Surveys of Odonata were carried out at Mass Audubon wildlife sanctuaries in all regions of the state and in multiple habitats. Our goals were to provide a comprehensive look at patterns of species distribution and relative species richness across Massachusetts and compare surveys where effort was and was not controlled. Observers encountered a total of 146 species, 11 of which were very widespread, having been recorded at more than 40 of the 54 properties examined. Thirty-five species were relatively rare, occurring at only 1 or 2 sanctuaries. A few sanctuaries were particularly notable for supporting somewhat uncommon species. These sites were not located in any particular ecoregion, but reflected local conditions. In surveys where effort was not controlled, a regression analysis indicated that about two thirds of the variation in species richness among sanctuaries could be explained by the amount of observer effort, the size of the sanctuary, and the extent of wetland habitat. Quantitative surveys that used transects or point counts to control for sampling effort resulted in observation of fewer species, including state-listed taxa, compared to the non-quantitative surveys. Despite producing fewer species, data from these quantitative surveys can be used to make statistical comparisons with data from future studies and detect changes over time in species richness, abundance, and frequency of occurrence.