A new species assigned to the genus Pouteria is described and illustrated. Pouteria citriodora is morphologically related to Pouteria procera but differs from itmainly by its axillary and isolated flowers (3–15-flowered in P. procera), calyx aestivation quincuncial (convolute/contorted in P. procera), longer tube corolla (5.0–7.3mmlong vs. 1.75–3.5mmlong in P. procera), and fruits with whitish dots on the surface and a very distinctive Citrus-like smell. Herein environmental, geographic distribution and conservation data for the new species are provided. In addition, a key to species of Pouteria with 5-merous flowers from Bahia state-Brazil is presented.