Recent fieldwork in the Shoal Creek drainage of the Tennessee River drainage in Tennessee has uncovered the presence of a new species of crayfish in the formerly monotypic genus Barbicambarus. The new species differs from the type species in possessing a median carina, less dense setae on the antennae, a less angular central projection, a spine at the dorsodistal margin of the merus of the cheliped, and a high level of divergence in the COI gene region. Collecting efforts have so far found the new taxon at only two locations and it is thought to be rare.