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29 January 2020 Discoscapidae fam. nov. (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), a new family of stem lineage bees with associated beetle triungulins in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
George Poinar
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Table 1.
Size of flowers described from Burmese amber

Fig. 1.
Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Right lateral view of body. Arrows show four associated beetle triungulins. Arrowhead shows scopae on hind leg femur. Bar = 0.65 mm. Insert shows rounded pronotal lobe (arrow). Bar = 0.70 mm. B – Left lateral view of body. Arrow shows scutum. Bar = 0.62 mm.

Fig. 2.
Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Bifurcated scape. T= torulus; R = radicle; Sc = scape; P = pedicle; S = spur. Arrowhead shows velum with wax-like deposit lining curvature. Bar =106 µm. B – Foreleg strigilis. S = spur, C = comb with velum. Bar = 60 µm.

Fig. 3.
Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Forewing. Arrow shows tegula. Bar = 440 µm. B – Dorsal view of mesosoma. P = pronotum, Sc = scutum, S = scutellum. Bar = 320 µm.

Fig. 4.
Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Forewing. B = Basal vein, C = costa, P = prestigma, R= radius, S= stigma, V= v vein, 1Tc = first transverse cubital vein, 2Tc = second transverse cubital vein, 3Tc = third transverse cubital vein, 1sm = first submarginal cell, 2sm = second submarginal cell, 3sm = third submarginal cell, 1Rv = first recurrent vein, 2Rv = second recurrent vein, r = r vein. Bar = 520 µm. B – Hind wing. R = radius vein, Rs = radial sector, M = medial vein, Cu = cubitus vein, V = V vein, Jl = jugal lobe, Vl = vannal lobe. Bar = 420 µm. C – Right antenna. T = torulus; R = radicle; Sc = scape; P = pedicle; S = spur; C = area of curvature with wax-like deposit on velum. Bar = 146 µm. D – Mandible. Bar = 125 µm. E – Frontal view of head. Arrows show low positioned antennal sockets. C = clypeus; L = labrum. Bar = 300 µm.

Fig. 5.
Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Lateral view of terminal tarsal segments and claw. Arrows show pollen clusters attached to tarsomeres. Bar = 93 µm. B –Ventral view of claws. Arrowhead shows bi-lobed arolium. Bar = 62 µm. C – Hind leg. Bar = 400 µm.

Fig. 6.
Tibial spurs of Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Single spur on mesotibia. Bar = 108 µm. B – Paired spurs on metatibia. Bar = 84 µm.

Fig. 7.
Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Scopa at femur-tibial junction of midleg. Bar = 130. B – Plumose hairs on midleg femur. Bar = 55 µm. C – Pygidium. Arrow shows sting. Bar = 95 µm.

Fig. 8.
Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. A – Plumose hairs on hind leg basitarsus. Bar = 45 µm. B – Plumose hairs on hind leg tibia. Bar = 35 µm.

Fig. 9.
Pollen catching hairs with surrounding pollen grains on the hind leg femur of Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. Bar = 213 µm. Insert shows branches on hairs. Bar = 50 µm.

Fig. 10.
A – Pollen grains associated with pollen catching hairs of Discoscapa apicula gen. et sp. nov. in Burmese amber. Bar = 38 µm. B – Pollen grains of the Burmese amber angiosperm flower Dispariflora robertae. Bar = 16 µm.

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KEYWORDS
Apoidea
Burmese amber
mid-Cretaceous
stem lineage bee
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