The new species Aphragmus pygmaeus Al-Shehbaz (Sichuan) and Cardamine pseudotrifoliolata Al-Shehbaz (Xizang or Tibet) are described and illustrated. Their distinguishing characters from the respectively nearest relatives A. oxycarpus (Hook. f. & Thomson) Jafri and C. trifoliolata Hook. f. & Thomson are discussed.

Weberbauera incisa Al-Shehbaz, P. Gonzáles & A. Cano (Brassicaceae), a new species from southern Peru, is described and illustrated. It differs from the closely related W. spathulifolia (A. Gray) O. E. Schulz by being completely glabrous and by having incised leaves, flattened and papery petioles of basal leaves, and torulose fruits.

Two new species of Styrax L. from South America are described and illustrated. Styrax macarenensis P. W. Fritsch, endemic to the Serranía de la Macarena in the department of Meta, Colombia, is similar to S. rigidifolius Idrobo & R. E. Schult. but differs in its longer petioles, more rounded leaf blades with denser and larger ferruginous trichomes abaxially, more frequently and more deeply bifurcating leaf blade secondary veins, and drupes without an apical ring. Styrax prancei P. W. Fritsch, endemic to the Serra do Aracá in Amazonas State, Brazil, is similar to S. guaiquinimae (Maguire & Steyerm.) P. W. Fritsch but differs in its more narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate to elliptic leaves with nine to 12 secondary veins on each side of the midvein, 2- to 4-flowered inflorescences, and smaller flowers. Both species are known only from their types.

New combinations in Tigridia Juss. for Gelasine longispatha Herb., type species of Cardiostigma Baker, and Nemastylis latifolia Weath., type species of Sessilanthera Molseed & Cruden, are here validated. In addition, the remaining species of Cardiostigma and Sessilanthera and of Colima (Ravenna) Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. are transferred to Tigridia. The new names T. coerulea Goldblatt and T. fosteri Goldblatt are needed with the transfer of Sphenostigma hintonii R. C. Foster and C. mexicanum (R. C. Foster) Ravenna, respectively.

Se describe e ilustra Olyra jubata J. R. Grande (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae: Olyrinae), especie nueva del departamento de Loreto, Perú. Olyra jubata se caracteriza por presentar pseudopecíolos velludos, láminas foliares de base truncada, subcordada o redondeada, (uno o dos) cuatro a siete inflorescencias parcialmente incluidas en la vaina superior, tardíamente exertas y arqueadas, y glumas femeninas subiguales y caudadas. Se ofrece una sinopsis de la tribu Olyreae, en la cual se consideran los grupos genéricos e infragenéricos hasta ahora propuestos, más algunos adicionales, hasta ahora inéditos. Finalmente, se incluye una clave para identificar a las especies de Olyra L. que poseen flósculos femeninos membranáceos y vilosos, uniformemente cubiertos por pelos cilíndricos largos y adpresos (O. amapana Soderstr. & Zuloaga, O. juruana Mez, O. bahiensis R. P. Oliveira & Longhi-Wagner, O. ciliatifolia Raddi, O. loretensis Mez y O. jubata); dichas especies son incluidas en el grupo informal Ciliatifolia (propuesto en este trabajo).

Fagopyrum luojishanense J. R. Shao, a new species of Fagopyrum Mill. (Polygonaceae), is described and illustrated from Liangshan in Sichuan Province, China. This species is distinguished by its leaf blades that are ovate, narrowly ovate or triangular, winged seeds, and inflorescences that are either axillary or terminal, and we further distinguish the new species based on karyotype analysis. Fruit surface ornamentation of F. luojishanense is densely and irregularly warty, while fruit ornamentation is sparser in F. gracilipes (Hemsl.) Dammer ex Diels. Fagopyrum luojishanense is a diploid taxon, with 2n = 2x = 16 and a karyotype of 16 metacentric chromosomes, while F. gracilipes is tetraploid, 4n = 4x = 32, with a karyotype of 30 metacentric and two submetacentric chromosomes.

A new species, Marsdenia ludani Juárez-Jaimes & Saynes (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), is described and illustrated. The species occurs in the tropical semi-evergreen forest of Pochutla, a region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, best known for botanical explorations and collecting activities by the Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca (SERBO A.C.). The distinctive characteristics of this taxon are the leaf blades with strigose hairs on the adaxial surface, subglobose corolla, 5-sulcate, trilobed corona lobes, and membranes of the anthers completely adnate to the anther body. This new taxon can only be confused with M. coulteri Hemsl. in its vegetative state, with which it is compared.

Passiflora munchiquensis A. Hernández, una nueva especie de Passiflora L. subg. Decaloba (DC.) Rchb., supersección Auriculata J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae), se describe de los departamentos del Cauca y Valle y es solamente conocida de la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Las especies más cercanas son P. apoda Harms, P. sodiroi Harms, P. ursina Killip & Cuatrec. y P. monadelpha P. Jørg. & Holm.-Niels.

Burmeistera zamorensis Muchhala & Á. J. Pérez (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae) is described from cloud forests in Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador. It is distinctive in possessing inflated fruit with thick, fleshy walls, and in the maroon coloration of the ventral surface of its leaves, which contrasts sharply with the dark green of the dorsal leaf surfaces. Although similar to B. ceratocarpa Zahlbr. and B. glabrata (Kunth) Benth. & Hook. f. ex B. D. Jacks., the new species can be distinguished from these and all other species of Burmeistera Triana by a combination of characters that includes leaf arrangement, fruit morphology, and calyx lobe morphology.

The study of the Trichosanthes cucumerina group from India based on field investigations, followed by herbarium and literature-based study, distinguishes four taxa, two of which are new combinations. Trichosanthes lobata Roxb. is synonymized to T. cucumerina L. subsp. cucumerina. Also associated with the autonymic subspecies, the cultivar ‘Anguina' is newly recognized as T. cucumerina subsp. cucumerina ‘Anguina' K. Pradheep, D. R. Pani & K. C. Bhatt [≡ T. anguina L.]. Trichosanthes brevibracteata Kundu var. sublobata Kundu is transferred as T. cucumerina subsp. sublobata (Kundu) K. Pradheep, D. R. Pani & K. C. Bhatt. Trichosanthes villosula Cogn. is transferred at reduced rank as T. cucumerina subsp. villosula (Cogn.) K. Pradheep, D. R. Pani & K. C. Bhatt [≡ T. villosula Cogn.], and T. perrottetiana Cogn. is synonymized to this subspecies.

The overlooked name Hedychium deceptum N. E. Br., after a lapse of ca. 80 years, is identified as an earlier name for the well-known H. rubrum A. S. Rao & D. M. Verma. Its lectotypification is designated with a specimen located at Kew herbarium, and an amended description and illustration are provided with notes on synonymy, phenology, and geographical distribution. The species is endemic to the northeastern states of India and has ornamental potential.

A new species, Chloroleucon sempervivum Silverst. (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae), is described from the northern end of the Cauca Valley, in the department of Risaralda, in western Colombia, where it is known locally as parasiempre. It has a coiled fruit and resembles the Venezuelan species C. eurycyclum Barneby & J. W. Grimes, but differs in having fewer and broader leaflets and broader fruits.

Many of the species classified in Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. have been shown based on morphological and molecular characters to belong to Palicourea Aubl. (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), including the species of Psychotria ser. Appunianae Steyerm., Mapouria Aubl. sect. Nothocephaelis Müll. Arg., and Mapouria sect. Tricephalium Müll. Arg. Accordingly, these are transferred here to the new section Palicourea sect. Tricephalium (Müll. Arg.) C. M. Taylor, which includes 35 species found from southern Nicaragua to Bolivia and Paraguay, and is diagnosed by its rather thick-textured leaves with well-developed intersecondary veins that are extensively reticulated and inflorescences with the flowers sessile in small to large heads that are enclosed by well-developed bracts. The species are separated into three informal groups, the Palicourea conephoroides group, the Palicourea flaviflora group, and the Palicourea sessilis group. The following new species-level combinations are made here: Palicourea boyanii (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria boyanii Steyerm.; Palicourea cenepensis (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria cenepensis C. M. Taylor; Palicourea conephoroides (Rusby) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis conephoroides Rusby; Palicourea costanensis (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria costanensis Steyerm.; Palicourea crassifolia (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis crassifolia Standl.; Palicourea ernestii (K. Krause) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis ernestii K. Krause; Palicourea flaviflora (K. Krause) C. M. Taylor is based on Uragoga flaviflora K. Krause; Palicourea heteroneura (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria heteroneura Steyerm.; Palicourea hypochlorina (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria hypochlorina C. M. Taylor; Palicourea jenmanii (Wernham) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis jenmanii Wernham; Palicourea jervisei (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis jervisei Standl.; Palicourea kaieteurensis (Wernham) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis kaieteurensis Wernham; Palicourea oleandrella (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis oleandrella Standl.; Palicourea ownbeyi (Standl. ex C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria ownbeyi Standl. ex C. M. Taylor; Palicourea pleiocephala (Müll. Arg.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria pleiocephala Müll. Arg.; Palicourea schraderoides (K. Krause) C. M. Taylor is based on U. schraderoides K. Krause; Palicourea schunkei (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria schunkei C. M. Taylor; Palicourea sessilis (Vell.) C. M. Taylor is based on Coffea sessilis Vell. (not Psychotria sessilis Vell.); Palicourea speluncae (Standl. & Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria speluncae Standl. & Steyerm.; Palicourea tepuiensis (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis tepuiensis Steyerm.; Palicourea triadica (Müll. Arg.) C. M. Taylor is based on Mapouria triadica Müll. Arg.; Palicourea tricephala (Müll. Arg.) C. M. Taylor is based on M. tricephala Müll. Arg.; and Palicourea zevallosii (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria zevallosii C. M. Taylor. The following new names are published here: Palicourea arenosa C. M. Taylor replaces the name Cephaelis cuatrecasasii Standl. ex Steyerm.; Palicourea jungiana C. M. Taylor replaces the name Psychotria longipes Müll. Arg.; Palicourea perinsignis C. M. Taylor replaces the name M. insignis Müll. Arg.; and Palicourea yneziae<