Fruit anatomical characters studied herein confirm the inclusion of Delarbrea and Myodocarpus in Apiales, but as a distinct group, corroborating previous studies (based on molecular data) in the recognition of Myodocarpaceae as a new family. The fruits of these genera share some features with those of Apiaceae (especially subfamilies Mackinlayoideae and Azorelloideae) and Araliaceae, including branching and anastomosing vascular bundles and secretory canals, woody endocarps, the presence of single ventral bundles or carpophores, and dispersed crystals. However, the presence of median wings in Myodocarpus and secretory vesicles in the mesocarps (adjacent to the woody endocarp) in both genera are unknown in any other genus of the order. Fruit characters are also useful in distinguishing Delarbrea, which produces drupes with a single ventral vascular bundle and sclereids in the mesocarp, from Myodocarpus, which has schizocarps with a single carpophore and lacks sclereids. Delarbrea balansae, once treated as the sole member of Pseudosciadium, shares all the distinctive fruit features with the other species of Delarbrea, further supporting its transfer there.