Amygdalus ghahremanii Maroofi, Attar & Vafadar, a new shrubby species of the genus Amygdalus L. (Rosaceae) from Iran, is described and illustrated. This new species was collected from Kurdistan Province in western Iran. The closest relative to A. ghahremanii is A. korshinskyi (Hand.-Mazz.) Bornm., which also occurs as a more or less widespread species in western and northwestern Iran and is a sympatric relative. Morphological differences between A. ghahremanii and A. korshinskyi are found in the indumentum of young branches and petioles, length of pedicels, length of hypanthia, sepals and styles, as well as in the internal indumentum of the basal portion of the hypanthium and in the shape of drupes and stones.

The new combination Sesamum indicum L. subsp. malabaricum (Burm.) Bedigian (Pedaliaceae) is provided for the progenitor of sesame. Both lectotype and epitype for S. malabaricum Burm., the basionym of the new combination, are designated herein. A plate (van Rheede tot Draakestein, 1689: tab. 55) mentioned in the original protologue (Burman, 1769) is designated here as the lectotype for S. indicum L. subsp. malabaricum (Burm.) Bedigian. Previously published evidence about the relationship of S. indicum and S. malabaricum summarized here and shared morphological traits described here provide a foundation for the recognition of this taxon at the changed rank of subspecies.

Two new species, Coussapoa dariensensis C. C. Berg and C. peruviana C. C. Berg, are described and illustrated from Panama and Peru, respectively, for the Urticaceae, tribe Cecropieae.

Se describen e ilustran dos especies nuevas de Urticaceae, tribu Cecropieae, Coussapoa dariensensis C. C. Berg y C. peruviana C. C. Berg, de Panamá y Perú respectivamente.

A recently discovered species is described from the Cobre mine site managed by Minera Panamá S.A. in Colón Province (Donoso District) in central Panama near the Caribbean coast. The new species, Paradrymonia peltatifolia J. L. Clark & M. M. Mora (Gesneriaceae, Episcieae), is easily distinguished from congeners by the presence of peltate leaf blades, which is a vegetative characteristic that is rare in the Gesneriaceae.

Se describe una especie recientemente descubierta en la concesión Cobre Panamá manejada por la Minera Panamá S.A. en la provincia de Colón (distrito de Donoso) en el centro de Panamá cerca de la costa Caribe. La nueva especie, Paradrymonia peltatifolia J. L. Clark & M. M. Mora (Gesneriaceae, Episcieae), se distingue fácilmente de congéneres por la presencia de láminas peltadas, la cual es una característica vegetativa rara en las Gesneriáceas.

In the course of preparing our unpublished synopsis of the New World Cleomaceae, we found it desirable to make a number of changes in classification. Consequently, the genus Corynandra Schrad. ex Spreng., an earlier name for Arivela Raf., is re-established with Corynandra chelidonii (L. f.) Cochrane & Iltis [≡ Cleome chelidonii L. f.], C. felina (L. f.) Cochrane & Iltis [≡ Cleome felina L. f.], C. flava (Banks ex DC.) Cochrane & Iltis [≡ Cleome flava Banks ex DC.], and C. viscosa (L.) Cochrane & Iltis [≡ Cleome viscosa L.]. Also, one infraspecific combination is made, namely Corynandra viscosa subsp. nagarjunakondensis (Sundararagh.) Cochrane [≡ Cleome viscosa var. nagarjunakondensis Sundararagh.], and lectotypes are designated herein for Polanisia leschenaultii DC. and P. viscosa DC. var. grandiflora Benth.

Retiniphyllum francoanum Cortés-Ballén (Rubiaceae), a species restricted to the westernmost limit of the Guayana Shield in Colombia, is described. It differs from the other known species of the genus by the ovaries with seven or eight locules, and from its closest relative, R. secundiflorum Bonpl., by the shorter inflorescences, bracteole shape, colleters inside bracteoles, longer corolla tube, turbinate ovary, and by the winged and smaller pyrenes.

Se describe Retiniphyllum francoanum Cortés-Ballén (Rubiaceae), una especie restringida a la parte mas occidental del Escudo de la Guayana en Colombia. Se diferencia de las 21 especies del género por tener ovarios con siete u ocho loculos, y de la especie mas cercana, R. secundiflorum Bonpl., por las inflorescencias mas cortas, la forma de las bracteolas, los coléteres dentro de las bracteolas, el tubo de la corola mas largo, el ovario turbinado, y por los pirenos alados y mas pequeños.

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie mesoamericana de la Península de Yucatán, Haematoxylum calakmulense Cruz Durán & M. Sousa (Leguminosae, Caesalpinoideae). Esta nueva entidad es similar a H. campechianum L., sin embargo difiere de esta por presentar un mayor número de folíolos, hasta seis pares, de menor tamaño, de consistencia crasa y venación secundaria poco evidente; el raquis y el pecíolo presentan pelos uncinados blancos, y los folíolos tienen pelos blancos cerca de la base por el envés; las inflorescencias son más cortas, no más de 4.5 cm, el raquis de la inflorescencia, pedicelos y cáliz son siempre pilosos, y los pétalos son de menor tamaño. Se incluye también una clave para distinguir las especies conocidas del género Haematoxylum L.

Haematoxylum calakmulense Cruz Durán & M. Sousa (Leguminosae, Caesalpinoideae), a new Mesoamerican species from the Yucatan Peninsula, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to H. campechianum L., but differs by having more leaflets, up to six pairs, that are smaller and thick, with secondary venation non-evident; the rachis and petiole always with uncinate white trichomes, while the leaflets present with white trichomes on the abaxial surface toward the base; the inflorescences are shorter, no more than 4.5 cm, the inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and calyx are always pilose and the petals are smaller. A dichotomous key to distinguish the known species of Haematoxylum L. is included.

Manglietia admirabilis Y. H. Law & R. Z. Zhou, a new species from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to M. grandis Hu & W. C. Cheng and M. dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy, having a similar habit and vegetation. Manglietia admirabilis differs in its prominently lenticellate branches. Its leaves are dark green, abaxially ferrugineous pubescent, and are relatively small in size (16–24 × 9–10 cm). The new species is distinguished by its combination of white tepals, red stigmas, red and glabrous stamens, and relatively few carpels (28 to 40).

Tibouchina bruniana P. J. F. Guim. and T. araguaiensis P. J. F. Guim., two new species from Goiás and Tocantins, respectively, in central Brazil, are described, illustrated, and compared to their putative closest relatives. Both new species belong to Tibouchina sect. Barbigerae Naudin, which is characterized by long, simple trichomes on the anthers, positioned over the union between the staminal filament and connective. Tibouchina bruniana can be distinguished by its solitary flowers, less often in dichasia, and the diagnostic characters of T. araguaiensis presents as ciliate and overlapping triangular hypanthial scales.

The taxonomic position of Sinocalliergon Sakurai (originally described in the Amblystegiaceae) is re-evaluated, based on examination of the type specimens. The monotypic genus is considered synonymous with Barbula Hedw. (Pottiaceae, Bryopsida), and the appropriate new combination, B. satoi (Sakurai) S. He, is made. The name S. satoi Sakurai is lectotypified.

New combinations are made for 16 mostly Mesoamerican Cleomaceae previously included in the genus Cleome L., s.l., and one species transferred from Gynandropsis DC. These are now considered to belong in the genera Andinocleome Iltis & Cochrane, which is newly described herein, Mitostylis Raf., Physostemon Mart. & Zucc., Podandrogyne Ducke, and Tarenaya Raf., as follows: A. lechleri (Eichler in Mart.) Iltis & Cochrane, A. magnifica (Briq.) Iltis & Cochrane, A. pilosa (Benth.) Iltis & Cochrane, M. macrorhiza (C. Wright in Sauvalle) Iltis, M. procumbens subsp. obtusa (Britton) Iltis, M. procumbens subsp. wrightii (Urb.) Iltis, M. procumbens subsp. wrightii var. arenaria (Urb.) Cochrane, Physostemon humilis (Rose) Iltis, P. lanceolatum Mart. subsp. oaxacensis (Iltis) Iltis, P. lanceolatum subsp. paraguensis (Iltis) Iltis, P. stenophyllum (Klotzsch in Urb.) Iltis, Podandrogyne pulcherrima (Standl.) Cochrane, T. costaricensis (Iltis) Iltis, T. longipes (Lamb. ex DC.) Iltis, and T. parviflora (Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Iltis. Typifications are newly provided for Cleome pilosa var. costaricensis Donn. Sm. (lectotype), C. applanata Posada-Ar. (neotype), C. humilis Rose [≡ Physostemon humilis (Rose) Iltis] (lectotype), and C. stenophylla Klotzsch in Urb. [≡ Physostemon stenophyllum (Klotzsch in Urb.) Iltis] (lectotype).

Alyssum hezarmasjedense Kavousi & Nazary (Brassicaceae) is described as a new species from Khorassan Province in northeastern Iran. The morphological characters of the sepals being dimorphic and appearing connate, with the inner surface indument, support the placement of the new species in Alyssum L. sect. Gamosepalum (Hausskn.) Dudley. The new species is closely related to A. misirdalianum Orcan & Binzet.

Drypetes birkinshawii McPherson (Putranjivaceae or Euphorbiaceae s.l.), a new species of Drypetes Vahl, is described, differing most notably from the similar D. perrieri Leandri in having staminate flowers subtended by minute bracts (< 0.5 mm vs. 1.5 mm) and displaying three sepals (vs. four) and three stamens (vs. four) as well as in having glabrous fruits (vs. pubescent). Both species also share rather small leaves (typically less than 7 × 4.5 cm) and a bilocular, 2-styled ovary.

A new species of clover is described, allied to Trifolium fucatum Lindl. and T. depauperatum Desv. Trifolium piorkowskii Rand. Morgan & A. L. Barber (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) is an extremely rare clover that is apparently endemic to Shasta County, California, U.S.A. This new species differs from all other members of the T. fucatum complex in calyx and floral morphology, leaflet shape and markings, foliaceous stipules, and smooth seed coat. It also differs in range and habitat and has an eccentric nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS profile. Trifolium piorkowskii differs from the T. depauperatum complex in its relative robustness, leaf shape and markings, larger corolla size, the large acuminate involucre lobes, consistently forked calyx teeth, and larger seeds.

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie del género Sloanea L. (Elaeocarpaceae) del Departamento de La Paz (Bolivia), Alto Madidi. Sloanea gentryi Pal.-Duque & C. M. Baeza está relacionada con S. laxiflora Spruce ex Benth., de la cual se diferencia por sus ramitas cuadradas y su fruto sin espinas.

A new species of genus Sloanea L. (Elaeocarpaceae) is described and illustrated. The new species is known only from La Paz Department (Bolivia), Alto Madidi. Sloanea gentryi Pal.-Duque & C. M. Baeza is related to S. laxiflora Spruce ex Benth., from which it is distinguished by its quadrangular twigs and fruits without spines.

Cybianthus pittierianus Pipoly & Ricketson (Myrsinaceae) is described from Tobago, and its taxonomic relationships are discussed. This species is often confused with C. rostratus (Hassk.) G. Agostini owing to its free portions of the filaments being longer than the anthers, and leaves with similar elliptic shapes and with petioles less than 1.2 cm. However, C. pittierianus is easily distinguished from C. rostratus by the former's leaf blade apices abruptly acute to short-acuminate (vs. long-acuminate to caudate), with secondary veins in 18 to 24 pairs (vs. 28 to 32 pairs), corollas 2.4–3 mm (vs. 2.1–2.5 mm), and corolla lobes chartaceous (vs. carnose) and adaxially glabrous (vs. densely glandular-granulose). Cybianthus pittierianus is known from the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela and Tobago, in cloud forests on potassium- and magnesium-rich but nitrogen- and organically poor soils over metamorphic gneiss or schist rocks.

Se describe Cybianthus pittierianus Pipoly & Ricketson (Myrsinaceae) como especie nueva para la ciencia y se discute su parentesco. Esta especie ha sido confundido con C. rostratus (Hassk.) G. Agostini debido a que las porciones apicales libres de sus filamentos son mas largas que las anteras, sus láminas elípticas con pecíolos menos que 1.2 cm de largo. Sin embargo, C. pittierianus se distingue fácilmente de C. rostratus por sus ápices foliares abrupte agudos hasta corto- acuminados (no largo-, ni caudados), nervios secundarios 18 a 24 (no 28 a 32) pares, corola 2.5–3 (no 2.1–2.5) mm de largo, con lóbulos corolinos cartáceos (no carnosos), y completamente glabros por dentro (sin gránulos glandulares). Cybianthus pittierianus se encuentra en la Cordillera de la costeña de Venezuela y en Tobago, en bosques nublados con suelos muy pobres en nitrógeno y elementos orgánicos; pero ricos en potásio y magnesio sobre rocas metamórficas de gneis o esquisto.

Material of a common and widespread species of Isoglossa Oerst. in southern Africa keys to I. stipitata C. B. Clarke in Clarke's 1901 taxonomic account in Flora Capensis. However, this material does not match either the type or the description of that species. Thus, a new species, I. glandulosissima K. Balkwill, is described for the Acanthaceae, Ruellieae. The critical distinction between I. glandulosissima and I. stipitata within the genus is the combination of a densely glandular bract with an acute tip that is either equal to or longer than the calyx in the terminal inflorescences. The new taxon occurs in a range of habitats, is not threatened, and is considered to be of Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN Red List criteria.

Liparis langtangensis B. B. Raskoti & Ale (Orchidaceae, Malaxideae) is a new species described and illustrated from Nepal. It is similar to L. campylostalix Rchb. f., sharing a cuneate corolla lip without a basal callus. Liparis langtangensis is distinguished by its oblanceolate leaf blades, the basal twisting of the ovary and pedicel, spreading or divericate lateral sepals, and a longer (to 5 mm) column, with two fleshy basal pads. Notes on the diagnostic characters used to distinguish it from allied species are provided.

The lectotypification of Ardisia tinctoria Pit. and subsequent reidentification of the type material as A. quinquegona Blume subsp. quinquegona resulted in two collections being orphaned under the name A. tinctoria var. microcarpa Pit. We elect to elevate the variety name A. tinctoria var. microcarpa and, here, propose the following new combination, A. microcarpa (Pit.) Ricketson & Pipoly, comb. et stat. nov., to accommodate these orphaned collections.

Cuando se dieron cuenta el hecho de que Ardisia tinctoria Pit. es sinónimo de A. quinquegona Blume subsp. quinquegona, unas colecciones fueron dejadas como huérfanas bajo el nombre A. tinctoria var. microcarpa Pit. Para poder acomodar a esas colecciones, se reconoce una entitad para incluir a ese material huérfano bajo una nueva combinación y estatus, A. microcarpa (Pit.) Ricketson & Pipoly.

A taxonomically complex issue regarding Ardisia gracilis Lace, A. dawnaea C. E. Parkinson, and A. dawnensis M. P. Nayar & G. S. Giri (Myrsinaceae) from Burma [Myanmar] is discussed and resolved with the lectotypification of A. dawnaea.

Se resuelve una situación complicada y confusa entre tres especies Birmania: Ardisia gracilis Lace, A. dawnaea C. E. Parkinson y A. dawnensis M. P. Nayar & G. S. Giri (Myrsinaceae), por lectotypificar a A. dawnaea.

Senegalia ebingeri Seigler (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) is described from Cusco and is known from Apurimac, Ayacucho, and Puno in southern Peru. The new species is illustrated and compared to its probable nearest relatives S. tenuifolia (L.) Britton & Rose, S. riparia (Kunth) Britton & Rose, and S. tubulifera (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger.

Senegalia croatii Seigler & Ebinger is described from Panama and is distributed from Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, and into Colombia. The new species is illustrated and compared to a morphologically similar species, S. hayesii (Benth.) Britton & Rose.

Lectotypifications are made for three species in Mimosa L. (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae): M. angustisiliqua Lam. [= Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.], M. arabica Lam. [= Vachellia nilotica (L.) P. J. H. Hurter & Mabb.], and M. strombulifera Lam. [≡ Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth.]. Clarification for type material at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (P) is included for other plants either native to or adventitive in the New World and originally described as Acacia Mill.

A new variety of the evergreen shrub Choisya arizonica Standl. (Rutaceae) is described. It differs from the typical form in having longer and broader leaflets and thus larger leaves. The new variety C. arizonica var. amplophylla Toolin occurs in a few localities in southeastern Arizona with igneous rock substrates, rather than on soils derived from limestone substrates normally colonized by the species.

Cyperus paramoensis G. C. Tucker (Cyperaceae) is described from Boyaca, Colombia, as a new species. It occurs in páramo vegetation in the northern Andes of Colombia and Venezuela. Its closest relative is C. svensonii G. C. Tucker, from which it differs in its shorter culms, 1–3(−5) cm tall, and dull brown spikelets. This species is placed in Cyperus L. subg. Cyperus sect. Umbellati (C. B. Clarke) Kük., because it has cylindrical spikelets with a winged deciduous rachilla and one or two (three) floral scales.

Cyperus paramoensis G. C. Tucker (Cyperaceae) se describe como nueva especie de Boyaca, Colombia. Se crece en los páramos de la parte norte de los Andes en Colombia y Venezuela. Su pariente más cercano es C. svensonii G. C. Tucker, de la que se distingue en cuanto a sus tallos cortos, 1–3(−5) cm altos, y sus espiguillas de color marrón opaco. Esta especie está clasificada dentro del Cyperus L. subgén. Cyperus secc. Umbellati (C. B. Clarke) Kük., porque tiene espiguillas sido cilíndrica con raquilla caducifolio con alas y uno o dos (tres) escamas florales.

Dryopteris damingshanensis Li Bing Zhang & H. M. Liu, a new species of the fern genus Dryopteris Adans. (Dryopteridaceae) from central Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. Dryopteris damingshanensis is one of the seven species known in Dryopteris subg. Nothoperanema Tagawa sect. Nothoperanema (Tagawa) Li Bing Zhang, and a taxonomic key to these species is provided. The new species is most similar to D. shikokiana (Makino) C. Chr. but is distinct by the following characters: leaves bipinnate-pinnatisect, leaf texture papery, petiole scales dark brown, and basiscopic pinnules as large as acroscopic pinnules. Dryopteris damingshanensis is currently known only from a single population occurring at Daming Shan in central Guangxi, China, and is considered to be Critically Endangered (CR), based on IUCN Red List criteria.