest Gradients for Natural Area Mangement," Natural Areas Journal 31(1), 43-50, (1 January 2011). https://doi.org/10.3375/043.031.0106
Published: 1 January 2011
KEYWORDS
forest management
General Land Office surveys
Mississippi
redundancy analysis
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