A new species, Tortula neoeckeliae C.Feng & J.Kou, is described and illustrated from Guizhou Province of China. It is characterized by oblong-ovate to lingulate and unbordered leaves with broadly acute to rounded and awned apex, broadly revolute margins, long-excurrent costa with dorsal stereid band 1–2 cells thick, smooth or very sparsely hollow-papillose lamina, erect, nearly straight and exerted capsules with peristome of 32 strongly twisted filaments. The Chinese specimens previously assigned to Tortula transcaspica Broth. proved to belong to T. neoeckeliae, so that the report of T. transcaspica from China is erroneous. The new species is contrasted with similar species in Tortula and a key to Chinese species of the genus is provided.