Barbara A. Moffatt,^1,2 Hiroshi Ashihara<sup>3

1</sup>aDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
²cCorresponding author, moffatt@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca, phone: 519-888-4567 ext 2517, fax: 519-74
³bDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610