Bronn and Roemer (1852) erected the new monotypic genus Mesostylus (Thalassinidae) for Pagurus faujasi Desmarest, 1822. Subsequently, A. Milne Edwards (1860) noted that Mesostylus was a junior subjective synonym of Callianassa Leach, 1814 and removed M. faujasi to Callianassa. Beurlen (1930) described the new thalassinid genus, Protocallianassa (type species: Callianassa archiaci A. Milne Edwards, 1860, by monotypy). Subsequently, Mertin (1941) removed Callianassa faujasi from Callia-nassa to Protocallianassa. Therefore, it can be seen that Mesostylus is a senior subjective synonym of Protocallianassa.
However, Protocallianassa is a name that is well established by many paleontologists. A presumed valid name, Protocallianassa has been used in 27 works by 20 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years (Table 1). The senior synonym, Mesostylus, has been used by only two authors, Bronn and Roemer (1852) and Bosquet (1854), and has not been used as a valid name after 1899. Thus, Mesostylus precedes Protocallianassa, but priority is suppressed under Arts. 23.9. 1.1 and 23.9.1.2 of the Inter-national Zoological Nomenclature (1999). Herein, the senior synonym, Mesostylus, becomes nomen oblitum and the junior synonym, Protocallianassa, is a nomem protectum under Art. 23.9.2.
Table 1
List of authors who used the generic name Protocallianassa in the immediately preceding 50 years.
Acknowledgments
Warmest thanks are extended to L. B. Holthuis (Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden), T. Nishikawa (Nagoya University Museum, Nagoya), J. S. H. Collins (Natural History Museum, London), C. E. Schweitzer (Kent State University, U.S.A.), R. Fraaije (Oertijdmuseum de Groene Poort, Boxtel), A. Garassino (Natural History Museum, Milano), and G. Schweigert (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart) for useful comments on the manuscript. I thank C. E. Schweitzer, A. I. Kafanov (Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok), H. Kato (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba), and G. Schweigert for providing literature.
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